• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 1985

After the induction of estrus by the PGFF2$\alpha$-GTH combination on the 118 repeat breeder cow during of 6-13 days of the estrus cycle, the effects of GTH, antibiotics, antibiotics-GTH combination were compared. The results of this study, the following conclusion were obtained: 1. The rate of estrus was reduced the administration of GTH before the administration of PGF2$\alpha$. 2. The rate of ovulation delayed was 24.6% in the group with the administration GTH, but 34.1% without the administration GTH. Duration of ovulation was shortened by GTH. 3. The impregnation induction by the administration of PGF2$\alpha$, PGF2$\alpha$-antibiotics, PGF2$\alpha$-GTH-antibiotics were 41.7%, 69.5%, 55.6% and 80.8% respectively injection in the uterus was more effective than the administration. Before or after the A.I., the above combination was most effective. 4. In antibiotics sensitivity test in vitro of the intravagina bacteria, 5.0%, 12.7% and 60.0% of bacteria were sensitive to Penicilline, Streptomycin and Gentamicin respectively.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
• /
• v.34 no.12
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of flush-out on the reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) concentration in newly built residential buildings. The field measurements were conducted in two complexes of multi-residential buildings which are located suburban areas of Seoul. About three samples of residential buildings were selected in the field measurements. Two samples, B and C, had been flush-out with outdoor air more than seven days. The sample A was maintained at same condition during the flush-out because of the comparison. The indoor concentrations of VOCs in the three samples were measured at three times, before, during, and after flush-out. From the field measurements, it was confirmed that two samples' indoor VOCs' concentrations were considerably decreased after the flush-out comapred with those of the sample A in which the flush-out was not conducted. The decreases of indoor VOCs concentrations were corresponding to about 50% ~ 92% of the concentrations of before. Through the reviews for the previous studies, it was also found that the reduction effects of the flush-out is similar with the those of the bake-out which were reported in the previous studies.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.174-187
• /
• 2011

The flowed soil is able to be estimated from topographic data of before and after the debris flow. However, it is often difficult to obtain airborne LiDAR data before the debris flow area. Thus, this study tries to develop a topographic restoration method that can provide spatial distribution of flowed soil and reconstruct the topography before the debris flow using airborne LiDAR data. The topographic restoration method can express a numerical formula induced from a Gaussian mixture model after extracting the cross sections of linear or non-linear in debris flowed area. The topographic restoration method was verified by two ways using airborne LiDAR data of before and after the debris flow. First, each cross section extracted from the debris flow sites to restore the topography was compared with airborne LiDAR data of before the debris flow. Also, the topographic data produced after the topographic restoration method applied to the debris flow sites was verified by airborne LiDAR DEM. Verifying the results of the topographic restoration method, overall fitting accuracy showed high accuracy close to 0.5m.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 1992

The present study was conducted to find out the changes of progesterone and 20$\alpha$-dihydroprogesterone(20$\alpha$-OHP) levels before and after parturition, 4 pluriparous goats were offered for this experiment. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein on Days, 5, 3, 2 and 1 before parturition, the day of parturition, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 after parturition. The blood samples were centraifuged and stored at -2$0^{\circ}C$ until hormone assay. The serum levels of progesterone and 20$\alpha$-OHP were measrued by radioimmunoassay. The changes of serum progesterone level during peripartum period were characterized as a remarkable decrease. The progesterone level was 4.05$\pm$0.52ng/ml on 56 days before parturition and decreased to 2.24$\pm$0.38ng/ml on 1 day before parturition and 0.79$\pm$0.09ng/ml on the day of parturition and the basal level was maintained through 9 days of postpartum period. The serum level of 20$\alpha$-OHP during the peripartum period was 1.25$\pm$0.21ng/ml on 5 days before paturition and increased to 1.32$\pm$0.25 on 3 days and 1.59$\pm$0.24ng/ml on 1 day before parturition, and reached a peak level of 1.78$\pm$0.25ng/ml just prior to parturition and then decreased greatly to 0.31$\pm$0.03ng/ml on 1 day postpartum and the basal level was remained until 9 days postpartum. The high serum level of 20$\alpha$-OHP, which was peak just prior to parturition, was maintained for 2 days following the onset of remarkable decrease in the serum level of progesterone. From the above results, it was concluded that the enzyme 20$\alpha$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20$\alpha$-HSD) catalyzing the conversion of progesterone to a biologically inactive steroid, 20$\alpha$-OHP was active properly in the luteal cells in Korean native goats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.99-118
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review and analyze the trends in prospective clinical research (PCR), project, clinical study protocol of Korean medicine (KM) for dementia. Methods: We searched PCRs of KM on dementia in six electronical databases, up to January 28, 2021. Moreover, the clinical research protocol and projects of KM for dementia were searched. Results: Total eight PCRs, nine projects, and three clinical study protocols were included. In the PCRs, there were one randomized controlled trial, five before and after study, and two comparative group before-after studies. Four of them used herbal medicine, two used acupuncture, one study used both herbal medicine and acupuncture, and the other one used moxibustion. Jowiseungchung-tang was the most frequently used herbal medicine. BL62, KI6 were used in electro-acupuncture, auricular-Shenmen in auricular acupuncture, and GV20 in moxibustion. The most frequent outcome was Korean-Dementia Rating Scale (K-DRS). One reported significant increase in K-DRS score, one reported 60% improvement, and the other studies mostly reported no significant difference. In the projects including 20 clinical studies of dementia, herbal medicine, integrative medicine and acupuncture were mainly used. In the protocols, herbal medicine, complex KM intervention, and integrative medicine were used. Conclusions: Currently, the number of PCRs of KM for dementia is very scarce. Therefore, the researcher's interest in this field and national research support should be made more, and the quality of clinical research in the future can be further improved by supplementing the limitations of previously published clinical research.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.10
• /
• pp.996-1005
• /
• 2023

