• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 2007

The transesterifications of beef tallow and the mixture of beef tallow and rapeseed oil were conducted at $65^{\circ}C$ respectively using TMAH, NaOH and their mixed catalysts. The reactants were emulsified with 1vol% emulsifier and propylene glycol. The overall conversion of beef tallow was 95% at such optimum conditions as the 1:8 of molar ratio and 0.8 wt% TMAH. The overall conversion of mixed fat at the 1:8 of molar ratio and mixed catalyst of 70 wt% TMAH 30 wt% NaOH was close to 97% which appeared at 0.8 wt% TMAH in 80min. And the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel mixture using the mixed catalyst was $6.5mm^2/s$ at $40^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 1985

AOM and lamp tests were carried out with soybean, corn, palm oil and beef tallow without the addition of antioxidant. The evaluation of rancidity for the stability was determined by changes of peroxide value and acid value, and the correlation between the stability and the composition of fats and oils was examined. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the AOM test, POV began to rise in the order of corn oil, soybean oil, beef tallow and palm oil. However, the time required to reach POV 100 in beef tallow was faster than other fats and oils. It was found that there was a good correlation between POV and content of tocophrol. 2. In the lamp test by light of main wavelength 253.7nm, beef tallow was stabler than soybean and corn oil. It was because the absorption of light into beef tallow was much smaller than others, since beef tallow was fats. Palm oil was very stable in all the samples during AOM and lamp test.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1123-1131
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• 1997

This study examined the effect of dietary lipids and guar gum on lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats. The experimental animals received ovarietomy (OVX). Lipids sources were divided into 3 groups (soybean oil(SB), beef tallow(BT)) and fish oil(FO)) and guar gum was supplemented to each lipid diet (SBG, BTG, FOG). Experimental diets were fed to therats for 16 weeks. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the BT group and lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group .Serum total cholesterol (Tc) and HDL-C levels were lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group. Serum LDL-C and phospholipid levels were lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group. Serum lipids levels were lowered by guar gum supplement. Serum SFA(saturated fatty acids) contents were not significantly influenced by dietary lipids and guar gum. Serum MUFA(monounsaturated fatty acids) contents were the lowest in the SB group. Fecal weight was highest in the beef tallow group and lowest in the fish oil group. Fecal weight was increased by guar gum supplement in all lipid groups. Total bile acid content in feces was increased by guar gum supplement in the soybean oil and beef tallow groups. The endothelial cells of the beef tallow group changed from a flat shape to distorted round and enlarged shapes. The subendothelial layer was the thickness the thickest in the beef tallow group ; the interspace between elastic lamina was widened and elastic lamina was straightened and partly disrupted . The fish oil group showed more porminient endothelial cells and subendothelial layer. Internal elastic membrane and elastic lamina exhibited regularly wavy shapes. Guar gum supplement showed positive effects in all lipids groups. Based on the above results , it is suggested that beef tallow increased serum TG levels and injured the wall of the aorta. On the other hand, fish oil , which decreased serum lipid levels, has a positive effect on the walls of the aorta. Guar gum protects the aorta from injury by reducing the serum lipid levels. Therefore, it is suggested that soybean oil and beef tallow consumed with guar gum is beneficial.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.310-314
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• 2013

This study investigated the utilization of beef tallow and dextrin as non-protein energy sources in the diet of juvenile far eastern catfish Silurus asotus. Three replicated groups of juveniles (initial mean weight of 3.6 g) were fed diets containing high levels of beef tallow or dextrin for six weeks. The final mean weight of fish fed on a 17% lipid diet with a high level of beef tallow was significantly higher than that of fish fed on a 9% lipid diet with a high level of dextrin (P=0.04). No significant differences were observed in the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed on the experimental diets. Crude lipid content and the C18:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 contents of whole-body fish were significantly affected by diet (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that beef tallow is better than dextrin as a non-protein energy source for improving the growth of juvenile far eastern catfish, and that beef tallow could be economically used as an ingredient in practical feed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 1987

