• 자원환경지질
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.511-525
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• 2003

옥천변성대 서남부 화산지역은 남동부의 보은과 북서부의 피반령의 2개의 지구조 단위로 나누어진다. 보은 단위는 주로 변성퇴적암인 이질암, 사질암, 함탄질 이질암, 석회암 및 함력 규질암으로 구성되며, 피반령 단위는 이질암, 잘 분급된 세립질 함탄질 사질암 및 규암으로 구성된다. 화산지역의 퇴적환경에 대한 층서개요의 연구를 위하여 보은단위에서 1개 지점(고산) 및 피반령 단위에서 2개 지점(소룡재 및 황룡재)의 노두를 선정하여 각 단면에 대한 정밀 기재를 실시하였다. 고산지점에서는 천해성 역암들이 특징적으로 인지되나 소룡재 및 황룡재 지점들에서는 저탁류성의 퇴적체가 보여진다. 이러한 퇴적상의 공간적 분포는 분지의 남동쪽보다 북서쪽의 침강이 우세하였던 것으로 해석 될 수 있다. 화산지역의 퇴적환경을 유추하기 위하여 109개의 변성이질-사질암 시료를 채취하여 각 암석 시료들에 대한 화학 성분을 조사하였다. 화산지역에서 채취한 암석 시료들의 화학 성분 변화는 주성분원소들의 성분도와($A1_2O_3$/$SiO_2$)대(FeO＋MgO)/$(SiO_2{＋}K_2O{＋}Na_2O$)Basicity Index:B.I.)의 분별도에 의해 남동부의 보은 단위층과 북서부의 피반령 단위층이 뚜렷이 구분되어 지며, 보은 단위층에서 피반령 단위층으로 갈수록 화학적인 성분의 변화가 점진적으로 증가하는 경향을 보여준다. 남부의 보은 단위층의 암석들은 북부의 보은단위 및 피반령 단위층의 암석들보다 상대적으로($A1_2O_3$/$SiO_2$) 및 Basicity Index가 낮고 넓은 성분범위의 값을 보여준다. 십자석을 포함하는 좁은 대를 가지는 피반령 단위층 남부지역 즉, 보은 단위층과 피반령 단위층의 경계를 이루는 지역에서 채취된 암석 시료들은 보은 단위층에서 피반령 단위층으로 전이되는 중간 성분 값의 특징을 보인다. 이러한 암석 화학 성분 차이는 남동에서 북서로 갈수록 점진적으로 깊어지는 퇴적환경학적 해석과 함께 비교할 때 Cluzel et al.(1990)에 의해 제시된 옥천분지의 반지구대(half graben) 모델과 잘 부합된다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

최근 건축물의 고층화에 따라 양중 계획의 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 타워크레인은 중요한 양중 장비로서의 역할을 수행하고 있으나, 구조적 안전사고 발생 시 그 피해가 매우 크므로 철저한 안정성검토가 선행되어야 한다. 타워크레인은 구조적 안정성을 확보하기 위해 횡지지 보강과 독립기초 및 파일기초 설계 등 안정성확보에 대한 고려가 매우 중요하며, 그 중 현장의 특수한 상황으로 인해 지내력 확보가 곤란하거나 더 이상 기초 사이즈를 증가시킬 수 없을 때 파일기초를 사용한다. 파일기초를 사용할 경우 독립기초 사용 시 보다 더 많은 안정성 검토 항목을 고려 해야하므로 체계적이고 철저한 검토가 필요하다. 본 연구는 파일기초 설계 시 파일기초의 기본적인 안정성 확보 뿐 만 아니라 최소의 비용 발생을 위한 최적설계 알고리즘 개발이 목적이며, 파일기초를 사용하는 고정식 트롤리타입의 타워크레인으로 연구 범위를 제한하여 진행한다. 타워크레인 파일 기초의 안정성 검토 항목과 절차, 최적설계에 관한 연구 결과물을 토대로 관련 업무 담당자의 업무 효율성을 향상 시킬 수 있을 뿐 아니라 파일 기초 설계에 투입되는 시간 및 비용의 절감효과를 기대 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.100-108
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• 1997

