• Title/Summary/Keyword: Beam-Column

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SMA 적용 상·하부 ㄱ형강 CFT 기둥-보 접합부의 내진성능 (Seismic Performance of Top and Seat Angle CFT Column-to-Beam Connections with SMA)

  • 김주우;이성주
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.423-434
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    • 2017
  • 본 논문에서는 반복하중을 받는 부분강접 접합부인 상 하부 ㄱ형강 접합부의 이력거동을 구하기 위하여 체계적인 수치해석이 수행되었다. 이러한 상 하부 ㄱ형강 접합부는 CFT 합성골조의 원상복원 및 충분한 에너지 소산 능력을 확보하기 위하여 초탄성 성질을 갖는 형상기억합금(SMA)으로 제작된 봉과 ㄱ형강이 적용된다. 접합부의 회전강성, 휨모멘트 내력 및 파괴모드를 연구하기 위하여 3차원 비선형 유한요소 해석이 수행되었다. 부가적인 다양한 구조적 거동은 ㄱ형강의 두께 및 강봉 게이지 거리로 상 하부 ㄱ형강 접합의 파라미터에 대한 영향을 설명하고 있다.

Alternative reliability-based methodology for evaluation of structures excited by earthquakes

  • Gaxiola-Camacho, J. Ramon;Haldar, Achintya;Reyes-Salazar, Alfredo;Valenzuela-Beltran, Federico;Vazquez-Becerra, G. Esteban;Vazquez-Hernandez, A. Omar
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.361-377
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    • 2018
  • In this paper, an alternative reliability-based methodology is developed and implemented on the safety evaluation of structures subjected to seismic loading. To effectively elaborate the approach, structures are represented by finite elements and seismic loading is applied in time domain. The accuracy of the proposed reliability-based methodology is verified using Monte Carlo Simulation. It is confirmed that the presented approach provides adequate accuracy in calculating structural reliability. The efficiency and robustness in problems related to performance-based seismic design are verified. A structure designed by experts satisfying all post-Northridge seismic design requirements is studied. Rigidities related to beam-to-column connections are incorporated. The structure is excited by three suites of ground motions representing three performance levels: immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. Using this methodology, it is demonstrated that only hundreds of deterministic finite element analyses are required for extracting reliability information. Several advantages are documented with respect to Monte Carlo Simulation. To showcase an applicability extension of the proposed reliability-based methodology, structural risk is calculated using simulated ground motions generated via the broadband platform developed by the Southern California Earthquake Center. It is validated the accuracy of the broadband platform in terms of structural reliability. Based on the results documented in this paper, a very solid, sound, and precise reliability-based methodology is proved to be acceptable for safety evaluation of structures excited by seismic loading.

Seismic response analysis of steel frames with post-Northridge connection

  • Mehrabian, Ali;Haldar, Achintya;Reyes-Salazar, Alfredo
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.271-287
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    • 2005
  • The seismic behavior of two steel moment-resisting frames, which satisfy all the current seismic design requirements, are evaluated and compared in the presence of pre-Northridge connections denoted as BWWF and an improved post-Northridge connections denoted as BWWF-AD. Pre-Northridge connections are modeled first as fully restrained (FR) type. Then they are considered to be partially restrained (PR) to model their behavior more realistically. The improved post-Northridge connections are modeled as PR type, as proposed by the authors. A sophisticated nonlinear time-domain finite element program developed by the authors is used for the response evaluation of the frames in terms of the overall rotation of the connections and the maximum drift. The frames are excited by ten recorded earthquake time histories. These time histories are then scaled up to produce some relevant response characteristics. The behaviors of the frames are studied comprehensively with the help of 120 analyses. Following important observations are made. The frames produced essentially similar rotation and drift for the connections modeled as FR type and PR type represented by BWWF-AD indicating that the presence of slots in the web of beams in BWWF-AD is not detrimental to the overall response behavior. When the lateral displacements of the frames are significantly large, the responses are improved if BWWF-AD type connections are used in the frames. This study analytically confirms many desirable features of BWWF-AD connections. PR frames have longer periods of vibration in comparison to FR frames and may attract lower inertia forces. However, calculated periods of the frames of this study using FEMA 350 empirical equation is longer than those calculated using dynamic characteristics of the frames. This may result in even lower design forces and may adversely influence the design.

