• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.441-460
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• 2015

A new theoretical approach for analysis of stress around a tensioned anchor in rock is presented in this paper. The solution has been derived for semi-infinite elastic rock and anchor and for plane strain conditions. The method considers both the anchor head bearing plate and its grouted bond length embedded in depth. The solution of the tensioned rock anchor problem is obtained by superimposing the solutions of two simpler but fundamental problems: A distributed load applied at a finite portion (bearing plate area) of the rock surface and a distributed shear stress applied at the anchor-rock interface along the bond length. The solution of the first problem already exists and the solution of the shear stress distributed along the bond length is found in this study. To acquire a deep understanding of the stress distribution around a tensioned anchor in rock, an illustrative example is solved and stress contours are drawn for stress components. In order to verify the results obtained by the proposed solution, comparisons are made with finite difference method (FDM) results. Very good agreements are observed for the teoretical results in comparison with FDM.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1502-1508
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• 2011

Ground anchor expands the hollow wall of settled part and has the structure which resists the designed tensile load by the bearing pressure generated by the wedge of the anchor body pressing in the expanded part. Such ground anchor has been recognized for stability and economicality since 1960s in technologically advanced nations such as Japan and Europe, and in 1970s, the Japan Society of Soil Engineering has established and announced the anchor concept map. The ground anchor introduced in Korea, however, has the structural problem where the tensile strength is comes only from the ground frictional force due to expansion of the wedge body. In an interval where the ground strength is locally reduced due to fault, discontinuation or such, this is pointed out as a critical weakness where the anchor body of around 1.0m must resist the tensile load. Also, in the installation of concrete block, the concentrated stress of concrete block constructed on the uneven rock surface causes damage, and many such issues in the anchor head have been reported. Thus, in this study, by using the expanded bit for precise expansion of settled part, the ground anchor system was completed so that the bearing pressure of ground anchor can be expressed as much as possible, and the bearing plate was inserted into the ground to resolve the existing issues of concrete block. Through numerical analysis and pullout test executed for verification of site applicability, the pullout-behavior characteristics of anchor was analyzed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2016

We propose an effective methodology using electromechanical impedance characteristics for estimating the remaining tensile force of tendons and simultaneously detecting damages of the anchorage blocks. Once one piezoelectric patch is attached on the anchor head and the other is bonded on the bearing plate, impedance responses are measured through these two patches under varying tensile force conditions. Then statistical indices are calculated from the impedances, and two types of relationship curves between the tensile force and the statistical index (TE Curve) and between statistical indices of two patches (SR Curve) are established. Those are considered as database for monitoring both the tendon and the anchorage system. If damage exists on the bearing plate, the statistical index of patch on the bearing plate would be out of bounds of the SR curve and damage can be detected. A change in the statistical index by damage is calibrated with the SR curve, and the tensile force can be estimated with the corrected index and the TE Curve. For validation of the developed methodology, experimental studies are performed on the scaled model of an anchorage system that is simplified only with 3 solid wedges, a 3-hole anchor head, and a bearing plate. Then, the methodology is applied to a real scale anchorage system that has 19 strands, wedges, an anchor head, a bearing plate, and a steel duct. It is observed that the proposed scheme gives quite accurate estimation of the remaining tensile forces. Therefore, this methodology has great potential for practical use to evaluate the remaining tensile forces and damage status in the post-tensioned structural members.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.497-507
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• 2019

Exposed column base connections are used in low- to mid-rise steel moment resisting frames. This paper is to investigate the effect of the base plate thickness on the exposed column base connection strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation. Five specimens with different base plate thickness were numerically modelled using ABAQUS software. The numerical model is able to reproduce the key characteristics of the experimental response. Based on the numerical analysis, the critical base plate thickness to identify the base plate and anchor rod yield mechanism is proposed. For the connection with base plate yield mechanism, the resisting moment is carried by the flexural bending of the base plate. Yield lines in the base plate on the tension side and compression side are illustrated, respectively. This type of connection exhibits a relatively large energy dissipation. For the connection with anchor rod yield mechanism, the moment is resisted through a combination of bearing stresses of concrete foundation on the compression side and tensile forces in the anchor rods on the tension side. This type of connection exhibits self-centering behavior and shows higher initial stiffness and bending strength. In addition, the methods to predict the moment resistance of the connection with different yield mechanisms are presented. And the evaluated moment resistances agree well with the values obtained from the FEM model.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.5-18
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• 2014

앵커는 지중에서 힘을 받는 형태에 따라 마찰형 앵커, 지압형 앵커, 마찰지압병용형 앵커로 나눌 수 있으며 최근에는 두 가지 형태가 복합적으로 사용되어지는 앵커가 개발되고 있다. 지압형 앵커에 관하여도 많은 연구가 진행 되었지만, 파괴면을 직접 관찰한 예는 적었다. 그리고 지반재료도 주로 실제 모래가 아닌 탄소봉등을 이용하여 실험을 한 것이 대부분이다. 본 연구에서는 토조에 모래지반을 형성하고, 지압형 앵커를 토피비(H/h)에 따라 1~6까지 나누어 설치하고 각 토피비에 따른 인발력과 지반의 거동을 관찰하였다. 또한 지반변형해석 프로그램을 통해 지반 변위, 무신축 방향, 최대전단변형률 등고선에 대해서 분석하였다. 분석결과 극한 인발력의 발현시점인 변위 5mm에서는 파괴면의 폭이 기존의 이론보다 좁은 영역에서 진행되는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었고, 10, 15mm까지 변위가 증가할수록 파괴면의 폭이 넓어지고 지표면까지 확장하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

