• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.475-484
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• 2018

The propulsion control device of an electric railway vehicle is a key main component corresponding to an engine of an automobile, and a device for controlling this is a device called a GDU (Gate Drive Unit). Also, when the frequency of failure of the propulsion control system was analyzed, the nonconformity ratio of GDU was the highest. GDU was not able to access core technologies due to the introduction of foreign products, and there were general problems with overall maintenance activities due to discontinuation of GDU of the manufacturer. The GDU has reached the end of its life with 23 to 14 years of long-term use.In order to solve these problems, this study was designed to identify the proper life span by analyzing compatible GDU's acquisition and failure, and to improve the existing system of maintenance focusing on health inspection. Maintenance of the components with a short life span compared to the entire service life is essential. Most foreign parts introduced at the beginning of the construction are not replaced due to technical problems or long-term operation. However, due to the characteristics of railway vehicles with a long life span of more than 25 years, it is necessary to maintain them for a long period of time. The study should be more concrete and empirical. The replacement type GDU of capacitors was able to easily measure the life of the capacitance by removing the capacitor modules, measure the life span of each unit test, and accurately perform preventive maintenance of the capacitor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1635-1642
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rhus succedanea extract addition on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial growth. Methods: Two ruminally-fistulated steers consuming 600 g/kg timothy- and 400 g/kg cracked corn-based concentrate with free access to water and mineral block were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro batch fermentation, with timothy as a substrate, was conducted for up to 72 h, with Rhus succedanea extracts added to achieve final concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 mg/L. Results: Effective dry matter (DM) degradability rate linearly decreased (p = 0.046) depending on extract dosing levels. Total gas production after 24 to 72 h incubation tended to decrease following extract addition, beginning with 50 mg/L starting dose (significance of quadratic effects: p = 0.006, p<0.001, and p = 0.008 for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively). Methane production decreased depending on dosing levels following 24 h (p<0.05) and 48 h (p<0.005) incubations and was the lowest with the 50 mg/L dose. The Rhus succedanea extracts increased the abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes (p<0.05) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (p = 0.0597) and decreased the abundance of methanogenic archaea (p<0.05) following 24 h incubation. Conclusion: Rhus succedanea was shown to reduce methane production and increase cellulolytic bacteria without any signs of toxic effects and with a minor effect on DM degradability.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2009

Green tea was prepared by soaking 1.5 g of green tea leaves into 100 mL of distilled water at $75^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. The green tea was stored at three different conditions - (A) green tea was stored at not-artificially excluding natural light condition, at natural air condition, and without addition of vitamin C; (B) green tea was stored at artificially excluding natural light condition by wrapping a vial with aluminium foil, at nitrogen filling up condition, and with addition of 30 mg/100 mL of vitamin C; and (C) green tea was stored at artificially excluding natural light condition by wrapping a vial with aluminium foil, at nitrogen filling up condition, and without addition of vitamin C. After 28 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$, the chemical quality of the green tea was evaluated. Total phenolic contents of (A), (B), and (C) green tea decreased to 71.50, 73.88 and 75.07%, respectively, after storing for 28 days compared to those of beginning state. DPPH radical scavenging activities of (A), (B), and (C) green tea were 87.87, 92.93 and 88.39%, respectively. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main active compounds of green tea, contents of (A), (B), and (C) green tea were 130.61, 136.47 and 4.34%, respectively. The results indicated that light, air condition, and vitamin C were significantly important to the chemical quality of green tea during storage.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.593-600
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to enhance the level of life satisfaction of the elderly as the aging population grows in readiness for increased old age, beginning with interest in improving the quality of life of the elderly. For this purpose, the subtype of preparation for aging was set as multi-independent variables by organizing it into physical preparation for aging, economic preparation for aging, and emotional & social preparation for aging. Structural relationships between variables was identified by social support a parameter variable and life satisfaction a dependent variable. It was also verified that the social support between subtypes of preparation for aging and life satisfaction had a mediating effect. The subjects of this study are 4,058 elderly people who are over the age of 65. They were originally extracted from the 3rd and 5th additional survey of Korean Retirement and Income Study. For data analysis purposes, SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro v2.16 were used. The results of this study are as followed. The emotional & social preparation for aging not only had a significant direct effect on successful aging, but also resulted in indirect effect on successful aging through life satisfaction. On the basis of the results, this study provided the social welfare policy and practical suggestions to enhance the preparation for aging and social support, which are the key to improving life satisfaction of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.40
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• pp.191-225
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to formulate the way of the feminist strategy in Germany which is to change in the process of the globalization in the economic relations. The radical feminism which is the main streaming of german feminism shows a little interest in the role of the german welfare state (social state) to improve the quality of life of women. The german welfare state is, as the feminism says, only a instrument of patriarchy to perpetuate the domination of men over women. The german welfare state has played, but, an important role for the individualization of the relation of women's life which is the first condition for the emancipation of women from the patriarchal domination. That is a result of the interaction between the german welfare state and feminism. The role of the german welfare state for the interest of women is now challenged by the globalization of the economic relations which tries to reduce the standard of social services. The greatest victim of this process is women. Therefore it is necessary for the german feminism to think over the way of his strategy in relation to the german welfare state. The content of this study is as follows: First, the historical background of the german feminism explains how the radical feminism has become the mainstreaming of the german feminism. Seconds, the feminist strategy which rejects the role of the german welfare state for the interest of women has its own limits. Third, the german welfare state has not only developed the ideology of breadwinner but also contributed to the beginning of independent life of woman who were under the control of man. Fourth, the german welfare state is challenged by the economic globalization and being changed by the economic globalization. Fifth, therefore, the feminism has to concentrate to develop a strategy which accepts the limit and the possibility of german welfare state.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1552-1558
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• 2021

