• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the symmetrical scapular alignment on the weight bearing of hemiplegic patients in the standing position. Methods: PALM (PALpation Meter) test and Gaitview AFA-50 were used to measure the skeletal alignment of the scapula and the weight bearing loaded on the affected and unaffected sides before and after training. The data was analyzed using a paired t-test on the SPSS 12.0 program for descriptive statistics. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean difference in the scapular alignments on sup. & mid. & inf. area in the hemiplegic side before and after training was $0.93\pm0.50cm$ and $0.58\pm0.43cm$, respectively. There was a significant decrease after training rather than that before (p<0.05). The mean weight bearing on the foot area in the hemiplegic patients before and after training was $9.12\pm5.51N/cm^2$ and $4.36\pm4.11N/cm^2$, respectively,. There was a significant decrease after training rather than that before (p<0.05). The scapuar alignments and weight bearing data on the standing position were grouped around the average (to central point) in the distribution graph. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the symmetrical scapular alignment can serve as an effective means of improving the weight bearing ability of hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.379-387
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was done to identify changes in the image of the nurse for student nurses before and after their first clinical experience. Method: The participants were 108 nursing students who had not had any clinical experience. All participants had their first clinical experience for 1 week. and the image of the nurse was measured before and after the clinical experience. Result : 1) Before the first clinical experience, the scores on the image of the nurse that was the highest for the student nurses was in the professional dimension, followed by traditional, personal, and social in that order. After the clinical experience, the score on the image of the nurse was still the highest in the professional dimension, but this time, it was followed by personal, traditional and social dimension in that order. 2) Difference in the image of the nurse before and after the clinical experience showed statistical significance. The factors influencing this change were the degree of satisfaction with their major, whether the students had ever been hospitalized, and the type of wards where they had their clinical experience. Conclusion: In summary, the first clinical experience should be ideal in order to promote the image of the nurse. Therefore an improvement in the environment for clinical experience is important.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2015

English vowels are difficult to teach and learn because both teachers and learners cannot show or see shapes of vocal tract inside their own mouth cavities. The aim of this study is to examine what kind of changes occur in production and perception of English vowels by college students before and after lessons in order to provide fundamental materials for teaching students English vowels. Fifteen volunteer female students attending an English phonetics course participated in the lessons for one and half a month period. Formant values of vowels produced and perceived before and after the lessons were obtained using Flying Popcorn and Praat. Results showed that a produced vowel space after the lessons was greater than that before the lessons with no significant difference. Distances between some adjacent corner vowels were too close to be distinguished. Secondly, perceived vowels before and after the lessons were almost the same. Here again, some adjacent vowels were closely spaced. Thirdly, three groups which were divided by the length of the distance between the vowel /i-${\ae}$/ showed similar patterns in their perception and production. Generally the vowel space expanded from [u] to [${\ae}$]. The author concluded that there was no drastic improvement of vowel perception and production within a short period of time. Further studies would be desirable to examine how successful any long-term English vowel lessons would be and which methods should be taken to evaluate students' achievements proposed here.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 2022

Many studies using trademark information have suggested that trademark information is good data to monitor business trends. This study intends to analyze the trend change before and after COVID-19 using trademark information. Changes before and after COVID-19 were analyzed by using goods & service classification, similar group code, and designated goods information as trademark information. Among the trademark information, it was statistically significant that the change in trends before and after COVID-19 using designated goods names. To verify the results, the changes in keywords using designated goods names before and after COVID-19 were compared with the frequency of keywords in Google Trends. Among the top 8 keywords extracted from designated goods names, the frequency of Google trend searches for 'online, antibacterial, prevention of epidemics, meal kit, virtual' is on the rise, and 'mask, droplet' is not on the rise, but it increased rapidly at the time of COVID-19, and even after COVID-19, it showed a higher level than before. The frequency of 'unmanned' does not differ much before and after COVID-19, but it has been maintained at a consistently high level, and related businesses have been active since before COVID-19, and it can be interpreted as a keyword with high public interest. This study has academic achievements in that it specifically identified information that could be used in business trends by using three types of trademark information.