• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2009

The effects of the cation-to-anion resin ratio and bed depth on ion exchange performance of mixed-bed were studied at ultralow solution concentration. Breakthrough curves were experimentally obtained for NaCI solution as functions of resin ratio and bed depth. The bed depth affects the pattern of the sodium breakthrough curve but not the chloride breakthrough curve in beds because of the selectivity difference. Resin selectivity determines the shape of breakthrough curves, Some sodium and chloride breakthrough curves crossed at a point as a function of resin ratio. The lower cation-to-anion resin ratio showed the higher effluent concentration or treated volume of the crossover point regardless of the total resin weight.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2016

본 연구는 급경사 자갈하상 만곡수로의 이동상 수리실험을 이용하여 만곡부 최대세굴심 산정공식들의 적용성을 평가하였다. 평균입경 43mm의 하천자갈을 $90^{\circ}$ 만곡 급경사 개수로에 포설하고 유량과 하상경사에 따른 만곡부의 최대세굴심을 조사하고 세굴심 공식으로 산정한 최대세굴심과 비교하였다. 자갈하상 만곡부 국부세굴은 유입부의 하상경사 0.02이상 $F_r$ 0.95이상에서 발생하였다. 이 수로에서 Lacey공식과 Zeller공식을 제외한 기존 세굴심 산정공식들은 최대세굴심을 과대 추정하는 것으로 나타났다. 하상재료를 고려한 Lacey공식과 접근경사와 만곡도를 반영한 Zeller공식은 급경사 자갈하상 만곡부의 최대세굴심 평가에 적용될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.429-433
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• 2004

According to researchers, the influential factors of scouring are generally divided into three factors: the flow conditions, the type and position of structures, and the characteristics of bed materials. In addition, scouring is affected by the 3-dimensional turbulent boundaries, the unsteady flow, the movement of sediment in the scour-hole area, the approach flow velocity and depth, the width of bridge foundation/pier, and the particle size of bed materials. However, it is difficult to estimate the scour depth near bridge piers when all conditions are factored in at once. Therefore, for reasonably accurate estimates of scour depth, it is essential to consider sufficiently the flow force and resisting force for scour. That is, to determine the shear stress concerning the bed material distribution is needed. In this study, the experiments were performed under the condition of a steady state of flow. As a result, scouring occurred at velocity ratios of 0.476,$(V/V_c=0.476)$, and the scour depth was increased linearly as the velocity ratio increased. in addition, the average values of shear stress ratio at zero scouring depth in both rectangular and circular piers were approximately 7$(\tau_c/\tau_{approach})$ and in the case for same size bed particle material. The results of this study can be used for the fundamental material for estimating the scour depth of bed materials.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2000

En coastal area, many submarine facilities such as pipes and cables are installed on/under the sea bed. Also, there are heavy traffic due to numerous vessels which call in ports or navigate passages in adjacent water. Therefore, the frequency of dropping anchors will be increased to avoid various dangerous situations. When an anchor is dropped from vessel on the sea bed, the anchor strikes on the sea bed, and then, the anchor penetrates to certain depth into the sea bed. In this case, sometimes submarine facilities on/under the sea bed may be damaged by the strike or the maximum penetrating depth of anchor. In this paper, some approximate equations on the strike and the penetrating depth of anchors have been derived on the basis of actual data, and the results are expected to use as basic design data of related facilities.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.886-895
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• 1993

Experimental were conducted to obtain information on the effect of airflow rates and bed depths on the resistance of coffee cherries and coffee beans available locally (Coffea Liberica). The airflow used were in the range of 0.06 to 0.6 cu. m/s-sq.m. The moisture content of the coffee cherries ranged from 10 % to 50% (wet basis) and that of coffee beans ranged from 12% to 30% )wet basis). Two methods of filling were used i.e. loose fill and packed fill. Pressure drops across the material bed in a vertical column were measured at several depths using inclined manometer. The pressure drop increased directly with air flow rate as well as bed depths. The effects of air flowrates and moisture contents on the resistance in terms of pressure drip per unit bed depth were analysed. The pressure drop per unit depth across the material bed varied slightly due to different depth. The resistance to airflow decreased with the increase in moisture content for loose fill. However, the effect of moisture content is not apparent for packed fill.