Seismic performance of RC buildings subjected to past earthquakes in Turkey

  • Inel, Mehmet;Meral, Emrah
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.483-503
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    • 2016
  • This study aims to evaluate seismic performance of existing low and mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings by comparing their displacement capacities and displacement demands under selected ground motions experienced in Turkey as well as demand spectrum provided in 2007 Turkish Earthquake Code for design earthquake with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for soil class Z3. It should be noted that typical residential buildings are designed according to demand spectrum of 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Three RC building sets as 2-, 4- and 7-story, are selected to represent reference low-and mid-rise buildings located in the high seismicity region of Turkey. The selected buildings are typical beam-column RC frame buildings with no shear walls. The outcomes of detailed field and archive investigation including approximately 500 real residential RC buildings established building models to reflect existing building stock. Total of 72 3-D building models are constructed from the reference buildings to include the effects of some properties such as structural irregularities, concrete strength, seismic codes, structural deficiencies, transverse reinforcement detailing, and number of story on seismic performance of low and mid-rise RC buildings. Capacity curves of building sets are obtained by nonlinear static analyses conducted in two principal directions, resulting in 144 models. The inelastic dynamic characteristics are represented by "equivalent" Single-Degree-of- Freedom (ESDOF) systems using obtained capacity curves of buildings. Nonlinear time history analysis is used to estimate displacement demands of representative building models idealized with (ESDOF) systems subjected to the selected ground motion records from past earthquakes in Turkey. The results show that the significant number of pre-modern code 4- and 7-story buildings exceeds LS performance level while the modern code 4- and 7-story buildings have better performances. The findings obviously indicate the existence of destructive earthquakes especially for 4- and 7-story buildings. Significant improvements in the performance of the buildings per modern code are also obvious in the study. Almost one third of pre-modern code buildings is exceeding LS level during records in the past earthquakes. This observation also supports the building damages experienced in the past earthquake events in Turkey.

Collapse of steel cantilever roof of tribune induced by snow loads

  • Altunisik, Ahmet C.;Ates, Sevket;Husem, Metin;Genc, Ali F.
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.273-283
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, it is aimed to present a detail investigation related to structural behavior of laterally unrestrained steel cantilever roof of tribune with slender cross section. The structure is located in Tutak town in $A{\breve{g}}r{{\i}}$ and collapsed on October 25, 2015 at eastern part of Turkey is considered as a case study. This mild sloped roof structure was built from a variable I beam, and supported on steel columns of 5.5 m height covering totally $240m^2$ closed area in plan. The roof of tribune collapsed completely without any indication during first snowfall after construction at midnight a winter day, fortunately before the opening hours. The meteorological records and observations of local persons are combined together to estimate the intensity of snow load in the region and it is compared with the code specified values. Also, the wide/thickness and height/thickness ratios for flange and web are evaluated according to the design codes. Three dimensional finite element model of the existing steel tribune roof is generated considering project drawings and site investigations using commercially available software ANSYS. The displacements, principal stresses and strains along to the cantilever length and column height are given as contour diagrams and graph format. In addition to site investigation, the numerical and analytical works conducted in this study indicate that the unequivocal reasons of the collapse are overloading action of snow load intensity, some mistakes made in the design of steel cantilever beams, insufficient strength and rigidity of the main structural elements, and construction workmanship errors.

다축압축 실험에 적용되는 철제 빗살구조 재하판의 구조 설계 기법 (Structural design method of the steel brush type loading platen adopted in multi-axial compression experiments)

  • 사공명;이준석;김성수
    • 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.351-359
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    • 2007
  • 지반재료중의 하나인 암반의 물성평가 및 원지반상에서의 역학적 암반거동 평가를 위하여 다축(이축 혹은 진삼축) 압축실험이 수행되고 있다. 이러한 다축압축 실험의 경우에는 적용되는 경계조건에 따라 실험체내의 내부 응력이 예상과 다르게 작용하게 되며 결국 실험결과의 왜곡을 발생시킬 수 있으므로 적절한 경계조건의 설정은 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 하중재하판과 실험체의 경계면상에서 발생할 수 있는 마찰저항을 감소시키기 위하여 사용된 철제 빗살구조의 재하판에 대한 구조 설계 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 각 빗살의 길이 및 단면의 계산을 위하여 각 빗살은 고정단에 지지된 단순보와 고정단에 지지된 기둥의 형태로 가정되었으며 좌굴과 실험체의 변형에 따른 빗살의 처짐을 고려하는 방법이 적용되었다.