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore EMT-paramedic students' experience of simulation education and analyze the confidence before and after education, learning attitude and course evaluation. Method: Research survey was conducted on 38 EMT-paramedic students during November, 2011 and EMT-paramedic students' experience of simulation education was analyzed after applying head, spinal, and chest injury scenario. The confidence before and after education, learning attitude and course evaluation in gender were analyzed by Mann-Whitny U test and the difference of confidence before and after education was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test and learning attitude & course evaluation were analyzed by evaluating frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation by using SPSS WIN 17.0 program. Results: 1. Students experienced various advantages such as increasing interest and self-reflection on learning, critical thinking ability, and EMT-paramedic-role experience and recognition of importance of teamwork. Students also pointed out disadvantages such as gap between real situation and simulation, limit of time and equipments, and burden of demonstration. 2. The confidence between before and after education, learning attitude and course evaluation in gender were not significant different statistically. 3. Confidence mean score elevated from 5.53(before education) to 5.87(after education), but the difference in their confidence did not show significant difference statistically. 4. Total mean score in learning attitude after simulation education was 3.70 out of 5.00, which is considerably very high. 5. Total mean score in course evaluation was 3.89 with score of 3.83 in evaluation in learning environment and 3.99 in evaluation of debriefing. Conclusion: The finding of this study demonstrate that the simulation education can provide a safe and repetitive practice environment, improve problem-solving ability and critical thinking, and increase the confidence in prehospital emergency care; therefore, simulation may be the new effective EMT-paramedic education strategy.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of the application of ankle pumping exercise versus elastic compression stockings for the women lower leg edema and pain due to continuous standing work. Methods: The participants were 20 women with leg edema and pain, divided into two group, 10 ankle exercise group and elastic compression stockings group. Low leg circumference were measured before and after work. Ankle pumping exercise group, elastic compression stockings were divided into groups, individual working one week during the arbitration to arbitration and work around the legs before and after retesting were compared before and after arbitration. Arbitration to stop and keep the information a week after the re-measurement of intervention before and after the arbitration and the degree of intervention were maintained. Statistical methods before and after working around the average value of each the legs was repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The participants had edema and leg problems because of their work. The ankle pumping exercise gorup and elastic compression stockings group showed statistically decrease in leg circumference value. there was no statistically value about the lasting effect of intervention after 1 week. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the application of elastic compression stockings and ankle pumping exercises during the hours of work is effective the relief of edema of lower extremity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.111-124
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether physical ability is improved by body stabilization, develop training methods to improve physical fitness factors suitable for body conditions, and provide future management and exercise materials to improve Taekwondo athletes' performance, after conducting the Body stabilization exercise (BSE) program on 22 elementary school Taekwondo athletes for 10 weeks to strengthen core muscles and evaluating Visual response speed test (VRST), Functional movement screen (FMS), Y-Balance test (YBT) and Vital capacity (VC). Methods : In order to examine the impact of the BSE program on Taekwondo athletes' VRST, FMS, YBT and VC this study conducted individual evaluations on all subjects, including VRST, FMS, YBT and VC before applying the programs, and compared exercise effects before and after the program, before and after exercise by a certain period. Results : After exercising, strength and quickness were improved significantly and reaction time was significantly shortened (p<.001). The total score of FMS was improved from 10.86±1.17 before to 11.68±0.99 after exercising, was statistically significant (p=.014). YBT was significantly improved from 91.11±4.84 before to 95.68±5.15 after exercising (p<.001). VC improved was statistically significant (p<.001). Conclusion : In conclusion, the BSE athletic program is expected to help Taekwondo athletes perform well by preventing and reducing injuries through the improvement of muscular strength, strength, speed, agility, step, kick, balance, flexibility, full body endurance and the combination of technical abilities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.330-347
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• 2023

Purpose: This study identified words closely associated with the keyword "dietary supplement" (DS) using big data in Korean social media and investigated consumer perceptions and trends related to DSs before (2019) and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2021). Methods: A total of 37,313 keywords were found for the 2019 period, and 35,336 keywords were found for the 2021 period using blogs and cafes on Daum and Naver. Results were derived by text mining, semantic networking, network visualization analysis, and sentiment analysis. Results: The DS-related keywords that frequently appeared before and after COVID-19 were "recommend", "vitamin", "health", "children", "multiple", and "lactobacillus". "Calcium", "lutein", "skin", and "immunity" also had high frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) values. These keywords imply a keen interest in DSs among Korean consumers. Big data results also reflected social phenomena related to DSs; for example, "baby" and "pregnant woman" had lower TD-IDF values after the pandemic, suggesting lower marriage and birth rates but higher values for "joint", indicating reduced physical activity. A network centered on vitamins and health care was produced by semantic network analysis in 2019. In 2021, values were highest for deficiency and need, indicating that individuals were searching for DSs after the COVID-19 pandemic due to a lack an awareness of the need for adequate nutrient intake. Before the pandemic, DSs and vitamins were associated with healthcare and life cycle-related topics, such as pregnancy, but after the COVID-19 pandemic, consumer interests changed to disease prevention and treatment. Conclusion: This study provides meaningful clues regarding consumer perceptions and trends related to DSs before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and fundamental data on the effect of the pandemic on consumer interest in dietary supplements.