• Carbon letters
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2001

The advanced method for $CO_2$capture is currently one of the most important environmental issues in worldwide and it is therefore necessary to have available technologies, which minimize the discharge of $CO_2$ including Carbon-14 from nuclear facilities into the atmosphere. A key aspect of this work is to provide the technically principal data required to improve a $CO_2$ removal system for the utilization of regenerative sorbent use, specifically include suggestions regarding its modified column design (parallel dual-bed assembly), stop-restart operation and the economic feasibility of sorbent use. The removal performance of soda lime and the effects of relative humidity (RH) and packing bed-depth (BD) on $CO_2$ removal were investigated. In a single-bed, it revealed that the utilization of soda lime for $CO_2$ removal at line velocity of 13 cm/sec and bed depth of 12 cm increased with the increased relative humidity up to 85%. However, in the parallel dual-bed assembly applied with the stop-restart operation, a maximum utilization rate of soda lime for $CO_2$ removal was obtained even at 55% of RH and 8 cm of BD, specifically the utilization rate of soda lime by using this $CO_2$ removal assembly was about two-fold superior to that in a single-bed.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.721-729
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• 1997

교량지점에서의 총세굴깊이는 세가지 성분 즉, 장기하상변동, 단면축소세굴, 그리고 국부세굴로 구성된다. 그러므로 장기하상변도의 분석은 교량지점에서의 총세굴깊이를 산정하는데 있어 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 CHARIMA모형과 HEC-6모형을 사용하여 남한강교 지점에서의 장기하상변동을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 5년 동안 정상류로 물이 흐를 경우 CHARIMA모형은 약 45cm의 하상고의 상승을 보여준 반면 HEC-6모형은 약 5cm정도 하상고가 저하되고 있음을 보여주었다. 5년 동안 부정류로 물이 흐를 경우 두 모형 모두 하상고가 심하게 변동됨을 보여주고 따라서 총세굴깊이 산정에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러므로 총세굴깊이를 적절하게 산정하기 위해서는 단면축소세굴과 국부세굴뿐만 아니라 장기하상변동 또한 정확히 산정해야 하겠다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2004

A metal fiber bed has seldom been applied to the practical filtration process despite its excellent mechanical and chemical stability. The filter-bed used in this work was highly porous with open structure, of which apparent porosity was 80 ∼ 90%. Although pressure loss across the filter-bed was very low, separation efficiency was found to be quite high. This paper focuses on the basic filtration mechanisms of a metal filter-bed and a thin ceramic filter from fly ash for reference. The experimental parameters were face velocity, dust loading and porosity of filter-bed. Pressure drop increased with increasing face velocity and dust feeding load for both filters. It also showed that dust particles deposited in the deep flow path, finally resulting in clogging the pore channels. It thereby indicates that the dominating mechanism of the metal filter-bed would be depth filtration. Meanwhile, the thin fly ash composite filters trapped the aerated dust mainly on the surface of the filter medium, so that the instantaneously formed dust layer might cause a steep increase of pressure drop across the filtration system.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2009

Reid and Kajiura(1957)은 해저면에 무한한 깊이의 투수층이 존재할 경우에의 파의 감쇠율을 유도하였다. 본 연구에서는 유한한 깊이의 투수층이 존재할 경우에의 파의 감쇠율을 선형파이론을 이용하여 유도하였다. 그리고 이를 확장하여 해저면에 재질이 다른 2 층 또는 3 층의 투수층이 존재할 경우에 파의 감쇠율을 제시하였다. 다음으로 이를 완경사 방정식에 적용하여, 해저면에 투수층이 존재할 경우에의 파의 투과율을 계산하였으며, 1층 투수층이 존재할 경우의 수치계산결과를 Flaten and Rygg(1991)의 적분식 방법과 비교하여 검증하였다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2017

하도의 흐름 저항, 측벽 보정, 유사량, 하도 침식과 퇴적, 하도 설계 등의 수리학적 문제는 하상전단응력의 분포와 밀접한 관계가 있으나 하상전단응력 분포를 측정하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 간편하게 하상전단응력을 측정할 수 있는 프레스톤튜브를 이용하여 복단면의 하도의 하상전단응력 분포를 측정하고 수심비에 따른 전단응력분포 특성을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 프레스톤튜브를 제작하여 검정실험을 통해 검정식을 개발하였다. 실험은 5가지 수심비 조건에 대해서 수행하여 전단응력분포를 측정하였다. 복단면 하도의 전단응력분포 특성은 기존 실험연구와 대체로 일치하였으며, 레이놀즈수 증가로 발생하는 전단응력의 변동성, 주수로 전단응력의 변곡점 형성, 홍수터 접합부 부근 전단응력 분포 특성 등에서 차이점을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 프레스톤튜브를 이용한 하상전단응력측정 적용성을 확인하였으며 레이놀즈수와 수심비에 따른 복단면 하도의 전단응력분포 특성을 제시하였다.