• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.309-309
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• 2022

This study investigated the antioxidant and yield properties of eight adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) cultivars under different mean temperature and sunshine hours in 2020 and 2021. The mean temperature in 2020 compared to 2021, which was normal, were lower during the pod extension and grain filling period. In addition, due to frequent rainfall during the vegetative perio d in 2020, there were fewer hours of sunshine compared to 2021. The Adzuki Bean yield in 2020 was about 13% lower than that in 2021 due to the decreased number of pods per plant and 100 seeds weight. The stability of yields was higher in 'Hongda' and 'Hongjin' than in 'Arari', which is the most cultivated in Korea. Also, the yields of these varieties were all higher than those of 'Arari' varieties for two years. Compared to 2021, in 2020, when weather conditions were not favorable, both antioxidant components and activity were higher. The cultivar 'Hongda' was a higher antioxidant component and activity than others for two years. The results suggested that the antioxidant component and activity were good in 2020 with about 13% decrease in yield compared to a normal year in 2021 due to mean temperature and sunshine hours.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 2023

Adzuki beans have gained popularity in recent years due to their health benefits. Breeding of Adzuki beans is less favorable than with other legumes due to low genetic diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 252 adzuki bean germplasms from China, Japan, and Korea using 18 agro-morphological parameters and comparing their performance to three prominent Korean cultivars: Geomguseul, Arari, and Chungjupat. Leaf shape, pod color, and seed coat color were among the qualitative traits that showed wide variations. The quantitative variables also showed wide variations among adzuki bean germplasms. Although there was no significant difference (p < 0.05), the average rate of germination declined in the order of Korean (91.44%) > Chinese (91.31%) > Japanese (87.47%) adzuki beans. Chinese adzuki beans needed fewer days to flower (DF, 58.22 days) and days to mature (DM, 107.13 days), which varied significantly compared to the Korean and Japanese adzuki beans (p < 0.05). The average number of pods per plant (PPP) and one-hundred seeds weight (HSW) were higher in Japanese adzuki beans compared to the Korean and Chinese adzuki beans although the variation of each was not significant. Almost 29.76% of the accessions had early-blooming flowers, 3.97% were premature, 21.43% produced more PPP, and 3.97% yielded more SPP compared to control cultivars. Results of hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses revealed three clusters with significant variation in all quantitative variables except for RG (p < 0.05). The key factors in multivariate analyses were DF, DM, and HSW. Our study investigated the genetic diversity of adzuki bean accessions and identified ten early maturing and ten high PPP-yielding accessions. Our findings would help farmers and breeders to select the top-performing accessions that can provide them with various options.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.22
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Pod-edible bean or snap bean is a fairly new crop to domestic farmers but the national demand is steadily increasing in recent years along with the development of western food business and change in dietary patterns. At the same time, much efforts are being made to export it to foreign country, mainly to Japan. The amount of seeds introduced from outside is also continuously increasing along with the enlargement of area planted for the crop. Hybridization breeding for the crop has already been started to supply the cheaper and better seeds which will reduce the seed costs and foster the higher income to the farmers. In this experiment, several technologies related with the production of quality seeds are preliminary investigated. Some of the results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Highly significant interaction was recognized between planting dates and no. of pods per plant and no. of branches but no interaction between planting dates and plant height and no. of nodes on main stem. Days to maturity was proportionally reduced to later planting dates. 2. Rate of viviparous pods and seeds was gradually increased in later planting dates but rate of germination was increased in earlier planting dates with lower germination rate in white seed coat grains than in colored seed ones. 3. Seed yield was higher in the earlier planting dates with a great deal of varietal difference. Early to mid April was considered to he the optimum planting dates for snap bean in Kyungbuk area. High correlation was recognized between seed yield and no. of pods per plant, no. of seeds per plant, and 100 seed weight. 4. Days to flowering was three and seven days longer in Cheongsong, high mountainous area than in Kunwi, somewhat prairie lowland. One hundred seed weight was also higher in Cheongsong than in Kunwi. Rate of viviparous grains, pods, and decayed seeds was higher in Cheongsong but, at the same time, the rate of germination and seed yield was also higher in Cheongsong. 5. One hundred seed weight of KLG5007 increased continuously up to 35days after flowering and decreased thereafter but that of KLG50027 increased to 40days after flowering and slowly reduced thereafter. The content of crude oil reached to maximum at 40 days after flowering and reduced thereafter. The rate of germination in Gangnangkong 1 was the highest, 89.3%, at 35 days after flowering and reduced thereafter while that in KLG50027 reached to maximum, 70.7%. at 40days after flowering and reduced thereafter. Thus, the optimum harvesting time for snap bean was considered to be 35~40days after flowering. 6. The snap bean pods at yellow bean stage easily became viviparous ones under saturated moisture conditions for 24 hours at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest pods somewhat earlier than yellow-bean stage and let them do post maturing, especially when it is to be rained.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2011