Our current food hygiene law mandates nutrition label (NL) for the special nutrition foods, health support foods, instant foods, and foods with certain nutrient emphasized note, only. Currently more processed foods are bearing nutrition labels though the format is quite inconsistant. This study examined the status on current nutrition labeling practices for the processed foods that are retailed in the supermarket. The obtained information was assessed in the aspects of numerical data presentation on nutrients content, descriptive terms, health claim, and the format. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Foods with NL are limited to the food category specified by current hygiene law while voluntary nutition labeling is few. 2) Descriptive terms such as free, low, and sufficient are not substantiated with quantitative data. The efficacy of microelements which has not been clalified yet are overemphasized but major nutrients are ignored. 3) The regulations for the descriptive terms are set on the base of the nutrient content per 100g or 100ml under current nutrition labeling act. It would mislead consumers thus the definition for these descriptor be better set on the unit of the amount of food customary eaten at one time. For this the standard serving size should be set officially. 4) Quantitative nutrition information given on food products is difficult to compare because of the lack in formality. The title of NL, load and kinds of nutritents, order of nutrients listed, the unit of expression, RDA comparision, and reference RDA are inconsistant among the foods similar in dietary property. Uniform format is needed to give NL the credibility and usefulness. Proividing nutrition information to the consumers with NL is a worldwide practice though its efficacy has been controversial. Under newly legistered health promotion law in Korean nutrition education is esxpected to take part in to improve national nutrition condition and NL would education is expected to take part in to improve national nutrition condition and NL would be a potent tool for public nutritions education. It appears to be the time to mandate NL to all the processed foods in the market. The result of present study would initiate further consumer experiments related to NL. Various interest groups such as food and nutrition professions, public health organizations, government regulatory agencies, food producers and marketers, and consumer groups need to particepate and communicate for the legislation of NL and the development of NL format.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.195-215
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• 2017

This paper proposes gob-side entry retaining by roof break and filling in thick-layer soft rock conditions based on the thick-layer soft rock roof strata migration law and the demand for non-pillar gob-side entry retaining projects. The functional expressions of main roof subsidence are derived for three break roof direction conditions: lateral deflection toward the roadway, lateral deflection toward the gob and vertically to the roof. These are derived according to the load-bearing boundary conditions of the main roadway roof stratum. It is concluded that the break roof angle is an important factor influencing the stability of gob-side entry retaining surrounding rock. This paper studies the stress distribution characteristics and plastic damage scope of gob-side entry retaining integrated coal seams, as well as the roof strata migration law and the supporting stability of caving structure filled on the break roof layer at the break roof angles of $-5^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ are studied. The simulation results of numerical analysis indicate that, the stress concentration and plastic damage scope to the sides of gob-side entry retaining integrated coal at the break roof angle of $5^{\circ}$ are reduced and shearing stress concentration of the caving filling body has been eliminated. The disturbance of coal mining to the roadway roof and loss of carrying capacity are mitigated. Field tests have been carried out on air-return roadway 5203 with the break roof angle of $5^{\circ}$. The monitoring indicates that the break roof filling section and compaction section are located at 0-45 m and 45-75 m behind the working face, respectively. The section from 75-100 m tends to be stable.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 1998

Even though appropriate immune response is necessary for the survival of the individual, excessive or insufficient immune Response might cause autoimmune or allergic disease. So the immune response must be controlled to the degree that is beneficial for the well being of the individual. This study was undertaken to know the effects of Gunleetang Gagambang on the immune system of the mouse. Gunleetang Gagambang has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Gunleetang Gagambang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene(MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(S180 cells). Treatment of the Gunleetang Gagambang on water-extract(dailly 1mg/mouse, i. p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 20 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Gunleetang Gagambang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice(TBM). Gunleetang Gagambang on also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell and S180 cell-implanted tumors in occurrence-frequency and their size. and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Gunleetang Gagambang extract into TBM. In vitro, treatment of Gunleetang Gagambang extract had no effect on the growth of some kinds of cell line such as FsaII, A431 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S180 cells and augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Gunleetang Gagambang also stimulated the migrative ability of leukocyte, the MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Gunleetang Gagambang administration to mice enhanced NK cells activities. These results demonstrated that Gunleetang Gagambang extract exhibited a significant prophylactic benefits against tumors and its antitumor activity was manifested depending on the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that effect of Gunleetang Gagambang might be chiefly due to nonspecitie enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.121-134
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• 1974

