• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.575-585
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• 2008

There are two beamlines (BLs), 4C1 and 4C2, at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory that are dedicated to small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The 4C1 BL was constructed in early 2000 and is open to public users, including both domestic and foreign researchers. In 2003, construction of the second SAXS BL, 4C2, was complete and commissioning and user support were started. The 4C2 BL uses the same bending magnet as its light source as the 4C1 BL. The 4C1 BL uses a synthetic double multilayer monochromator, whereas the 4C2 BL uses a Si(111) double crystal monochromator for both small angle and wide angle X-ray scattering. In the 4C2 BL, the collimating mirror is positioned behind the monochromator in order to enhance the beam flux and energy resolution. A toroidal focusing mirror is positioned in front of the monochromator to increase the beam flux and eliminate higher harmonics. The 4C2 BL also contains a digital cooled charge coupled detector, which has a wide dynamic range and good sensitivity to weak scattering, thereby making it suitable for a range of SAXS and wide angle X-ray scattering experiments. The general performance of the 4C2 BL was initially tested using standard samples and further confirmed by the experience of users during three years of operation. In addition, several grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements were carried out at the 4C2 BL.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

교량(橋梁, bridge, 다리)은 물 위나 공중에 가설해서 통행하기 편리하게 하는 건축물이다. 다른 건축물에 비해 교량이 요구하는 건축재와 건축구조는 공간을 건널 수 있는 독특한 기능을 가져야 하는데 이는 건축할 때의 생산력, 과학기술 수준과 환경에 달려 있다. 오늘날의 고대 교량에 대한 학술 연구는 대부분 교량 건조기술 분야의 연구에 중점을 두고 있어 교량의 경관 미학과 역사에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구는 한국과 중국의 궁궐 내에 위치한 교량을 대상으로 분석함으로써 두 나라의 교량 형태와 역사 및 문화에 대한 이해와 기술, 미학적 자료의 축적으로서 가치가 있을 것이다. 연구방법은 현장조사와 문헌 분석을 통해 교량을 분석하고자 한다. 첫째, 교량의 재료, 형태, 경관과 장식 문화를 비교함으로써 한중 양국의 궁궐 정원의 교량 건축 스타일에서 물리적 형태미와 경관 및 장식미를 정량적으로 분류하고자 한다. 둘째, 교량의 분류를 통해 양국 교량 양식의 특징과 함께 공통점과 차이점을 추출하고, 그 원인을 물리적 환경이나 문화적 배경 속에서 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 한중 양국 교량의 축조기술과 미학에 대한 상호간 연구에 기여할 것이다. 본 연구의 조사 결과를 보면 첫째, 재료 면에서 한국과 중국 궁궐 정원의 교량은 석재를 위주로 하지만 중국 궁궐의 교량은 목재 또한 운용에 중점을 두고 있다. 둘째, 형태의 면에서 한국과 중국의 궁궐 정원의 교량은 모두 형교를 위주로 한다. 그러나 구체적인 형태, 비율, 형교의 양식, 홍교의 공수 등에 있어서는 차이가 크다. 셋째, 연결 방식의 대부분은 중교형을 위주로 한다. 주변 경관과의 융합을 중시한다. 수면의 면적과 위치의 차이 때문에 한국 궁궐 내 교량은 주변 건물과 식생을 융합하고, 중국 궁궐 내 교량은 수경의 조화에 더 치중한다. 넷째, 장식은 한국과 중국의 궁궐 교량이 모두 교량의 예술성과 미관성을 중시한다. 문화적 특성으로 인해서 같은 유형의 장식이 스타일에 차이점이 있다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.25-49
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• 2009

Advances in technology have resulted in the emergence of new information systems. The convergence of IT and manufacturing sectors has blurred the boundaries among industries. Also, such convergence has become established as a paradigm to build a new area. Especially the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunication, notably in the case of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television), is among the most salient examples of its kind in recent years as a major case of disruptive technology innovation. Despite its much fanfare, such convergence, however, has not fulfilled the expectation; it has not produced positive economic effects while negatively affecting the growth of IPIV. Stakeholders in and around IPIV including telecommunication companies, broadcasting corporations, and government bodies wish to gain control of IPTV under their wings. IPTV has drifted in the midst of conflicts among the stakeholders in and around IPTV, particularly telecommunication and broadcasting organizations in a broad sense. Our empirical research intends to deal with how audiences accept IPTV and how firms provide IPTV services to utilize their resources. Three research questions in this paper include, first, whether Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can sufficiently explain the acceptance of IPTV as an information system. The second question concerns with empirically testing the playful aspect of IPTV to increase its audience acceptance. Last, but not least, this paper deals with how firms can efficiently and effectively allocate their limited resources to increase IPTV viewers. To answer those three main questions of our study, we collect data from 197 current subscribers of high speed internet service and/or cable/satellite television. Empirical results show that 'perceived usefulness (PU) $\rightarrow$ Intention to use' and 'perceived ease of use (PEU) $\rightarrow$ Intention to use' are significant. Also, 'perceived ease of use' is significantly related to 'perceived usefulness.' Perceived ease of handling IPTV without much effort can positively influence the perceived value of IPTV. In this regard, engineers and designers of IPTV should pay more attention to the user-friendly interface of IPTV. In addition, 'perceived playfulness (PP)' of IPTV is positively related to 'intention to use'. Flow, fun and entertainment have recently gained greater attention in the research concerned with information systems. Such attention is due to the changing features of information systems in recent years that combine the functional and leisure attributes. These results give practical implications to the design of IPTV that reflects not just leisure but also functional elements. This paper also investigates the relationship between 'perceived ease of use (PEU)' and 'perceived playfulness (PP).' PEU is positively related to pp. Audiences without fear can be attracted more easily to the user-friendly IPTV, thereby perceiving the fun and entertainment with ease. Practical implications from this finding are that, to attract more interest and involvement from the audience, IPTV needs to be designed with similar or even more user friendly interface. Of the factors related to 'intention to use', 'perceived usefulness (PU)' and 'perceived ease of use (PEU)' have greater impacts than 'perceived playfulness (PP).' Between PU and PEU, their impacts on 'intention to use' are not significantly different statistically. Managerial implications of this finding are that firms in preparation for the launch of IPTV service should prioritize the functions and interface of IPTV. This empirical paper also provides further insight into the ways in which firms can strategically allocate their limited resources so as to appeal to viewers, both current and potential, of IPTV.