Soybean plants infected with Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) develop acute symptoms that usually decrease in severity over time. In other plant-virus interactions, this type of symptom recovery has been associated with degradation of viral RNAs by RNA silencing, which is accompanied by the accumulation of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In this study, changes in the accumulation of BPMV siRNAs were investigated in soybean plants infected with BPMV alone, or infected with both BPMV and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and in transgenic soybean plants expressing SMV helper component-protease (HC-Pro). In many potyviruses, HC-Pro is a potent suppressor of RNA silencing. In plants infected with BPMV alone, accumulation of siRNAs was positively correlated with symptom severity and accumulation of BPMV genomic RNAs. Plants infected with both BPMV and SMV and BPMV-infected transgenic soybean plants expressing SMV HC-Pro exhibited severe symptoms characteristic of BPMVSMV synergism, and showed enhanced accumulation of BPMV RNAs and siRNAs compared to plants infected with BPMV alone and nontransgenic plants. Likewise, SMV HC-Pro enhanced the accumulation of siRNAs produced from a silenced green fluorescent protein gene in transient expression assays, while the P19 silencing suppressor of Tomato bushy stunt virus did not. Consistent with the modes of action of HC-Pro in other systems, which have shown that HC-Pro suppresses RNA silencing by preventing the unwinding of duplex siRNAs and inhibiting siRNA methylation, these studies showed that SMV HC-Pro interfered with the activities of RNA-induced silencing complexes, but not the activities of Dicer-like enzymes in antiviral defenses.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.525-531
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen, potassium application on the plant growth, grain yield and nodule formation of Winged bean. Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, NAR, RGR and CGR increased with basal and top dressing of nitrogen and potassium application. Especially CGR was increased significantly with the added amount of potassium. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight decreased with application of basal and top dressing nitrogen, but increased with the added amount of potassium. Green pod, tuber and grain yield increased with application of basal and top dressing nitrogen, and the added amount of potassium. There appeared positive correlation coefficient between grain yield and growth charateristics, and between grain yield and components. But there showed negative correlation coefficient among yield, number of nodules, dry weight and P$_2$O$\_$5/ contents in leaf.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2007

Sclerotinia rot occurred on the stem and pod of broad bean (Vicia faba) at Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea from 2004 to 2006. The infected plants showed the typical symptoms; wilted, water-soaked, rotted and eventually died. The colony of the isolated fungus on PDA was white to faintly gray color. Apothecia were cup-shaped and $5{\sim}10\;mm$ in size. Asci were cylindrical in shape and $90{\sim}180{\times}8{\sim}12\;{\mu}m$ in size. Ascospores were ellipsoid and $8{\sim}12{\times}4{\sim}6\;{\mu}m$ in size. Sclerotia formed on the PDA were globose to cylindrical or irregular in shape with black color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$ and sclerotia formation was at $20^{\circ}C$ on PDA. This is the first report on sclerotinia rot of broad bean (Vicia faba) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) do Bary in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on pumpkin seedling with 10%, 20% coffee ground compost and 1% plant velvet bean powder (plain skin bean, leopard skin bean, hole plant, bean pod). Among the root-knot nematode insecticide treatments, the velvet bean plant powder was the highest mortality rate with 83.2% in greenhouse condition. In addition, the root-knot nematode second juvenile mortality significantly increased with the lapse of processing time for each concentration of leopard skin velvet bean extract in vivo. After 24 hours, the mortality rate of root-knot nematode showed the highest at 1.2% and 2.4% of leopard skin velvet bean extract. The growth promoting effect of seedlings pumpkin, 20% of coffee ground compost treatments inhibited the growth of pumpkin seedlings and 1% the tiger pattern velvet beans powder was the most to promote the growth of pumpkin seedlings. However, the results indicated that the organic materials of velvet beans and coffee ground compost are expected to be able to effectively control the root-knot nematode and further studies will be needed for the concentration and application methods.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2023

