• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2023

Purpose: Recently, the operating unit remodeling compititon has been increasing rapidly in Korea, but there are no design infomation for spatial planning of sterile supply storage. Therefore, the propose of this study is to present area composition of the operating unit after remodeling. Methods: For literature review, the 6 studies and guidelines of operating unit(guidelines in the U.S, Australia, UK and Korea and 2 studies in Korea) conducted surveys and analysis. Room and space composition and zone of operating unit are redefined for this study. For obtaining area, to conduct masuring and calcuating of document of operating unit before and after remodeling in 3 cases. There are some patterns of plan in operaing unit by sterile supply storage. This study derived data for attributes of area composition of sterile supply storage. Results: The results of this study are as follows: First, Reviewing previous studies and Guidelines, for this study the suggested model was 5 zones(Operating zone, Support zone, Patient zone, Staff zone, Circulation zone) and redefined each room and space. Second, For infection control, sterile supply storage was provided to directly accessible to the operating room. Third, According to ralation of operting room and sterile supply storage, there are two types : 'double loaded type' and 'single loded type'. Sterile supply storage shall increase area of ciculation zone. Implications: This study can be used as primary data on remodeling of operating unit. In addition, it suggests that for infect control sterile supply storage is functional area.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of computer game exposure on pathological musculoskeletal symptoms in adolescents. Method: This study included 10 male junior high school students who used computers less than 3 times a week for 1 hr per day. The subjects were asked to play computer games for 4 hr. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hand and wrist, from the distal radius and ulnar head to the distal phalanges, and radiography of the cervical vertebrae were performed before and after playing computer games. For each dependent variable, a paired t-test was performed to identify significant changes before and after a 4-hr active computer game (p<.05). Results: The horizontal diameters of the flexor tendons in the index and middle fingers were significantly reduced after playing computer games. The horizontal diameters of the flexor tendons of other fingers did not show any significant differences, but there was a tendency toward a decrease after playing computer games. There was no significant change in the cervical lordosis angle before and after playing computer games. However, the cervical lordosis angle was relatively decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that computer game exposure had direct and indirect effects on morphological changes of flexor tendons. In addition, playing computer games for long periods of time can have a negative effect on normal functioning of the musculoskeletal system, with the possible development of abnormalities. However, computer game exposure in adolescents cannot be decisively identified as a factor causing pathological symptoms, based on the results of this study alone. Thus, longterm longitudinal studies on the overall musculoskeletal system are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.161-173
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigated on the degree of interest of manners education before and attitude and behavior change satisfaction of post-manners education for Women's University Students. The data for this study were collected from 518 subjects, who were Sookmyng Women's University Students in November, 1996. The subjects were analyzed by Cronbach's α, Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Anova, Factor analysis, Multiple Regression, and Path Analysis. The results were as follows; 1) The general tendency of students' degree of interest of manners education before for Women's University Students was high. 2) Attitude and behavioral change satisfaction of post-manners education was some high. Among the variables, individual life manners, family relations manners, job manner, and wedding ceremony were some high then the other manners areas. 3) The variables of the positive influences for students attitude and behavioral change satisfaction of post-manners education were degree of interest of manners education before, mother's age, grade, major, university life-satisfaction, and mother's job, negative influence variables was family life-satisfaction. 4) The intermediated variable of attitude and behavioral change satisfaction of post-manners education was degree of interest of manners education before and university life-satisfaction. We hope this study to be used as basic data for developing manners education model in university. We also expect further studies on university manners education with precise scale and sampling.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-120
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• 2024

On-line education in mathematics education changed in various aspects before and after COVID-19. This study conducted a systematic literature review of 98 academic papers on on-line education published from 2017 to 2023 in the field of mathematics education before and after COVID19. In particular, this study conducted content analysis to organize on the definitions of various similar terms related to online education. In addition, this study explored research trends on year, research subject, research method, on-line education type, and research topic by the pre-COVID-19, COVID-19, and post-COVID-19 era. Also, a comparative analysis was conducted on literatures on the effects of online education. As a result, first, it was confirmed that there is a need to organize the definitions of terms similar to online education. Also, the implications of identifying the differences and hierarchies between each term can be found. Second, it was confirmed that teachers' expertise for on-line mathematics education was emphasized based on the result of the rapid increase in the number of on-line education studies on teachers since COVID-19. Third, it was confirmed that the number of studies on blended and flipped learning was high in pre-COVID-19, but decreased in the COVID-19 era. Instead, in the COVID-19 era, studies on real-time interactive classes were rapidly active, and even in the post-COVID-19 era, studies on real-time interactive classes still occupied a large proportion. Finally, it was confirmed that the effectiveness of on-line education varies depending on the research background and model. Accordingly, the need to be cautious in interpreting the results of each study on the effectiveness of on-line education was confirmed. Based on these findings, this study presented implications for future research on on-line education in mathematics education.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2022

