• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.887-896
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• 1995

In order to determine the efficacy of $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ strips(Bayer AG) against the mite Varroa jacobsoni and the safety of $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ strips in honey bees, a series of trials was carried out under field condition in autumn and spring. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The average varroacidal rate of $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ strips was 92.7% in autumn and 93.7% in spring. However the average varroacidal rats of treated control group was 73.8 % in autumn and 75.1 % in spring, and that of untreated control group was 12.1 % in autumn and 16.1 % in spring. 3. The average number of dead bees in $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ group was 13.0 in recommended dosage(RD), 12.3 in 2 times of RD and 14.0 in 4 times of 70 in autumn, and 19.7 in RD,17.0 in 2 times of RD and 19.0 in 4 times of RD in spring. However the average number of dead bees in treated control groups was 38.3 in RD, 62.7 in 2 times of RD and 60.3 in 4 times of RD in autumn and 18.0 in RD, 43.3 in 2 times of RD and 102 in 4 times of RD in spring and that of untreated control of group was 12.7 in autumn and 19.3 in spring. 3. The varroacidal effects and the number of dead bees of all groups were higher in spring than in autumn. 4. It was revealed that $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ were highly saft and effective varroacides for honey bees.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.537-542
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• 1995

In this study, we aim to find the presence of virulence-related plasmid in Salmonella isolates from poultry, and the difference between S pullorum and S gallinarum on the plasmid profile and antibiotics resistance. We used seventeen isolates of Salmonella spp that were isolated from poultry. Thirteen isolates, S typhimurium(ST), S pullorum(SP) and S gallinarum(SG), contained virulence-related plasmids. These are 95Kd plasmid in ST and 85Kd plasmid in SP and SG. Three(1/4 of ST, 1/1 of SE, and 1/9 of SP) isolates have no detectable plasmids. The isolates of ST have relatively variable plasmid profile but the isolates of S pullorum except No 12(additional 3.0Kb plasmid) have common 85K6, 8.1Kb, 4.0Kb and 2.3Kb plasmid and two of three isolates of S gallinarum have common 85Kb, 4.0Kb and 2.3Kb plasmid but the rest has only 85Kb plasmid. Interestingly, all of the isolates of SP have 8.1Kb plasmid, and same size of plasmid is also found in one of ST isolates. All of the isolates have the resistance to penicillin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, streptomycin, sulfamethazine and some isolates show the resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. There is no relatedness between plasmid profile and antibiotics resistance and no differences between SP and SG in antibiotics resistance. Therefore further differentiation of each isolates by restriction enzyme assay and, if possible, charaterization of each plasmid, especially, 8.1Kb plasmid in SP and ST, may be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.531-536
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• 1995

Salmonella species are the most prevalent etiologic agents of food-borne acute gastroenteritis. Direct isolation of bacteria from the contaminated food, stool and animal tissues has been used for the diagnosis of salmonellosis routinely. However, isolation of bacteria is time consuming work and not so highly sensitive. In recent years, improved methods of polymerization chain reaction(PCR) and probe hybridization technique have led to the developement of diagnostic assays which employ to detect various human and animal pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we have performed the polymerization chain reaction to detect Salmonella pullorum from tissues and stool samples of chickens with two specific primers, ST5 and ST8C. The target DNA fragment of PhoE gene was successfully amplified from liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, lung, ovary, oviduct and feces samples. The amplified DNA fragments were hybridized with Salmonella typhymurium TA3000 PhoE probe by Southern hybridization. The PCR to amplify the PhoE gene was highly rapid and sensitive method to detect Salmonella pullorum from tissues and stool samples.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Winter wheat is susceptible to several fungal pathogens throughout the growing season and foliar fungicide application is one of the strategies used in the management of fungal diseases in winter wheat. However, for fungicides to be profitable, weather conditions conducive to fungal disease development should be present. To determine if winter wheat yield response to fungicide application at the flowering growth stage (Feekes 10.5.1) was related to the growing season precipitation, grain yield from fungicide treated plots was compared to non-treated plots for 19 to 30 hard red winter wheat cultivars planted at 8 site years from 2011 through 2015. At all locations, Prothioconazole + Tebuconazole or Tebuconazole alone was applied at flowering timing for the fungicide treated plots. Grain yield response (difference between treated and non-treated) ranged from 66-696 kg/ha across years and locations. Grain yield response had a positive and significant linear relationship with cumulative rainfall in May through June for the mid and top grain yield ranked cultivars ($R^2=54%$, 78%, respectively) indicating that a higher amount of accumulated rainfall in this period increased chances of getting a higher yield response from fungicide application. Cultivars treated with a fungicide had slightly higher protein content (up to 0.5%) compared to non-treated. These results indicate that application of fungicides when there is sufficient moisture in May and June may increase chances of profitability from fungicide application.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.536-544
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• 2021