Mung bean(Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) is a legume that originated in India. It is the third most cultivated legume in Korea after soybean and adzuki bean. Recently, the use of mung bean seeds and sprouts in trendy foods such as rice noodles and Chinese-style stir-fry is expanding thereby increasing its demand. Subsequently, improvement of mung bean varieties is also being actively conducted. In this study, the important agricultural characteristics of 324 mung bean germplasm were recorded and statistically investigated. Seeds of the mung bean germplasm were cultivated at an experimental field located in the National Agrobiodiversity Center (Jeonju, Korea) and 10 quantitative agricultural traits were investigated. Basic statistics, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were then performed. The results showed significant variations of the quantitative traits among the germplasms (p < 0.05). The days to flowering, maturity, and growth were in the ranges of 31~80, 22~72, and 57~110 days with means of 45, 47, and 92 days, respectively. The highest frequency (f = 192) was for lodging score with 11~50%, while simultaneous maturity (f = 182) was below 50%. Other quantitative traits related to yield including the number of seeds per pod (CV = 10.9%), number of pods per plant (CV = 41.2%), and one-hundred seeds weight (CV = 36.6%) also showed significant variations. Correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the days to maturity and one-hundred seeds weight (r = 0.41) and the days to growth and simultaneous maturity (r = 0.39). In contrast, one-hundred seeds weight was negatively correlated to the number of pods per plant (r = -0.41) and the days to flowering (r = -0.29). Similarly, the days to growth and the number of pods per plant had a negative association with each other (r = -0.29). The principal component analysis revealed the number of days to maturity as the most influential variable along the first principal component (23.7%). In general, this study revealed wide variations in quantitative traits among the studied mung bean germplasm, which could provide several options for cultivar development.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of using uniconazole,[(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol)] as a phytoprotectant against $SO_2$ injury in snap been (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Strike'). Thirteen days prior to $SO_2$ fumigation, plants were given a 100 ml soil drench of uniconazole solution at concentrations of 0.02, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/pot. All four uniconazole concentrations were significantly effective in providing protection against $SO_2$ exposure(3 h at 1.5 ppm), but uniconazole treatment above 0.02 mg/pot severely reduced stem elongation, leaf enlargement, flowering date and pod number and weight. Uniconazole treatment had little or no effect on stomatal conductance but reduced transpiration rate on a whole plant basis by nearly 40%. This may reflect an alteration in canopy structure by reducing stem elongation and leaf enlargement. Although uniconazole did not increase the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in non-$SO_2$-fumigated plants, it significantly increased those enzyme activities in $SO_2$-fumigated plants. Chlorophyll concentration on the basis of unit area was increased 50-60% by uniconazole. However, the difference was not detected on the basis of dry weight. $SO_2$ increased variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) 48% after 1.5 h of exposure in non-uniconazole treated plants but decreased Fv in the plants after 3 h of exposure. By appliing uniconazole, it was possible to maintain high Fv values in the latter group of plants. These results suggest that the phytoprotective effects of uniconazole are related to its growth-retarding properties as an anti-gibberellin as well as the increase of activites of free radical scavengers such as SOD and POD.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.211-214
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• 2005

The studies were conducted to obtain basic informations on inheritance of some quantitative characters in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Seven parents (Felibon, Renka, Processor, Kaboom, $BO_{22}$, Local variety $\#1$ and Local variety $\#2)$ and $F_1$ hybrids of 21 crosses from a set of diallel cross among varieties were used to estimate combining ability for eight agronomic characters such as days to flowering, days to maturity, stem length, pod numbers per plant, pod length, grain numbers per plant, 100-grain weight and grain weight per plant. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significantly different among all characters, and values of GCA were greater than those of SCA in all characters except number of grains per plant. In effect of GCA, Felibon expressed high GCA effect for days to flowering and number of grains per plant. Local variety $\#1$ showed high GCA effect for 100-grain weight and stem length. Local variety $\#2$appeared to high GCA effect for 100-grain weight and grain weight per plant. Processor expressed high GCA effect for days to maturity and grain weight per plant. Kaboom showed high GCA effect days to flowering and days to maturity. $BO_{22}$ appeared high GCA effect for all characters except for days to flowering, days to maturity and stem length. In the SCA effect, crosses of Felibonx Renka and Local variety $\#2{\times}Processor$ exhibited in high negative effect for days to flowering. Thus, these crosses were evaluated to useful for breeding early maturing variety. Crosses of breeding high yield variety were considered of $Felibon{\times}Local$ variety $\#1$, $Felibon{\times}Renka$ and Local variety $\#2{\times}BO_{22}$.