• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2020

Patients diagnosed with cancer face mental problems such as alienation, isolation, anxiety about death and fear, recovering from psychological difficulties. In this study, a forest healing program was provided for cancer patients to recover from psychological stress, depression, social isolation and self-esteem caused by cancer and changes in salivary cortisol through psychological and emotional recovery were measured. From September 19 to November 28, 2017, a forest healing program composed of a total of 10 sessions, two hours per session was provided for 12 cancer patients in the Forest of Taegyo located in Yongin. Psychological tests were performed with Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS), Korean-version Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 18.0. The salivary cortisol level was measured along with the psychological tests and were analyzed by a specialized testing agency. The results of the analysis showed that the pre- and post-assessment score of SASS was 29.17 and 25.92, respectively, and that the pre- and post-assessment score of PSS was 30.50 and 23.92, respectively. The pre- and post-assessment score of BDI was 41.00 and 34.83, respectively, which showed significant differences. In addition, the pre- and post-assessment level of saliva cortisol was 3.13 and 1.68, respectively, showing a significant decrease. In short, the forest healing program was found to be effective in reducing physiological changes caused by social isolation and stress due to the emotional and psychological difficulties that the subjects who were diagnosed with cancer and were recovering from it have. In the future, it will be necessary to develop and implement a forest healing program by conducting a forest healing requirement survey on cancer patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-92
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• 2010

Objectives The relationship between depression, obesity, life style of adolescents has been reported, but the results were not consistent. Thus this study was designed to find out the relationship. Methods The participants were the first and second grade middle school students. The participants were asked to measure their height and weight etc, and were asked to survey questionnaires. To diagnose the students' degree of depression, Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) by Kovas and Beck. Results The average depression score in the obese group was significantly higher than that of the normal body weight group. In addition, male obese group scored higher on CDI than the female obese group, and the obese group of participants who don't exercise, but like to play computer games and watch TV scored higher on CDI than the group who exercise and don't play computer games. Conclusions This study proved that depression in adolescent was closely related with obesity and obesity-related lifestyles. "The research was supported by the Kyung Hee University Research Fund in 2007"(KHU-20071638).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parent-bonding patterns and family environmental variables on adolescents' depression. the subjects were college students in Taegu, An-dong, and Pusan city. the adolescents' depression, parent-bonding style, and family environmental variables were measured by BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), PBII(Parent-Bondning Instrument), Family environmental scale. The data were analyzed by Frequency and Regression analysis. The results were as follow. First, in parent-bonding styles, the frequencies of mother's care and overprotection wee higher than those of father's Second, a half of all subjects were under the state of depression ranging from low level to high level. Third, the satisfaction of family life amomg family environmental variables had the most effects on PBI. fourth, the degree of adolescents' depression was affected by family satisfaction, parents' occupation, monthly income, and mother's overprotection n parent-bonding style and family environmental variables.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 1996

This study explored the influence of the attributional style on depression among university students with the mediators of self-esteem and social support(number & satisfaction). It was hypothesized that self-esteem and the number and satisfaction of social support would mediate the relationship between attributional style and depression. Data were collected from 226 university students and analyzed by using a series of path analyses. The following scales were used; Attributional style questionnaire, Self-esteem scale, Social support questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory. Results indicated that self-esteem mediated the relationship between attributional style for positive and negative outcomes and depression. The findings were discussed in the relation to the effects of attributional style on self-esteem, social support, and depression.

• Mood & Emotion
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

Objective : To present effects of depression, optimism and gratitude on suicidal ideation of patients with depressive disorders. Methods : Using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) were compared between depressive disorder patients with higher and lower levels of suicidal ideations. A linear regression model was fitted to detect independent correlates for suicidal ideations. Results : Significantly greater level of depression and lower level of gratitude were characterized by depressive disorder patients with higher level of suicidal ideations. The fitted regression model presented that depression and gratitude were independent correlates for suicidal ideations in patients with depressive disorders. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that gratitude may be associated with lowering the level of suicidal ideation in patients with depression.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