The diverse microbial communities in kimchi are dependent on fermentation period and temperature. Here, we investigated the effect of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) during the fermentation of kimchi at two temperatures using high-throughput sequencing. There were no differences in pH between the control group, samples not inoculated with ETEC, and the ETEC group, samples inoculated with ETEC MFDS 1009477. The pH of the two groups, which were fermented at 10 and 25℃, decreased rapidly at the beginning of fermentation and then reached pH 3.96 and pH 3.62. In both groups, the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella were predominant. Our result suggests that microbial communities during kimchi fermentation may be affected by the fermentation parameters, such as temperature and period, and not enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.178-184
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to develop a critical pathway of integrative medicine to improve the quality of life of lung cancer patients who received standard western medicine treatments. A total of 10 medical professionals, including western and Korean medicine doctors, and nurses participated in a validation survey and revised clinical pathway. Then we applied the critical pathway to 11 lung cancer patients who admitted at Korean medicine hospital and evaluated quality of life at the beginning and discharge of admission using European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ). More than 80% of the respondents gave a score of 3 (appropriate) or more for all items in the validation survey and we modified the clinical pathway by adding 'bed rest'to the activity item. When applying the revised critical pathway to 11 lung cancer patients, the score of 'Nausea and vomiting', 'Insomnia' in EORTC QLQ-30 and 'chest pain'in EORTC LC-13 showed statistically significant improvements in the before-and-after admission comparision. The application of revised inpatient critical pathway of integrative medicine for lung cancer showed improvement in some symptoms. Development of more critical pathway in various clinical setting and larger scaled application studies of critical pathway are needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.3 s.62
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• pp.481-489
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• 1998

Injuries and infectious diseases have been the most important public health problems since the beginning of human life. Injuries result in death of about 30,000 people each year in South Korea. In terms of years of life lost, injuries are considerably more costly than either heart disease or cancer. In terms of cost - both the direct costs of care and the indirect costs to individuals, families, and societies of a diminished life-injuries are among the most expensive of all social problems. The main purposes of this study are (1) to describe the outcomes as well as treatment process of brain injured patients and (2) to identify the factors impacting on length of stay during hospitalization and hospital fees. The research method used in this study was to review the medical records of five hundreds brain injured cases using systemic random sampling. The multiple logistic regression was administered to identify the factors impacting on the outcomes. The results are as follow : (1) the consultation .ate was found to be 72.9% while referral rate was 11.2%; (2) nearly 30% of the respondents were hospitalized over 30 days; (3) multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the determinants influencing LOS were number of consultations, number of lab tests, and surgery; (4) the determinants of hospital fee were severity of brain injury, gender of patients, number of consultations, number of lab tests, and surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.786-796
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density(BMD), body composition and life styles of female college students. The subjects were 334 students with a mean age of 21.0 years. BMDs of forearm and calcaneus were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedence analysis. The means for weight, height, and body mass index(BMI) of the subjects were 55.7 kg, 161.0 cm, 21.5 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Grouping by the BMI, 13.2% of the subjects were classified as overweight, and 11.1% of the subjects as obese group. BMD in the forearm and calcaneus were 0.390 g/$cm^2$, 0.514 g/$cm^2$. In the forearm, 58.1% and 9.6% of the subjects were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively, and in the calcaneus, 12.0% and 0.3% of the subjects were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. Body weight, skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass, fat mass and BMI were positively correlated with BMDs in the forearm and calcaneus($r$=0.180~0.495, $p$ <0.01~0.001), and height, % body fat and waist-hip ratio(WHR) were positively correlated with BMDs in the calcaneus($r$=0.213~0.239, $p$ <0.001), but not in the forearm. The factors such as beginning age of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking and exercise had significant influence on BMD($p$ <0.05; p<0.001), whereas sleeping hours, activity level, frequency of exercise, meal times, frequency of snack and fried food intake, breakfast skipping and amount of meal had not significant influence on BMD. Therefore, the acquisition of balanced body composition is necessary through the increase of fat free mass and muscle mass, not through the increase of fat mass among female college students.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2014

This paper presents the findings of an investigation of the fiber content variations in concrete being discharged from a ready-mix truck at the construction site. Concrete samples were extracted from the truck drums at the beginning, middle and end of discharge. Subsequently, fibers in each sample were separated from the concrete, and weighed. Presumably, synthetic macro fibers will float towards the top, i.e. towards the drum opening, of the inclined, revolving truck-drum, while, on the other hand, steel fibers will tend to gravitate towards the lower parts of the mixer drum. Accordingly, the discharge batch, containing synthetic macro fibers, will contain a higher amount of synthetic fibers per unit volume at the start of discharge than the average unit volume fiber content of the mix, and the content will gradually decrease further down the batch. The discharge batch of steel fiber concrete will contain fewer fibers per unit volume at the start of discharge than the average unit volume fiber content of the mix, and the content should gradually increase further down the batch. The correctness of the foregoing is partly confirmed. A certain percentage of the truck loads did not comply with the proposed requirements, mainly steel fiber reinforced batches, indicating the necessity of a code or guideline amendment. A change in the Norwegian shotcrete directive was made in 2011, based upon experimental research work (2010), which, in combination with the subsequent University of Life Sciences report (2012), constitutes the foundation of this article.