• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.521-527
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• 2005

In the past decades, complain about ground vibration and noise induced by pile driving has been quickly increased. Because of that, auger drilled piling methods have frequently used specially in urban area. However, the present auger drilled piling methods induce inevitable ground disturbance as well as a certain degree of vibration and noise due to the final hammering. For these reasons, a new auger drilled piling method is required to be developed. This paper introduces PDT(Pulse Discharge Technology) piling method and presents the characteristics of bearing capacity. The PDT piling method is to install in-situ piles using electric power so called Pulse. The pile installed by PDT appears to be able to develop shaft and end bearing capacity efficiently.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1203-1208
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• 2007

In the past decades, complain about ground vibration and noise induced by pile driving has been quickly increased. Because of that, auger drilled piling methods have frequently used specially in urban area. However, the present auger drilled piling methods induce inevitable ground disturbance as well as a certain degree of vibration and noise due to the final hammering. For these reasons, a new auger drilled piling method is required to be developed. This paper introduces PDT(Pulse Discharge Technology) piling method and presents the characteristics of bearing capacity. The PDT piling method is to install in-situ piles using electric power so called Pulse. The pile installed by PDT appears to be able to develop shaft and end bearing capacity efficiently. This paper introduces PDT(Pulse Discharge Technology) piling method, which is the 512nd new construction technology. The PDT piling method is to install in-situ piles using electrical power so called Pulse power. The pulse power is physical value that indicates the energy change per unit time(dE/dt). Since the pulse power is to push ground, using the pulse power is enable a hole to be expanded as well as the ground to be improved by compaction. Therefore, The pile installed by PDT appears to be able to develop shaft and end bearing capacity efficiently. In this study, couples of pile loading tests were carried out to figure out whether or not the PDT piling method is applicable to constructions like rail road facility. As a result, it was concluded that the PDT piling technique meet the requirements for such a rail road related construction.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.771-784
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the stochastic response of isolated and non-isolated highway bridges subjected to spatially varying earthquake ground motion model. This model includes wave passage, incoherence and site response effects. The wave passage effect is examined by using various wave velocities. The incoherency effect is investigated by considering the Harichandran and Vanmarcke coherency model. The site response effect is considered by selecting homogeneous firm, medium and soft soil types where the bridge supports are constructed. The ground motion is described by power spectral density function and applied to each support point. Triple concave friction pendulum (TCFP) bearing which is more effective than other seismic isolation systems is used for seismic isolation. To implement seismic isolation procedure, TCFP bearing devices are placed at each of the support points of the deck. In the analysis, the bridge selected is a five-span featuring cast-in-place concrete box girder superstructure supported on reinforced concrete columns. Foundation supported highway bridge is regarded as three regions and compared its different situation in the stochastic analysis. The stochastic analyses results show that spatially varying ground motion has important effects on the stochastic response of the isolated and non-isolated bridges as long span structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.959-982
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• 2015

In this study, a non-stationary random earthquake Clough-Penzien model is used to describe earthquake ground motion. Using stochastic direct integration in combination with an equivalent linear method, a solution is established to describe the non-stationary response of lead-rubber bearing (LRB) system to a stochastic earthquake. Two parameters are used to develop an optimization method for bearing design: the post-yielding stiffness and the normalized yield strength of the isolation bearing. Using the minimization of the maximum energy response level of the upper structure subjected to an earthquake as an objective function, and with the constraints that the bearing failure probability is no more than 5% and the second shape factor of the bearing is less than 5, a calculation method for the two optimal design parameters is presented. In this optimization process, the radial basis function (RBF) response surface was applied, instead of the implicit objective function and constraints, and a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm was used to solve the optimization problems. By considering the uncertainties of the structural parameters and seismic ground motion input parameters for the optimization of the bearing design, convex set models (such as the interval model and ellipsoidal model) are used to describe the uncertainty parameters. Subsequently, the optimal bearing design parameters were expanded at their median values into first-order Taylor series expansions, and then, the Lagrange multipliers method was used to determine the upper and lower boundaries of the parameters. Moreover, using a calculation example, the impacts of site soil parameters, such as input peak ground acceleration, bearing diameter and rubber shore hardness on the optimization parameters, are investigated.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

회전관입형 말뚝은 말뚝설치 시 주변 흙의 변위가 발생하는 변위 말뚝으로 큰 지지력 및 인발력을 발휘할 수 있다. 또한 비배토 공법으로 슬라임이 발생하지 않고 시공 중 소음, 진동이 작아 환경친화적인 특성이 있어 외국의 경우 적용사례가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 말뚝을 직접적으로 항타하는 항타말뚝, 선굴착 후 기 제작된 말뚝을 지중에 매입하는 매입말뚝이 주로 적용되고 있으며 회전관입형 말뚝의 사용은 제한적으로 이루어지고 있다. 지금까지 실시된 대부분의 실내시험에서는 말뚝을 설치한 후 지반을 조성하여 지지거동을 평가함에 따라 회전관입형 말뚝의 회전관입과정으로 인한 지지거동의 규명은 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 풍화토를 대상으로 회전관입과정을 모사한 실내실험을 실시하여 풍화토에 대한 지지력 거동을 평가하고자 하였으며, 더불어 나선형 판의 직경, 나선형 판의 간격, 나선형판의 개수, 나선형 판의 제원 등을 변화시켜가며 지지 거동을 평가하였다. 연구결과를 통하여 나선형 강관말뚝의 지지력 평가 결과 및 주요 제원에 따른 지지력 변화와 기존이론과의 비교분석 결과를 제시하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2018