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E supplement and kinds of lipid on the vitamin E concentration and lipid composition in serum of the rats fed fro seven weeks. Supplemented vitamin E was 300mg/kg diet as DL-α-tocopherol acetate, and 15% of corn oil or beef tallow was added to standard diet. The results were as follows ; 1) Body weight and feed efficiency ratio were significantly increased by supplement with vitamin E, corn oil and beef tallow. 2) Serum vitamin E concentration increased significantly by supplement of vitamin E and beef tallow on the diets, while one of corn oil fed group decreased significantly . 3) The contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, phospholipid in serum were significantly increased in the beef tallow group, and the vitamin E only -supplemented group showed significantly lower serum cholesterol in serum increased significantly in the vitamin E only -fed group and vitamin E plus corn oil-fed group. 4) The content of HDL-cholesterol in serum increased significantly in the vitamin E only -fed group and vitmain e plus corn oil -fed group. 5) The ratio of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol content to HDL-cholesterol one in serum was significantly low in the vitamin E only-supplemented group and corn oil group, and was significantly higher in the beef tallow group than in the corn oil group.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.675-678
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• 2001

Calcium stearate was produced by this method was purified and recovered through new method. Lipolase 100-T was used to produce calcium stearate from hydrogenated beef tallow. This process was optimized major factor of two, temperature and enzyme concentration. The temperature was optimized in $60^{\circ}C$ and enzyme concentration was 0.6wt% of hydrogenated beef tallow.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2024

Purpose: The carbohydrate-restricted diet has been recognized to be effective into preventing and alleviating lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The rare sugar ᴅ-allulose is a functional monosaccharide with anti-obesity effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary ᴅ-allulose on body fat accumulation in rats fed severely carbohydrate-restricted diets containing high concentrations of different fats, beef tallow, or soybean oil. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 35, 3-week-old) were divided into 5 groups: One chow-fed control (C) group, and four carbohydrate-restricted groups, namely, beef tallow (B), beef tallow + ᴅ-allulose (BA), soybean oil (S), and soybean oil + ᴅ-allulose (SA), with free access to the diet and water for 8 weeks. The B and BA diets contained 23% beef tallow and 2% soybean oil, whereas the S and SA diets contained 25% soybean oil. Furthermore, the BA and SA diets contained 5% ᴅ-allulose. Results: The final body weight, weight gain, and food intake were significantly higher, and food efficiency was significantly lower in the control group compared to the other carbohydrate-restricted groups. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue, carcass fat, and total body fat weights were not influenced by dietary fat type or ᴅ-allulose supplementation, except for the epididymal adipose tissue weight. In contrast, carbohydrate restriction suppressed body weight gain in rats, but remarkably increased body fat accumulation. Conclusion: Under carbohydrate-restricted conditions, no anti-obesity effects of dietary ᴅ-allulose were observed, regardless of the dietary fat type. The causes of these effects are unknown. However, they may be influenced by a very low carbohydrate and high protein diet. Further research is required to elucidate the effects of ᴅ-allulose under various nutrient compositions with different fat, carbohydrate, and protein energy ratios.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2002