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20층 가새 철골구조물의 반강접 접합부에 관한 해석적 연구 (An Analytical Study on Semi-Rigid Connections of 20-Story Braced Steel Structures)

  • 강석봉;김진형
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제12권1호통권44호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2000
  • 본 연구에서는 보-기둥 접합부 비선형 거동과 부재 기하비선형을 고려할 수 있는 2차 탄성해석 프로그램을 이용하여 20층 가새 철골구조물에서 반강접 접합부가 구조물의 거동에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 구조물 전체에 미치는 영향으로 P-delta 효과와 최상층 수평변위를 확인하였고 국부적인 영향으로 부재력 분배 및 부재에 발생하는 조합응력을 조사하였다. 수평하중과 수직하중을 받는 구조물에 가새와 같이 횡력에 저항하는 구조시스템이 있는 경우 전단접합부를 반강접 접합부로 대체하여도 P-delta 효과 및 최상층 수평변위에 문제가 없었으며 부재력 분배에 의하여 펄 부재치수를 줄일 수 있어 경제적인 구조설계가 가능하였다.

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CFT 합성골조의 내진성능을 위한 스마트 반강접합의 이력거동 (Hysteresis Behavior of Partially Restrained Smart Connections for the Seismic Performance of Composite Frame)

  • 김주우
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2015
  • 상하부 스플릿 T 접합부를 이용한 스마트 CFT 기둥-보 접합부는 긴결재의 직경과 체결력, 스플릿 T 형강의 기하학적 형상, 재료적 물성 특성 등의 변화에 의하여 상이한 거동특성을 나타낸다. 본 논문은 반복하중을 받는 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부의 구조적 거동에 대해 체계적으로 수행된 3차원 비선형 유한요소 해석으로부터 얻은 결과를 제시하고 있다. 이러한 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부는 CFT 합성골조의 변위복원 및 충분한 에너지 소산 능력을 확보하기 위하여 초탄성 성질을 갖는 형상기억합금(SMA)과 강으로 제작된 봉과 T-stub가 적용된다. 부가적인 다양한 구조적 거동은 T-stub의 두께 및 게이지 거리로 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부의 파라미터에 대한 영향을 설명하고 있다.

긴장재 적용조건에 따른 셀프센터링 접합부의 구조성능에 관한 연구 (Structural Performance on the Self-centering Connections with Different Conditions of PT Strands)

  • 정미진;윤성기
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2017
  • 잔류변형이 효과적으로 제어되어 곧은 상태를 유지시켜주는 셀프센터링 접합부에 대하여 반복가력 해석을 시행했으며 초기 긴장력과 긴장재의 개수에 따른 구조적 거동을 분석하였다. 셀프센터링 효과를 발휘하기 위해서 초기 긴장력은 ㄱ형강의 항복모멘트보다 커야하며 주요부재의 손상을 최소화 하기 위해서 압축상쇄모멘트는 보의 전소성모멘트의 0.35이하로 하는 것이 타당하다고 판단된다. 또한 긴장재 개수가 증가할수록 단일 긴장재에 작용하는 초기 긴장력이 감소하여 셀프센터링 성능을 확보할 수 있으므로 긴장재의 초기 긴장응력은 항복응력의 75% 이하로 하는 것을 제안하였다.

웨브를 볼트로 접합한 보-기둥 접합부의 유한요소해석 (FEA of Beam-Column Connection with Bolted Web)

  • 신경재;임보혁;이수헌;최성모
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.305-316
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    • 2011
  • 건축물이 크고 높아질수록 고강도 강재의 필요성이 부각 되었고 이러한 요구에 따라 강도와 항복비가 개선된 성능을 가진 강재들이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고강도강재를 사용한 웨트볼트 접합방식을 가지는 모멘트접합부의 거동을 ABAQUS를 사용한 유한요소해석을 통하여 파악하였다. 해석모델은 이미 수행되어진 실험체를 대상으로 하였으며 파괴시까지의 반복하중을 해석모델에 가력하였다. 유한요소해석결과 실제실험으로는 얻기 힘든 여러 가지의 반응지수들을 구하였다. 이러한 지수들은 응력과 변형에 관계한 값으로 소성회전각이 0.003rad, 0.03rad 그리고 파괴시까지 3단계에서 구하였다. 특히 파괴단계에서 일정한 값을 가지는 변형지수는 충분한 소성거동을 하는 접합부의 강재에 요구되어지는 기계적 성질로 제시하였다.