포스트텐션 공법을 적용한 콘크리트 부재의 정착구역에서 정착판 근처의 지압응력은 일반적으로 높은 프리스트레스 하중에 의해 발생한다. 따라서 단면의 효율적인 활용과 콘크리트 부재의 파괴로 이어질 수 있는 균열제어를 위해 적절한 정착판의 크기가 제시되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 도로교설계기준 및 PTI 등에 의해 사각형 정착판과 원형 정착판의 유효면적에 대한 관계식을 제안하였다. 또한 정착판의 형상에 따라 형상계수를 제안하였으며, 유한요소해석을 통해 적절성을 분석하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.226-229
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• 2006

Strengthening with externally post-tensioned CFRP strips is more effective in increasing load carrying capacity of existing structures as well as reducing crack width and deflection. This study developed concrete embedded anchorages system for externally post-tensioned CFRP strips, and carried out experimental study to verify anchoring performance quantitatively. Through experimental results, anchoring strength of concrete embedded anchorage were quantified into shear strength of anchor bolt, bearing strength of concrete at the front of anchor plate and bond strength between anchor plate and concrete surface. In addition, overall anchoring performances according to combination of each unit force are examined in this study.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.565-580
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• 2006

Set in constant increase and period current of lively technical development of railroad use and construction of cable stayed bridge railway bridge, one of bridge form of most suitable that think side police officer and the material enemy of bridge that use long rail, is increasing laying stress on the foreign countries. Main tower fixing department of this cable stayed bridge is consisted of main tower flange that support bearing plate, bay ring plate bearing plate, support end rib and diaphragm etc, as stress transmission mechanic that tensility of cable socket into normal force of main tower, and is used this time. These structural elements is very complex the structure and direction of load delivered from socket specially calbe particularly be different, and need FEM analysis that use Thick Shell element for suitable arrangement of mutual stress flowing grasping and absence that follow hereupon because all of the each support plate angle that suport this differ.

• 지질공학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2012

앵커두부에서의 많은 문제점들은 앵커두부가 외부에 노출되어 풍화에 직접적인 영향을 받고, 진동이나 외력에 의해 물리적인 변형과 손상을 많이 받기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 수압판 방식의 파괴원인을 분석하여 앵커두부에서 발생하는 문제점 해결을 위해 앵커두부의 지표면 근입방식을 제시하였다. 앵커두부처리 방식의 안정성을 기존방식과 비교, 검토하기 위하여 범용해석프로그램인 ABAQUS로 3차원 정밀 수치해석을 수행하여 하중조건에 따른 변위 및 응력분포양상을 분석하였고, 현장 적용성 검증을 위한 시험시공과 계측을 통해 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 수치해석 결과는 최대수직응력이 9.73 MPa, 수직변위가 1.34 mm로 나타났고, 현장시험을 통하여 콘크리트 수압판의 변위가 근입형 지압판에 비해 3~4배의 큰 변위량을 보인다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.599-614
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• 2022

One of the methods of stabilizing retaining walls, embankments, and deep excavations is the implementation of plate anchors (like the Geolock wall anchor systems). Back-to-back Mechanically Stabilized Earth (BBMSE) walls are common stabilized earth structures that can be used for bridge ramps. But so far, the analysis of the interactive behavior of two back-to-back anchored walls (BBAW) by double-plates anchors (constructed closely from each other and subjected to the limited-breadth vertical loading) including interference of their failure and sliding surfaces has not been the subject of comprehensive studies. Indeed, in this compound system, the interaction of sliding wedges of these two back-to-back walls considering the shear failure wedge of the foundation, significantly impresses on the foundation bearing capacity, adjacent walls displacements and deformations, and their stability. In this study, the effect of horizontal distance between two walls (W), breadth of loading plate (B), and position of vertical loading was investigated experimentally. In addition, the comparison of using single and equivalent double-plate anchors was evaluated. The loading plate bearing capacity and displacements, and deformations of BBAW were measured and the results are presented. To evaluate the shape, form, and how the critical failure surfaces of the soil behind the walls and beneath the foundation intersect with one another, the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique was applied. The experimental tests results showed that in this composite system (two adjacent-loaded BBAW) the effective distance of walls is about W = 2.5*H (H: height of walls) and the foundation effective breadth is about B = H, concerning foundation bearing capacity, walls horizontal displacements and their deformations. For more amounts of W and B, the foundation and walls can be designed and analyzed individually. Besides, in this compound system, the foundation bearing capacity is an exponential function of the System Geometry Variable (SGV) whereas walls displacements are a quadratic function of it. Finally, as an important achievement, doubling the plates of anchors can facilitate using concrete walls, which have limitations in tolerating curvature.