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of wet cupping on the treatment of mental illness. A total of 2,670 studies were retrieved using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases, and of these, 2,661 were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria. There were 9 articles included in this review including 1,124 individuals who received wet cupping. Mental health was explored in, those who had migraines, metabolic syndrome, smoking addiction, post-traumatic stress, chronic medical disease, and depression. As an intervention procedure, the triple S technique was used in all studies. Only 3 studies reported that none of the participants complained of adverse events during or after the cupping therapy. In all studies, wet cupping was reported to be effective in reducing psychological symptoms. However, there are few randomized controlled trials testing the e?ectiveness of wet cupping in the treatment of mental health, and most are of poor quality. Therefore, more rigorous studies are required before the effectiveness of wet cupping for the treatment of mental illness can be determined.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this clinical study was to find out the changes of self-reported pain intensity before and after balneothrapy in participants with low back pain. Methods In this study 20 participants with low back pain went through 5 weeks of balneothrapy course, once in a week. Each week visual analogue scale (VAS) and pain threshold were measured before and after balneothrapy, which consisted of 30 minutes of high pressure underwater shower ($32{\sim}36^{\circ}C$) and another 30 minutes of whole body bathing ($32{\sim}40^{\circ}C$). Results 1. The average of VAS significantly decreased from $64.00{\pm}16.35$ to $34.00{\pm}15.69$ after 5 weeks of balneothreapy (p<0.001). 2. The average of pain threshold significantly increased from $8.31{\pm}2.52$ lbf to $9.53{\pm}3.11$ lbf after 5 weeks of balneothreapy (p<0.05). Conclusions The results showed that 5 weeks of balneotherapy had significant effect on alleviating pain in low back pain participants, which means balneothreapy may be used as a complementary treatment on musculoskeletal diseases and other chronic diseases. Further studies are anticipated in the future to find out other various effects of balneothrapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2023

Severe natural disasters and man-made attacks such as terrorism are causing unprecedented disruptions in power systems. Due to rapid climate change and the aging of energy infrastructure, both the frequency of failure and the level of damage are expected to increase. Resilience is a concept proposed to respond to extreme disaster events that have a low probability of occurrence but cause enormous damage and is defined as the ability of a system to recover to its original function after a disaster. Resilience is a comprehensive indicator that can include system performance before and after a disaster and focuses on preparing for all possible disaster scenarios and having quick and efficient recovery actions after an incident. Various studies have been conducted to evaluate resilience, but studies on economic damage considering the duration of a power outage are scarce. In this study, we propose an optimal algorithm that can identify failures after an extreme disaster and restore the load on the distribution system through emergency distributed power generation input and system reconfiguration. After that, the cost of power outage damage is analyzed by applying VoLL and CDF according to each restoration strategy.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a case of a child with alopecia areata who was reintroduced with the same herbal treatment that was used before. Methods The patient was treated for 10 months with the herbal medicine. After a relapse, this patient took the same herbal medicine for another 2 months. Results After the treatment, the patient's hair loss and hair conditions were improved. After a relapse, alopecia areata was resolved by reintroducing the same herbal medicine treatment, and the condition was maintained well for several months even after the end of the treatment. Conclusion This study shows the effects of the herbal medicine for alopecia areata in a child. However, further studies are needed, including long-term follow-up studies after the end of the treatment.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.93-99
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• 2001

Objective : This study was performed to examine the Herbal Acupuncture decrease the side effect of Bee Venom. Methods: We treated Bee Venom and various Herbal Acupuncture mixed Bee Venom using double blind test to 70th health youth, and checked pain, edema size, CBC, Serum biochemistry and Thermography. Results: 1. Herbal Acupuncture made by Morus bombycis Koidzumi showed good results to decrease the side effect of Bee Venom than any other Herbal Acupuncture. 2. We examined CBC, ESR and Serum biochemistry before and after treated. Special change was not showed. 3. We observed the pain and edema after treated Bee Venom and Morus bombycis Koidzumi Herbal Acupuncture mixed Bee Venom. We knew that Morus bombycis Koidzumi Herbal Acupuncture was decrease the pain and edema due to Bee Venom. 4. According to these clinical studies, Morns bombycis Koidzumi Herbal Acupuncture has a possibility to be a good partner of Bee Venom.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-94
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of resistance exercise on body composition, physical strength, blood lipids, and insulin. Methods : The study was conducted on 24 elderly women divided into two groups: 12 subjects in an exercise group and 12 subjects in a control group. Resistance exercise was performed for 50 minutes a day, three times a week, for the duration of 12 weeks, and body composition, physical strength, blood lipids, and insulin were measured before and after the subjects completed the program. For the statistical analysis, the mean and standard deviation (M±SD) of each variable were calculated using SPSS version 20, and a paired t-test and two-way repeated ANOVA were conducted to test for the differences before and after the resistance exercise. All significant levels were set to α=.05 as a result of the experiment. Results : Changes in body composition after the 12-week resistance exercise program did not show any significant difference based on the comparison between the groups, but when noting the values for body fat percentage and body in the control group before and after, a significant difference was shown in fat mass (p<.05). As for changes in physical fitness, significant differences appeared in flexibility, muscle strength, and stenotic force (p<.01) when the groups were compared. Regarding pre- and post-values within each group concerning flexibility within the exercise group, significant differences were shown in gender (p<.001), muscle strength (p<.05), (p<.01), muscle earth strength, equilibrium (p<.01), stenosis force, and cardiopulmonary earth force (p<.001). Also, comparisons between populations in changes in blood lipids the values before and after in each group, significant differences in glucose (p<.05) and insulin (p<.05) were shown in the exercise group. When comparing the values before and after in each population, a significant difference was shown in the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : When all the results were integrated, the 12-week resistance exercise program was found to enhance physical strength (flexibility, muscle strength, and coordination) and improve the blood sugar levels of elderly women. In particular, resistance exercise is believed to lower the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic diseases by having a positive effect on insulin. Further studies are suggested to verify the effect on body composition and blood lipids by setting up a variety of exercise treatment methods (including subjects, exercise periods, exercise plans, and exercise intensity focuses).