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2015

Objective : This study aims to visualize the subjective symptoms before and after the treatment of whiplash injury using infrared (IR) thermography. Methods : IR thermography was performed for 42 patients who were diagnosed with whiplash injury. There were 19 male and 23 female patients. The mean age was 43.12 years. Thermal differences (${\Delta}T$) in the neck and shoulder and changes in the thermal differences (${\Delta}dT$) before and after treatment were analyzed. Pain after injury was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment (${\Delta}VAS$). The correlations between ${\Delta}dT$ and ${\Delta}VAS$ results before and after the treatment were examined. We used Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging equipment of Dorex company for IR thermography. Results : The skin temperature of the neck and shoulder immediately after injury showed $1-2^{\circ}C$ hyperthermia than normal. After two weeks, the skin temperature was normal range. ${\Delta}T$ after immediately injuy was higher than normal value, but it was gradually near the normal value after two weeks. ${\Delta}dT$ before and after treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05). VAS of the neck and shoulder significantly reduced after 2 week (p=0.001). Also, there was significant correlation between ${\Delta}dT$ and reduced ${\Delta}VAS$ (the neck; r=0.412, p<0.007) (the shoulder; r=0.648, p<0.000). Conclusion : The skin temperature of sites with whiplash injury is immediately hyperthermia and gradually decreased after two weeks, finally it got close to normal temperature. These were highly correlated with reduced VAS. IR thermography can be a reliable tool to visualize the symptoms of whiplash injury and the effectiveness of treatment in clinical settings.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.893-906
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to compare pelvic tilt. range of motion(ROM) of hip rotation, and leg length difference before and after manipulation and to investigate correlation between changes of each variables after manipulation of sacroiliac pint in 31 low back pain patients(11 males, 20 females) with sacroiliac pint dysfunction. The sacroiliac pint of patients was manipulated on the side of anterior pelvic tilt, using the technique described by Stoddard(1962) and Greenmann (1996). I used this technique because it usually eliminated sacroiliac Pint dysfunction in one treatment session. SPSS for window computer system was used to analyze the data. Also t-test was performed for comparison of the variables before and after manipulation, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed for changes of each variables after manipulation. The result were as follows: 1. The pelvic tilt after manipulation was significantly decreased(mean=$2.79^{\circ}$) compared with the pelvic tilt before manipulation(p=.001). 2. The PROM of hip internal rotation ipsilateral to anterior pelvic tilt after manipulation significantly decreased (mean = $1.88^{\circ}$) compared with hip internal rotation before manipulation (p=.008). The PROM of hip internal rotation ipsilateral to posterior pelvic tilt after manipulation significantly increased(mean = $1.29^{\circ}$) compared with hip internal rotation before manipulation (p=.029). 3. The PROM of hip external rotation ipsilateral to anterior pelvic tilt after manipulation significantly increased(mean=$2.42^{\circ}$) compared with the hip external rotation before manipulation(p=$2.42^{\circ}$) compared with the hip external rotation ipsilateral to posterior pelvic tilt after manipulation significantly decreased(mean = $1.84^{\circ}$) compared with the hip external rotation before manipulation (p=.008). 4. Leg length difference after manipulation significantly decreased(mean=2.15 mm) compared with leg length difference before manipulation (p=.008). Regression analysis revealed that a fair correlation was found between change in leg length difference and change in anterior pelvic tilt after manipulation(p=.009). 5. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to assess differences of the variables after manipulation. A fair correlation was found between change in leg length difference and change in anterior pelvic tilt after manipulation(r=.462, p<.01). A fair correlation was found between change in anterior pelvic tilt and change in hip internal rotation ipsilateral to anterior pelvic tilt(r=.397, p<.05) and between change in anterior pelvic tilt and change in hip external rotation ipsilateral to anterior pelvic tilt(r=.516, p<.01). A fair correlation was found between change in posterior pelvic tilt and changes in hip internal rotation ipsilateral to posterior pelvic tilt (r=.441, p<.05) and between change in posterior pelvic tilt and change in hip external rotation ipsilateral to posterior pelvic tilt(r=.361, p<.05). A fair correlation was found between change in hip internal rotation ipsilateral to anterior pelvic tilt and change in hip external rotation ipsilateral to posterior pelvic tilt(r=.388, p<.05) and between change in hip internal rotation ipsilateral to posterior pelvic tilt and change in hip internal rotation ipsilateral to anterior pelvic tilt(r=.426. p<.05).