• Architectural research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

Conventional studies have focused on the reduction in the water-cement ratio, the use of various admixtures, etc., to ensure the durability of reinforced concrete structures against such deterioration factors as carbonation and chloride attack. However, improvement in the concrete quality alone is not considered sufficient or realistic for meeting the recent demand for a service life of over 100 years. This study intends to improve the durability of reinforced concrete structures by improvement in the reinforcing steel, which has remained untouched due to cost problems, through subtle adjustment of the steel components to keep the cost low. As a fundamental study on the performance of Cr-bearing rebars in steel reinforced concrete structures exposed to corrosive environments, The test specimens were made by installing 8 types of rebars in concretes with a chloride ion content of 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and $24kg/m^3$. Corrosion accelerated curing were then conducted with them. The corrosion resistance of Cr-bearing rebars was examined by measuring crack widths, half-cell potential, corrosion area and weight loss after 155 cycles of corrosion-accelerating curing. The results of the study showed that the corrosion resistance increased as the Cr content increased regardless of the content of chloride ions, and that the Cr-bearing rebars with a Cr content of 5% and 9% showed high corrosion resistance in concretes with a chloride ion content of 1.2 and $2.4kg/m^3$, respectively.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2016

The automatic tensioning device of the catenary system constantly maintains the tension of the trolley wire by absorbing the variations due to the elasticity of the line caused by temperature variation. The tension plays an important role in affecting the electric motorcar operation directly. This paper suggests the methodology of the life cycle extension and the maintenance of the automatic tensioning device by means of performance diagnosis of the pulley type automatic tensioning device which has been commonly used for the electric railway system. Through conducting performance diagnosis and comparative test for the wornout pulley type automatic tensioning device by replacing the components such as the bearing and the bearing shaft without replacing all the assembly, the tensioning device is analyzed whether it is properly functioned. Provided that the maintenance regulation is reinforced so as to implement the bearing replacement through periodical precise inspection along with random check-up inspection which is now carried out by the operating organizations, it is ensured that the life cycle extension and the reduction of maintenance cost of the tensioning device could be achieved.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of self-volar gliding combined with a strap and wrist distraction on pain and the active and passive wrist extension range of motion (ROM) in subjects with dorsal wrist pain during partial weight bearing of the hand. Methods: Thirty subjects (14 males and 16 females) with dorsal wrist pain during partial weight bearing through the hand participated in this study. The two different self-volar gliding techniques were performed for each group. Self-volar gliding using a strap (SVGS) and SVGS and wrist distraction (SVGSD) were performed five times for one week for each group. The active and passive ROM of wrist extension and the peak pressure pushed by the hand at pain (PPHP) were measured. An independent t-test was used to compare the improvements of these elements between the two different self-volar gliding techniques. The level of statistical significance was at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The active and passive ROM of wrist extension and PPHP were greater in both self-volar gliding groups after the one week intervention. On the other hand, these parameters were greater in the SVGSD group than in the SVGS group (p<0.05) Conclusion: SVGSD is recommended to improve the active and passive ROM of wrist extension and PPHP in subjects with dorsal wrist pain during partial weight bearing of the hand.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2016

Main Spindle System has effect on performance of machine tools and working quality as well as is required of high reliability. Especially, it takes great importance in producing automobiles which includes a large number of working processes. However, main spindle unit in Machine tools are often cases where damage occurs do not meet the design life due to driving in harsh environments. This is when excessive maintenance and repair of machine tools or for damage stability has resulted in huge economic losses. Therefore, this studying propose a method of accelerated life test for diagnosing and prognosis the state of life assessment main spindle system. Time status monitoring of diagnostic data - through the analysis of the frequency band signals were carried out inside the main spindle bearing condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.370-375
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• 2004

Fatigue tests were carried out to find the fatigue characteristics in the super-long life range by using a cantilever type rotational bending fatigue test machine. Three kinds of specimen in bearing steels with the quenched and tempered in air (A and B, B: shot peened after heal treatment) and under vacuum conditions(C:non-shot peened)were tested in this study. S-N curves obtained from fatigue tests of C specimen tend to come dawn again in the super-long life range due to fish-eye type cracking, while most of A and B specimens fractured by surface defects such as scratches and slip lines. This duplex S-N behavior for the high strength steels have to be reviewed by the change of fracture modes.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-90
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• 2004