Objective: To compare the incidence of aspiration pneumonia, nausea, and vomiting after intravascular administration of nonionic iodinated contrast media (ICM) between patients who fasted before contrast injection and those who did not. Materials and Methods: Ovid-MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from their inception dates until September 2022 to identify original articles that met the following criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials or observational studies, 2) separate reports of the incidence of aspiration pneumonia, nausea, and vomiting after intravascular injection of non-ionic ICM, and 3) inclusion of patients undergoing radiological examinations without fasting. A bivariate beta-binomial model was used to compare the risk difference in adverse events between fasting and non-fasting groups. The I² statistic was used to assess heterogeneity across the studies. Results: Ten studies, encompassing 308013 patients (non-fasting, 158442), were included in this meta-analysis. No cases of aspiration pneumonia were reported. The pooled incidence of nausea was 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4%, 7.8%) in the fasting group and 4.6% (95% CI: 1.1%, 8.1%) in the non-fasting group. The pooled incidence of vomiting was 2.1% (95% CI: 0.0%, 4.2%) in the fasting group and 2.5% (95% CI: 0.7%, 4.2%) in the non-fasting group. The risk difference (incidence in the non-fasting group-incidence in the fasting group) in the incidence of nausea and vomiting was 0.0% (95% CI: -4.7%, 4.7%) and 0.4% (95% CI: -2.3%, 3.1%), respectively. Heterogeneity between the studies was low (I² = 0%-13.5%). Conclusion: Lack of fasting before intravascular administration of non-ionic ICM for radiological examinations did not increase the risk of emetic complications significantly. This finding suggests that hospitals can relax fasting policies without compromising patient safety.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.44-52
• /
• 2023

Background: Previous studies have investigated technology-aided needling training systems for acupuncture on phantom models using various measurement techniques. In this study, we developed and validated a vision-based needling training system (noncontact measurement) and compared its training effectiveness with that of the traditional training method. Methods: Needle displacements during manipulation were analyzed using OpenCV to derive three parameters, i.e., needle insertion speed, needle insertion angle (needle tip direction), and needle insertion length. The system was validated in a laboratory setting and a needling training course. The performances of the novices (students) before and after training were compared with the experts. The technology-aided training method was also compared with the traditional training method. Results: Before the training, a significant difference in needle insertion speed was found between experts and novices. After the training, the novices approached the speed of the experts. Both training methods could improve the insertion speed of the novices after 10 training sessions. However, the technology-aided training group already showed improvement after five training sessions. Students and teachers showed positive attitudes toward the system. Conclusion: The results suggest that the technology-aided method using computer vision has similar training effectiveness to the traditional one and can potentially be used to speed up needling training.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 1961

Ethanol extracts of Mung Bean seeds and seedings were analysed by 2-dimensional and circular paper partion chromatography for Nitrogen compounds as a part of the study on the Amino acids metabolism. In the seeds, 18 ninhydrin positive substances were present, before germination, but the number increased to 21 after germination. There were 3 unknown substances and one of it formed newly after germination. After 2-days germination, the amount of amides, such as Asparagine and Glutamine. where increased very large which were very small amount before it. Those were accumulated more in dark place than in light and the amount of Asparigine were more than that of Glutamine. Through the germination, there were large amount of Glutarmic acid, Aspartic acid and Alanine which seems to be concerned in transamination reaction in seedings. Valine, Leucine, and Phenylalanine increased to considerable amount after germination. This is very remarkable fact as those Amino acids were reported to be concerned in transamination reaction recently. ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid was detected in both Cotyledon and Embroy through the germination. It seemed that there is no any Nitrogen Metabolism in the unbroken seed even if it is preserved very long period.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2021

The causes of climate change are natural and artificial. Natural causes include changes in temperature and sunspot activities caused by changes in solar radiation due to large-scale volcanic activities, while artificial causes include increased greenhouse gas concentrations and land use changes. Studies have shown that excessive carbon use among artificial causes has accelerated global warming. Climate change is rapidly under way because of this. Due to climate change, the frequency and cycle of infectious disease viruses are greater and faster than before. Currently, the world is suffering greatly from coronavirus infection-19 (COVID-19). Korea is no exception. The first confirmed case occurred on January 20, 2020, and the number of infected people has steadily increased due to several waves since then, and many confirmed cases are occurring in 2021. In this study, we conduct a study on climate change before and after COVID-19 using weather data from Korea to determine whether climate change affects infectious disease viruses through logistic regression analysis. Based on this, we want to classify before and after COVID-19 through a logistic regression model to see how much classification rate we have. In addition, we compare monthly classification rates to see if there are seasonal classification differences.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 1986

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the effects of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) on Arthus reaction, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Mice were sensitized iv with 0.1ml of 1% SRBC suspension were treated with a single ip injection of olive oil alone or with different doses of MCA in oil (0.5~50mg/Kg) at various time before (-) or after (+) sensitization (day 0) and were challenged at 4 days after SRBC. Arthus reaction was measured at 3 hours after challenge and other responses at 24 hours. Treatment with MCA inhibited Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC, measured by footpad swelling reaction, and this immunosuppressing effect was dependent on the dose and time of MCA treatment in relation to SRBC sensitization. Humoral immune responses as measured by serum hemagglutinin-and hemolysin-titers to SRBC were significantly depressed when MCA was injected before or at the same time of sensitization. However, the response was slightly depressed when injected after SRBC. These results indicate that MCA suppress the function of the cells involved in immune responses.