This study is an attempt to evaluate the use of an oral contraceptive by: 1. Deforming the acceptance rate of the oral contraceptive according to socio-demographic characteristics 5. Estimating the duration of the use of the contraceptive f. Discovering reasons why the contraceptive was discontinued 4. Computing the cumulative continuation and discontinuation rate according to socio-demographic characteristics, history of pregnancies, and attitude of husband at the time of selection of the contraceptive. One hundred sixty-eight women of child bearing age (14-49 years), residing in Yonhee Dong, Seoul, Korea and registered as oral contraceptive accepters at Yonsei Community Health Center, were interviewed during a three week period in 1973. The questionnaire was designed to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the oral contraceptive accepters, the current status of their family planning practice, medical reactions if any, discontinuation practice, and the duration of the use of the contraceptive. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1. The acceptance rate was highest for women between 30 and 34 years of age, the mean age being 34.4 years. 2. Fifty six point five percent of all respondents said that thirty years of age was the ideal age to stop having children. 3. The average number of living children was 3.5 and fifty four point eight percent of respondents felt 2 boys and I girl was the ideal number of children. 4. The average number of pregnancies was 5.2 and the average number of induced abortion was I. 4. 5. Fifty eight point eight percent of the respondents had experience in the use of contraceptive methods in the past. 6. Forty one point seven percent of the respondents replied that they chose the oral contraceptive because, "it was not complicated to use." 7. Sixty four point eight percent of the women said their husband approved of their taking the pill. 8. The cumulative discontinuation rate was sixty point five percent of the total respondents for one year in first segment. 9. Sixty six point nine percent of the respondents had experienced side-effect while using the pill. The side effects for 68.9 percent of these women were castro-intestinal upsets. Twenty point eight percent of the women who had side effects consulted with medical personnel about them. Women who had more education had more side effects. 10. Seventy three point two percent of the women who discontinued the pill did so because of medical reasons. Women who were younger discontinued the pill for personal reasons more-often than older women. Among personal reasons listed for discontinuing the pill was the attitude of the husband. 11. The average duration of continuance of the contraceptive was 5.3 cycles under 29 years of age; 7.4 cycles between 30 and 34 years of age; and 8.4 cycles over 40 years of age. 12. The discontinuation rate was seem to increase sharply in the early cycle and increase more slowly in later cycle. Conclusions and suggestions: Since the attitude of the husband was shown to be important, the current family planning program should be expended to include approach to husband. For women who must use the oral contraceptive, education and support must be enhanced so that the discontinuation rate due to side effects will be decreased.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2015

라멘교는 모든 부재의 접합부가 강절점으로 구성되어 있는 잘 알려진 교량으로, 교량받침이 불필요하고, 유지관리가 용이하며, 상부구조의 단면을 감소시킬 수 있고, 기타 구조형식에 비해 상대적으로 건설비가 적다는 점 등 많은 장점을 가지고 있기 때문에 다양한 현장에서 시공되고 있다. 또한 최근 경간을 증가시키기 위해 강합성 부재를 상부구조로 사용한 강합성 라멘교의 적용 사례가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 강합성 라멘교는 교량의 경간이 증가하여 부재력이 증가하고, 그에 따라 하부구조가 비경제적으로 설계, 시공되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 교대벽체와 기초 사이에 힌지구조를 적용하여 기초의 모멘트를 감소시킨 신형식 강합성 라멘교를 제안하고, 구조적 성능 및 힌지구조의 성능을 검증하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권32호
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• pp.289-313
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• 2013

브랜드 연구자들은 브랜드 마케팅과 관련된 모든 의사결정은 특정 브랜드의 브랜드 아이덴티티(brand identity)를 기반으로 이루어져야 한다고 주장한다. 본 연구는, 연구자들의 논의에 근거하여 문화콘텐츠 OSMU는 콘텐츠가 창출하는 부가가치를 극대화시키기 위한 마케팅 활동이며, 모든 OSMU관련 의사결정은 특정 콘텐츠의 브랜드 아이덴티티를 중심으로 이루어져야 한다고 주장한 '브랜드 아이덴티티 기반 문화콘텐츠 OSMU 전략모델'의 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구목적 달성을 위해, 성공한 문화콘텐츠이자 막대한 브랜드 가치를 지닌 파워브랜드로 평가되는 <해리포터>를 조사대상으로 선정, 브랜드 아이덴티티를 반영한 캐릭터 상품과 그렇지 않은 상품에 대한 소비자 태도 및 브랜드 자산의 차이를 설문조사를 통해 측정하였다. 조사 결과, 소비자들은 <해리포터>의 브랜드 아이덴티티인 '마법, 선악대결, 용기'가 반영된 상품에 대해서 더욱 호감을 느끼며, 품질이 좋은 것으로 인식한다는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 브랜드 아이덴티티의 효과적인 전달에 초점을 맞춘 OSMU 전략이 문화콘텐츠의 부가가치 극대화에 기여한다는 브랜드 아이덴티티 기반 OSMU 전략모델의 주장과 일치하는 결과이다. 하지만, 브랜드 아이덴티티를 반영한 캐릭터 상품이 브랜드 자산에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과, <해리포터>에 대한 소비자 인지도, 충성도, 지각된 품질은 상대적으로 높았으나, 그 차이가 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았고, 그에 따라 브랜드 아이덴티티 기반 OSMU가 콘텐츠의 브랜드 자산에 영향을 미친다는 피드백 효과는 확인되지 않았다. 하지만, 콘텐츠의 브랜드 자산이란 지속적인 소비자들의 콘텐츠 관련 경험을 통해 장기적으로 구축되는 것이기 때문에, 다양한 OSMU를 통한 브랜드 아이덴티티의 지속적인 전달이 정기적으로는 콘텐츠의 브랜드 자산에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것이라는 해석의 여지도 남아있는 바, 이와 관련된 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 실천적 관점에서 문화콘텐츠 OSMU 전략의 타당성을 실증적으로 논의한 최초의 연구이며, 성공 프로젝트를 위한 논의에서 한발 더 나아가, <해리포터>와 같은 문화콘텐츠 파워브랜드를 구축하기 위한 방법론에 대한 관심과 논의의 필요성을 제기하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.234-250
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• 1998