We performed the heat aging test to predict the useful lifetime of Elastomeric Bearing Chloroprene Rubber (CR) used for supporting bridge. During the test, we measured elongation that are influenced by temperature and aging time. The failure of a test piece is defined as the point at which the elongation reaches to 75% of the initial value. This failure criterion is based on KS F 4420: 1998 (Elastomeric Bearing for bridge). Through the accelerated heat aging test, we found that the Arrhenius relationship and the Weibull lifetime distribution are appropriate as the life-temperature relationship and lifetime distribution of the CR, respectively. Using the Arrhenius -Weibull model, the parameters of the model are estimated and the lifetime of the CR at use condition is predicted.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1227-1236
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• 2012

The low speed machinery faults are usually caused by the bearing failure of the rolling elements. As the life time of the bearing is limited, the condition monitoring of bearing is very important to maintain the continuous operation without failures. A few monitoring techniques using time domain, frequency domain and fuzzy neural network vibration analysis are introduced to detect and diagnose the faults of the low speed machinery. This paper presents a method of fault detection for the rolling element bearing in the low speed machinery using the Wiener filtering and shock pulse counting techniques. Wiener filter is used for noise cancellation and it clearly makes the shock pulse emerge from the time signal with the high level of noise. The shock pulse counting is used to determine the various faults obviously from the shock signal with transient pulses not related with the bearing fault. Machine fault simulator is used for the experimental measurement in order to verify this technique is the powerful tool for the low speed machine compared with the frequency analysis. The test results show that the method proposed is very effective parameter even for the signal with high contaminated noise, speed variation and very low energy. The presented method shows the optimal tool for the condition monitoring purpose to detect the various bearing fault with high accuracy.

• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2023

The reduction of operation and maintenance (O&M) costs is a critical factor in determining the competitiveness of wind energy. Predictive maintenance based on the estimation of remaining useful life (RUL) is a key technology to reduce logistic costs and increase the availability of wind turbines. Although a mechanical component usually has sudden changes during operation, most RUL estimation methods use the trend of a state index over the whole operation period. Therefore, overestimation of RUL causes confusion in O&M plans and reduces the effect of predictive maintenance. In this paper, two RUL estimation methods (load based and data driven) are proposed for the bearings of a wind turbine with the results of trend classification, which differentiates constant and increasing states of the state index. The proposed estimation method is applied to a bearing degradation test, which shows a conservative estimation of RUL.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제13권3호통권33호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1999

High temperature and pressure materials in power plant are degraded by creep damage, if they are exposed to constant loads for long times, which occurs in load bearing structures of pressurized components operationg at elevated temperatures. Many conventional measurement techniques such as replica method, electric resistance method, and hardness test method for measuring creep damgage have been used. So far, the replica method is mainly used for the inspection of high temperature and pressure components. This technique is, however, restricted to applications at the surface of the testpieces and cannot be used to material inside. In this paper, ultrasonic evaluation for the detection of creep damage in the form of cavaties on grain boundaries or intergranular microcracks were carried out. And the absolute measuring method of quantitative ultrasonic velocity technique for Cr-Mo material degradation was analyzed. As a result of ultrasonic tests for crept for specimens, we founded that the sound velocity was decreased as increase of creep life fraction(${phi}c$) and also, confirmed that hardness was decreased as increase of creep life fraction(${phi}c$).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.745-757
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• 2023

In order to study the fatigue performance of the flat steel plate-lightweight aggregate concrete hollow composite bridge slab subjected to fatigue load, both static test on two specimens and fatigue test on six specimens were conducted. The effects of the arrangement of the steel pipes, the amplitude of the fatigue load and the upper limit as well as lower limit of fatigue load on failure performance were investigated. Besides, for specimens in fatigue test, strains of the concrete, residual deflection, bending stiffness, residual bearing capacity and dynamic response were analyzed. Test results showed that the specimens failed in the fracture of the bottom flat steel plate regardless of the arrangement of the steel pipes. Moreover, the fatigue loading cycles of composite slab were mainly controlled by the amplitude of the fatigue load, but the influences of upper limit and lower limit of fatigue load on fatigue life was slight. The fatigue life of the composite bridge slabs can be determined by the fatigue strength of bottom flat steel plate, which can be calculated by the method of allowable stress amplitude in steel structure design code.