Objectives : The objective of this study was to compare the parent-child relationship of adolescents with depression and those without depression, by using Parent-Child Relationship Instrument (PCRI), Family Relationship Scale (FRS), and Parenting Attitude Test-Youth (PAT-Y). We also investigated the association between the parent-child relationship and depressive symptoms. Methods : Twenty-five adolescents with depression (age $15.0{\pm}2.1years$, 8 boys) and 24 adolescents without depression (age $13.7{\pm}1.3years$, 16 boys) completed the Adolescent-General Behavior Inventory (A-GBI), Adolescent-Mood Disorder Questionnaire (A-MDQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), PCRI, and PAT-Y. The parents of subjects completed the Child Behavior Checklist, Parent-General Behavior Inventory 10-item Mania Scale (P-GBI-10M), Parent-Mood Disorder Questionnaire, and FRS. Independent t-tests, analysis of covariance, and partial correlation analysis were used. Results : The Intimacy (p=.002) and Respect (p=.029) scores of the PCRI were significantly higher in adolescents without depression compared to those with depression. The Intimacy scores of the PCRI showed negative correlation with the BDI and P-GBI-10M and the Strictness scores of the PCRI showed positive correlation with the A-GBI, A-MDQ, and BDI. The Inconsistency, Punishment, and Excessive Expectation scores of the PAT-Y showed positive correlation with the A-GBI and BDI scores. Conclusion : Our results suggest a possible association of the parent-children relationship and parenting attitude with adolescents' depressive symptoms.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report that a patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) significantly responds to Korean medical treatments and psychotherapy.Methods We treated the patient with Korean medical treatments (acupuncture and herbal medication) and Melonis Calyx Vomiting Therapy. We also used psychotherapy including Li-Gyeung-Byun-Qi therapy. The patient was diagnosed by DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for OCD. We used Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised-Korean (OCI-R-K), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to evaluate the patient.Results OCI-R-K score was decreased from 39 points to 9 points. BDI score was decreased from 14 points to 6 points. BAI score was decreased from 25 points to 13 points.Conclusions This study suggests that Korean medical treatment is an effective way to treat patients who suffer from OCD.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

Background : Some reports have suggested that decreased nitric oxide metabolites($NO_x$) and activity of nitric oxide synthase could be related to the pathophysiology of depression. We evaluated plasma levels of $NO_x$ in pregnant women with and without postpartum depression at prenatal and postnatal period. Methods : The plasma concentrations of $NO_x$ were measured in 104 pregnant women in the third trimester and at 6 weeks postpartum and in 64 normal controls. The severity of depression and anxiety was measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), and Beck Anxiety Scale(BAI). Results : Plasma $NO_x$ levels at 6 weeks postpartum were significantly lower in cases of postpartum major depression(EDPS scores${\geq}$13 points) than in cases without depression(EDPS scores${\leq}$9 points). Plasma $NO_x$ levels had significantly negative correlation with EPDS scores at 6 weeks postpartum. Conclusion : We demonstrate that decreased plasma $NO_x$ is associated with postpartum depression. Further studies are required to determine whether individual serum concentration of plasma $NO_x$ alone could predict maternal depression.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of the present study was to examine whether anxiety and depression of children and mothers were associated with the children's medically unexplained somatic symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods : 83 clinic-referred boys with ADHD and 52 boys without ADHD were included in this study. The frequency of the medically unexplained somatic symptoms, such as general-ache, headache, nausea, eye problems, skin problems, abdominal pain, vomiting was evaluated using the somatic symptom domain of the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL). Children's anxiety and depression were evaluated using Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) for children. Maternal anxiety and depression were measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI). Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesis. Results : Score of maternal state anxiety affects the T score of the somatic symptom domain in CBCL significantly(adjusted $R^2$=0.057 ; p=0.026). Conclusion : The frequency of medically unexplained somatic symptom of children perceived by mothers was associated with the high level of maternal state anxiety in ADHD. Frequent maternal report of the children's somatic symptom may be a warrant for the evaluation and management of the maternal state anxiety in ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.182-193
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate correlation of adolescent eating attitude and psychological factors which might influence the eating attitude such as depression, aggression and impulsiveness. The author also tried to identify relationship between adolescent eating attitude and biological factors such as serum cholesterol level and triglyceride level. Two hundred and forty one female high school students without physical disorder were selected as study subjects. For the study, Eating Attitude Test-26KA (EAT -26KA), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) -Korean version, Barrat Impulsiveness scale (BIS) -Korean version, and Buss-DurKee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) -Korean version were used. Serum cholesterol level and triglyceride level were also investigated. For the purpose of identifying factors which could influence eating attitude of adolescence, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was done. Total score of BDHI could be most significant factor to explain eating attitude, and BDI, serum cholesterol/triglyceride level be second, third position respectively. But, BIS was not significant predicting parameter. The contributing portion of these factors to explain eating behavior was 25.9%.