5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) is a standard therapy for the treatment of mild to moderate forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) whereas more severe forms involve the use of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that has shown epithelium protective effects in experimental colitis recently. In this study, both 5-ASA (30 mg/kg) and HA (15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) were administered rectally and investigated for their potential complementary therapeutic effects in moderate or severe murine colitis models. Intrarectal treatment of moderate and severe colitis with 5-ASA alone or HA alone at a dose of 30 mg/kg led to a significant decrease in clinical activity and histology scores, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in colitis mice compared to untreated animals. The combination of HA (30 mg/kg) and 5-ASA in severe colitis led to a significant improvement of colitis compared to 5-ASA alone. Combined rectal therapy with HA and 5-ASA could be a treatment alternative for severe cases of IBD as it was the only treatment tested that was not significantly different from the healthy control group. This study further underlines the benefit of searching for yet unexplored drug combinations that show therapeutic potential in IBD without the need of designing completely new drug entities.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2022

Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) is a very useful in vivo technique to visualize the inner ear pathology including endolymphatic hydrops. Although systemic intravenous (IV) administration can visualize the perilymph space, the visualization was possible by indirect passage of contrast agent through blood-perilymph barrier. All animal experimental procedures were performed under anesthesia with 5% isoflurane. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was instilled into the left tympanic cavity through the tympanic membrane using a sterile 27gauge needle to induce hydrops model. Tucker-Davis Technologies system was used to measure Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs). For intracerebroven-tricular (ICV) administration, 25 µmol of GADOVIST (Bayer, Berlin, Germany) was used and diluted GADOVIST injection was 10 µl. MR imaging was acquired with a 9.4 Tesla MRI scanner. Transmit-receive volume coil with 40 mm inner diameter and 75 mm out diameter was used. ICV administration well demonstrated the strong enhancement along the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microcirculation pathway including CSF fluid in the subarachnoid space and CSF space of the inner ear structures. On the other hand, IV administration showed no contrast enhancement along the CSF microcirculation pathway and showed weak enhancement in the inner ear structures. In case of rat hydrops model, ICV administration showed that the reduced contrast enhancement in the perilymph space of the hydrops induced inner ear compared to the contrast enhancement in the perilymph space of the normal inner ear. New systemic ICV administration method provide contrast enhancement of GBCA in the inner ear through CSF microcirculation pathway.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.827-833
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• 2008

Purpose : Early identification of iron deficiency in young children is essential to prevent damaging long-term consequences. It is often difficult for the pediatrician to know which indices should be used when diagnosing these conditions especially in hospitalized young children. This study investigated the clinical significances of reticulocyte hemoglobin content in young children with acute infection. Methods : We studied 69 young children aged from 6 to 24 months admitted with acute infection in a single center. Venous blood was drawn to determine hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), hemoglobin content (CH), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) using ADVIA 120 (Bayer Diagnostics, NY, USA). For evaluating iron status, iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin and transferrin saturation (Tfsat) were determined. Iron deficiency was defined as Tfsat less than 20%, and iron deficiency anemia as Tfsat less than 20% and Hb level less than 11 g/dL. Results : In all, 47 were iron deficient; 17 of these had iron deficiency anemia. CHr was the only significant predictor of iron deficiency (likelihood ratio test=71.25; odds ratio=0.67; P<0.05). Plasma ferritin level had no predictive value (P=0.519). Subjects with CHr less than 27.4 pg had lower Hb level, MCH, CH, Tfsat, and iron levels than those with CHr 27.4 pg or more (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion : CHr level was a sensitive screening tool and the strongest predictor of iron deficiency in hospitalized infants with acute infection; it was cost saving and avoiding additional sampling. However its reference range should be established.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2018