Base-isolated nuclear power plant (BI-NPP) structures are founded on expanded basemat as a flexible floating nuclear island, are still lacking the recommendation of the consideration of incoherent motion effect. The effect of incoherent earthquake motion on the seismic response of BI-NPP structure has been investigated herein. The incoherency of the ground motions is applied by using an isotropic frequency-dependent spatial correlation function to perform the conditional simulation of the reference design spectrum compatible ground motion in time domain. Time history analysis of two structural models with 486 and 5 equivalent lead plug rubber bearing (LRB) base-isolators have been done under uniform excitation and multiple point excitation. two different cases have been considered: 1) Incoherent motion generated for soft soil and 2) Incoherent motion generated for hard rock soil. The results show that the incoherent motions reduce acceleration and the lateral displacement responses and the reduction is noticeable at soft soil site and higher frequencies.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.992-1002
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 Monte Carlo 새뮬레이션 기법을 이용하여 지반가속도의 스펙트 럼 밀도함수(power spectral densities)로부터 여섯 성분의 지반가속도 시간이력곡선 을 얻고, 이들을 입력 데이터로 하여 운동방정식에 Newmark의 직접적분법을 이용하여 회전축-베어링 시스템의 응답상태벡터(response state vector)를 얻기로 한다. 충분 히 많은 수의 지반가속도 시간이력곡선을 시뮬레이션하고, 각 경우에 대응하는 응답상 태벡터들을 얻은 다음 일반적인 통계학 방법을 적용하여 평균함수, 표준편차 및 r.m.s (root mean square)등을 얻는다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2016

The Eradi Quake System (EQS) is a seismic isolation bearing system designed to minimize forces and displacements experienced by structures subjected to ground motion. The EQS dissipates seismic energy through friction of Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) disk pad. In general, a force-displacement relationship of EQS has post yield stiffness hardening during large inelastic displacement. In this study, seismic responses of seismically isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) subjected to design basis earthquake (DBE) and beyond design basis earthquakes (150% DBE and 167% DBE) are compared considering the post yield stiffness hardening effect of EQS. From the results, it can be observed that if the post-yield stiffness hardening effect of EQS is increased, the displacement response of EQS is reduced, and the acceleration and shear responses of containment structures of NPP is increased.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.192-205
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• 2020

Seismic design practices and seismic response analyses of civil structures and nuclear power plants (NPPs) have conventionally used the peak ground acceleration (PGA) or spectral acceleration (S_a) as an intensity measure (IM) of an earthquake. However, there are many other earthquake IMs that were proposed by various researchers. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between seismic responses of NPP components and 23 earthquake IMs and identify the best IMs for correlating with damage of NPP structures. Particularly, low- and high-frequency ground motion records are separately accounted in correlation analyses. An advanced power reactor NPP in Korea, APR1400, is selected for numerical analyses where containment and auxiliary buildings are modeled using SAP2000. Floor displacements and accelerations are monitored for the non- and base-isolated NPP structures while shear deformations of the base isolator are additionally monitored for the base-isolated NPP. A series of Pearson's correlation coefficients are calculated to recognize the correlation between each of the 23 earthquake IMs and responses of NPP structures. The numerical results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the correlation between earthquake IMs and seismic responses of non-isolated NPP structures considering low- and high-frequency ground motion groups. Meanwhile, a trivial discrepancy of the correlation is observed in the case of the base-isolated NPP subjected to the two groups of ground motions. Moreover, a selection of PGA or S_a for seismic response analyses of NPP structures in the high-frequency seismic regions may not be the best option. Additionally, a set of fragility curves are thereafter developed for the base-isolated NPP based on the shear deformation of lead rubber bearing (LRB) with respect to the strongly correlated IMs. The results reveal that the probability of damage to the structure is higher for low-frequency earthquakes compared with that of high-frequency ground motions.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the significant duration of ground motions on responses of base-isolated nuclear power plants (NPPs). Two sets of ground motion records with short duration (SD) and long duration (LD) motions, scaled to match the target response spectrum, are used to perform time-history analyses. The reactor containment building in the Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) NPP is numerically modeled using lumped-mass stick elements in SAP2000. Seismic responses of the base-isolated NPP are monitored in forms of lateral displacements, shear forces, floor response spectra of the containment building, and hysteretic energy of the lead rubber bearing (LRB). Fragility curves for different limit states, which are defined based on the shear deformation of the base isolator, are developed. The numerical results reveal that the average seismic responses of base-isolated NPP under SD and LD motion sets were shown to be mostly identical. For PGA larger than 0.4g, the mean deformation of LRB for LD motions was bigger than that for SD ones due to a higher hysteretic energy of LRB produced in LD shakings. Under LD motions, median parameters of fragility functions for three limit states were reduced by 12% to 15% compared to that due to SD motions. This clearly indicates that it is important to select ground motions with both SD and LD proportionally in the seismic evaluation of NPP structures.