Bujeonghangamtang(扶正抗癌湯) has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carroed out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Bujeonghangamtang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by .the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(Sl80 cells). Treatment of the Bujeonghangamtang water-extract (dailly 1mg/mouse, i. p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 20 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Bujeonghangamtang decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice (TBM). Bujeongmngamtang also significantly suppressed the development of 3LL cell and S180 cell-implanted tumors in occurence-frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Bujeonghangamtang extract into TBM. In vitro, treatment of Bujeonghangamtang extract had no effect on the growth of some kinds of cell line such as FsaII, A431 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S180 cells and augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Bujeonghangamtang also stimulated the migrative ability of leukocyte, the MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Bujeonghangamtang-administration to mice enhanced NK cells attivities. These results demonstrated that Bujeonghangamtang extract exhibited a significant prophylactic benefits against tumors and its antitumor activity was manifested depending on the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that effect of Bujeonghangamtang might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.133-144
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• 2009

Incheon Bridge, 18.4 km long sea-crossing bridge, will be opened to the traffic in October 2009 and this will be the new landmark of the gearing up north-east Asia as well as the largest & longest bridge of Korea. Incheon Bridge is the integrated set of several special featured bridges including a magnificent cable-stayed girder bridge which has a main span of 800 m width to cross the navigation channel in and out of the Port of Incheon. Incheon Bridge is making an epoch of long-span bridge designs thanks to the fully application of the AASHTO LRFD (load & resistance factor design) to both the superstructures and the substructures. A state-of-the-art of the geotechnologies which were applied to the Incheon Bridge construction project is introduced. The most Large-diameter drilled shafts were penetrated into the bedrock to support the colossal superstructures. The bearing capacity and deformational characteristics of the foundations were verified through the world's largest static pile load test. 8 full-scale pilot piles were tested in both offshore site and onshore area prior to the commencement of constructions. Compressible load beyond 30,000 tonf pressed a single 3 m diameter foundation pile by means of bi-directional loading method including the Osterberg cell techniques. Detailed site investigation to characterize the subsurface properties had been carried out. Geotextile tubes, tied sheet pile walls, and trestles were utilized to overcome the very large tidal difference between ebb and flow at the foreshore site. 44 circular-cell type dolphins surround the piers near the navigation channel to protect the bridge against the collision with aberrant vessels. Each dolphin structure consists of the flat sheet piled wall and infilled aggregates to absorb the collision impact. Geo-centrifugal tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of the dolphin in the seabed and to verify the numerical model for the design. Rip-rap embankments on the seabed are expected to prevent the scouring of the foundation. Prefabricated vertical drains, sand compaction piles, deep cement mixings, horizontal natural-fiber drains, and other subsidiary methods were used to improve the soft ground for the site of abutments, toll plazas, and access roads. Light-weight backfill using EPS blocks helps to reduce the earth pressure behind the abutment on the soft ground. Some kinds of reinforced earth like as MSE using geosynthetics were utilized for the ring wall of the abutment. Soil steel bridges made of corrugated steel plates and engineered backfills were constructed for the open-cut tunnel and the culvert. Diverse experiences of advanced designs and constructions from the Incheon Bridge project have been propagated by relevant engineers and it is strongly expected that significant achievements in geotechnical engineering through this project will contribute to the national development of the longspan bridge technologies remarkably.