Objectives : Clozapine is a widely prescribed antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia and is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease due to its metabolic side effects. However, little is known about the effect of clozapine on the platelet activation, another important factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect of clozapine on platelet activity in patients with schizophrenia by comparing the mean platelet component (MPC) values before and after the clozapine administration. Methods : A retrospective review of medical records of patients with schizophrenia, who newly started clozapine treatment from September 1st, 2003 to April 30th, 2007 at the Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University Hospital in Republic of Korea was performed. The final statistical analysis included 14 participants. Bayer ADVIA $120^{(R)}$ system was used to measure MPC. Results : Among the 14 participants, five subjects were males (28.60%), and ten subjects were females (71.40%). The mean age of participants was $37.50{\pm}11.64years$. Average of duration of illness was $91.00{\pm}93.96months$, with the mean dosage of clozapine taken by participants at the time of the last blood test was $337.50{\pm}109.52mg$. The mean MPC measurement before and after receiving clozapine was $26.12{\pm}2.22g/dL$ and $25.14{\pm}2.08g/dL$ respectively. Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in MPC levels after clozapine administration (V=16, p=0.024). Conclusions : Decreased MPC levels after clozapine administration implies that clozapine may increase platelet activation which could have an adverse effect on the occurrence of thromboembolic disease. Our findings also suggest that careful monitoring of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, such as platelets activity, is necessary when administering clozapine.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2013

This study was carried out of investigate the effect of weed control methods on the growth of 'campbell early' grape at the vineyards which was divided into the 18 zone ($3.5m{\times}5.5m/zone$) in the grape research institute. It's investigated control effects, growth and quantity of grape and dominant weed of July~August by sprayed glufosinate ammonium and paraquat dichloride each 3 times, fabric covering, grass planting (Festuca myuros), mechanical weeding (3 times). The weed showed total of 16 species at the vineyards. Late-May to early growth stage of grape was dominated Chenopodium album and Trifolium repens, but to late growth stage of grape from mid-July was dominated Erigeron canadensis, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chenopodium album. Weed control effect of 10 day after treatment showed fabric covering 100%, grass planting (Festuca myuros L.) 95.3%, mechanical weeding 81.9%, glufosinate ammonium (3 times) 98.1% and paraquat dichloride (3 times) 90.4%, respectively. Growth of grape was higher herbicides treatment and mechanical weeding than others. Yield tended to be higher glufosinate ammonium (3 times) and paraquat dichloride (3 times) each 12.6 kg/tree, 12.3 kg/tree than others.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.68-74
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• 2017

This paper presents a joint demosaicking and arbitrary-ratio down sampling algorithm for color filter array (CFA) images. Color demosaiking is a necessary part of image signal processing pipeline for many types of digital image recording system using single sensor. Also, such as smart phone, obtained high resolution image from image sensor has to be down-sampled to be displayed on the screen. The conventional solution is "Demosaicking first and down sampling later". However, this scheme requires a significant amount of memory and computational cost. Also, artifacts can be introduced or details get damaged during demosaicking and down sampling process. In this paper, we propose a method in which demosaicking and down sampling are working simultaneously. We use inverse mapping of Bayer CFA and then joint demosaicking and down sampling with arbitrary-ratio scheme based on signal decomposition of high and low frequency component in input data. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm has better image quality performance and much less computational cost than those of conventional solution.