Alteration in the syntesis or enhanced inactivation of nitric oxide(NO) can induce impairment of endothelial cell function. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) is characterized by impaired endothelial function and vascular disease. NO is produced through L-arginine pathway To elucidate the hypothesis that the decreased production on NO in IDDM reflects vascular damage and the NO production can be manipulated by either dietary fat(7% of kg diet) or the oral supplementation with L-arginine(2g/kg bw), plasma markers for vascular endothelial damage and plasma lipid profiles were measured in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic or normal Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks(SO : soybean oil, SOA: soybean oil + L-arginine supplementation, BT : beef tallow, BTA_ beef tallow + L-arginine supplementation, OV olive oil, OVA : olive oil + L-arginine supplementation). Plasma glucose, total cholesterel, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. Endothelial markers, plasma von Willebrand factor(vWf), thromboxane B$_2$, and 6-keto PGF1$\alpha$ of aorta were measured by ELISA. Plasma NO production was evaluated through the measurement of nitrite by EIA. Feeding saturated fatty acid(SFA, BT) increased relative liver size(RLS) in diabetic rats compared to either polyunsatunted fatty acid(PUFA, SO) or monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA, OV) The supplementation of L-arginine inhibited the liver and kidney enlargement in olive oil find diabetic rats. Plasma glucose was lower in diabetic animal find the olive oil compared to fed beef tallow and the supplementation L-arginine decreased it in diabetic rats find beef tallow significantly(p < 0.05). Plasma TXB$_2$ levels were increased due to diabetes and the value of beef tallow group showed highest value. Plasma vWf concentration of beef tallow group was higher value in normal rats and was elevated more in diabetes. In diabetic groups, the vWf concentration of olive oil group was lower than beef tallow or soybean oil group. The supplementation of L-arginine in diabetic rats decreased plasma TXB$_2$ and vWf levels significantly(p < 0.05). NO production was higher in normal olive oil fed rats and was tend to be decreased in diabetic rats and the supplementation of L-arginine recovered to normal value(p < 0.05), Olive oil supplemented with L-arginine tended to lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after 4 week treatment. These results suggest that generalized vascular endothelial changes based on plasma TXB$_2$and vWf occurs in diabetic rats. and olive oil with L-arginine supplementation contributes to a better control of the hyperglycemia, endothelial changes and hypercholesterolemia accompanying diabetes as compared with beef tallow or soy bean oil in this rat model.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 1991

Reef tallow was hydrolyzed with lipase under the conditions of liquid state and solid state. Lipase OF 360 was used for that purpose, and the lipase had the maximum activity when the olive oil was used as a substrate at pH 6 and $37^{\circ}C$. Beef tallow was dispersed by an agitator to perform a liquid enzymatic reaction. Water content, reaction temperature, and enzyme amount were varied as parameters affecting hydrolysis percentage. Ninety three percents of tallow were hydrolyzed at the following conditions: water content 80% w/w, temperature $37^{\circ}C$, and enzyme amount 200 unitlg tallow. In order to conduct a solid phase enzymatic reaction, sonication was employed for pretreating tallow with the enzyme solution. Molten tallow was sonified with the enzyme solution, and solidified by lowering temperature. And then hydrolysis reaction proceeded at $30^{\circ}C$. Sonication intensity and time were varied to control hydrolysis percentage. Optimum values of the intensity and the time were found to exist since the hydrolysis percentage did not increase further according to the increases of the intensity and the time.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 1989

The research was designed to study the effect of different fat sources and levels on Body lipid metabolizm and immune responses in Sprague-Dawely strain male rats. These effect of different fat sources compared with sesame Oil, Perilla oil and Beet tallow. Fat sources were divided into 3 groups respectively 7%, 15%, 30% fat level on diet weight basis. The experimental period was 54days. 1) The body weight gain was significantly low in NF group. In Sesame oil group and perilla oil group, low fat level groups were higher than medium, high fat level groups. But in Beef tallow group, high fat level groups were higher than low and Medium groups. 2) The weight of liver, kidney and epididymal fat ped tend to increse with increasing body weight. 3) The contents of triglyceride and total lipid in serum were significantly different with dietary fat sources and Perilla oil group was the lowest. 4) The contents of triglyceride and total lipid in liver were significantly different with dietary fat levels and high fat level group was higher than low fat level group. 5) Perilla oil group, compared with Beef tallow group, showed the higher excretion of cholesterol through feces and the higher deposit of cholesterol in liver. Therefore serum cholesterol level of Perilla oil group was lower than that of Beef tallow group. But eventhough Sesame oil is vegetable oil, Sesame oil did not showed an effect like Perllia oil on serum cholesterol level. 6) Weight of thymus decreased with fat levels particularly in vegetale oil. And it had on effect on mitogen response, mitogen response decreased with fat level in vegetable oil. But in Beef tallow, there was no difference in fat level.