• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.54-64
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• 2021

Electric vehicles use lithium-ion battery packs as the power supply, where the batteries are connected in series or parallel. The temperature control of each battery is essential to ensure a consistent overall temperature. This study focused on reducing ohmic heating caused by batteries to realize a uniform battery temperature. The battery spacing was optimized to improve air cooling, and the tilt angle between the batteries was varied to optimize the internal structure of the batterypack. Simulations were performed to evaluate the effects of these parameters, and the results showed that the optimal scheme effectively achieved a uniform battery temperature under a constant power discharge. These findings can contribute to future research on cooling methods for battery packs.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2023

Lithium-ion batteries are predominantly employed in electric vehicles and energy storage devices, offering the advantage of high energy density. However, they are susceptible to efficiency degradation when operated at high temperatures due to their sensitivity to the external environment. In this study, we conducted experiments using an indirect cooling method to prevent thermal runaway and explosions in lithium-ion batteries. The results were validated by comparing them with heat transfer simulations conducted through a commercial finite element analysis program. The experiments included single-cell exothermic tests and cooling experiments on a battery pack with 10 cells connected in series, utilizing 21700 lithium-ion batteries. To block external temperature influences, the experimental environment featured an extrusion method insulation in the environmental chamber. The cooling system, suitable for indirect cooling, was constructed with copper tubes and pins. The heat transfer analysis began by presenting a single-cell heating model using commercial software, which was then employed to analyze the heating and cooling of the battery pack.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.414-422
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• 2017

This paper reviews the core technical trends of TESLA EV Motors. The TESLA EV Motors is explosively popular with a considerable recharging infrastructure, a wide 17-[inch] touch display, 417 [HP], and 378 [km] going distance. The object of this study analyzes the body appearance, motor and, battery cooling system, battery arrangement, battery management system, super charging station, power electronics, and induction motor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.801-807
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• 2016

This paper aims to compare and study the cooling performance of a battery system in accordance with the inlet and outlet geometry of the air passage in an EV. The arrangement and the heat source of the battery module were fixed, and the inlet/outlet area and its geometry were varied with the analysis of the cooling performance. The results of this study provide suggestions for the air flow stream line inside of a battery, the velocity field, and the temperature distributions. It was confirmed that the volume flow rate of air should be over $400m^3/h$, in order to satisfy conditions under $50^{\circ}C$, which is the limit condition for stable operation. It was also revealed that the diffuser outlet geometry can improve the cooling performance of battery system.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.667-672
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• 1997

Thermal behavior of high capacity Nickel/Metal hybride battery in analyzed using the NISA software which is based on the three dimensional finite element method. Differential energy balance equation is used for the conduction heat transfer of the battery, while convective heat transfer equation is used for the interface between the battery and air. Heat generation rate and convective heat transfer coefficient are tested as variables to investigate thermal behavior, and the generalized equation for maximum temperature inside the battery is developed. The abrupt rise of the battery temperature due to the quick charge or discharge can be prevented from the use of metallic cooling fin. In addition, temperature augmentation of the battery is negligible when the low thermal conductive and thin insulating material is used outside of the battery case.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2003

The Intelligent Power Unit (IPU) utilized in Honda's Civic Hybrid Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) system was developed with the aim of making every component lighter, more compact and more efficient than those in the former model. To reduce energy loss, inverter efficiency was increased by fine patterning of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) chips, 12V DC-DC converter efficiency was increased by utilizing soft-switching, and the internal resistance of the IMA battery was lowered by modifying the electrodes and the current collecting structure. These improvements reduced the amount of heat generated by the unit components and made it possible to combine the previously separated Power Control Unit (PCU) and battery cooling systems into a single system. Consolidation of these two cooling circuits into one has reduced the volume of the newly developed IPU by 42% compared to the former model.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2020

Automotive battery system consists of various components such as battery cells, mechanical structures, cooling system, and control system. Recently, various computational technologies are required to develop an automotive battery system. Physics-based cell modeling is used for designing a new battery cell by conducting optimization of material selection and composition in electrodes. Structural analysis plays an important role in designing a protective system of battery system from mechanical shock and vibration. Thermal modeling is used in development of thermal management system to maintain the temperature of battery cells in safe range. Finally, vehicle simulation is conducted to validate the performance of electric vehicle with the developed battery system.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.310-317
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• 2013

To reduce vehicle fuel consumption due to not only driving but also air conditioning, battery-operated non-starting conditioning systems with thermoelectric modules and without mechanical elements like compressors are being manufactured for use by hybrid heavy trucks in the near future. In this study, the voltage and current consumed by a thermoelectric module were measured to determine the required battery power, and the performance of the conditioning system with air temperature, and humidity of the inlet/outlet modules and inside/outside the cabin for a truck, was evaluated using experimental apparatus under actual conditions. The results showed that, the thermoelectric module can be continously operated for about 1.5 h using existing 24 V batteries. The coefficent of performance(COP) of the cooling and heating modes was calculated to be an average 0.8-1.32. As expected, the heating performance was 30% more efficient than the cooling performance, which is general characteristic of thermoelectric modules.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.305-313
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a corrosion inhibitor on the pitting corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys used in electric vehicle battery cooling systems within a mixture of ethylene glycol and water (EG-W) coolant. Potentiodynamic polarization testing revealed unstable passive film formation on the aluminum alloys in the absence of SDBS. However, the addition of SDBS resulted in a robust passive film, enhancing the pitting corrosion resistance across all examined alloys. Pitting corrosion was predominantly observed near intermetallic compounds in the presence of Cl? ions, which was attributed to galvanic interactions. Among tested alloys, A1040 demonstrated superior resistance due to its lower areal fraction of precipitates and donor density. The incorporation of SDBS inhibitors mitigated the overall pitting corrosion process by hindering Cl? ion penetration. These findings suggest that SDBS can significantly improve pitting corrosion resistance in aluminum alloys employed in battery coolant environments.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.11 s.242
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• pp.1173-1181
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• 2005

The cooling effect of a mobile phone using PCM(Phase Change Material) module has been numerically investigated. A transient three-dimensional numerical analysis of heat and fluid flow with natural convection is performed in this study. Governing conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy are solved by an implicit finite volume method. An enthalpy-porosity technique has been used for modeling of the melting process. Two different ways of placing the PCM module are considered. One is to place a PCM module between the substrate and battery pack, and the other is to place a PCM module between MCM(multichip module) and battery pack. Three different types of PCMs are used to predict the performance of PCM. The results show that passive cooling with PCM can reduce the temperature rise and the effect of natural convection in PCM module considered in this study is negligible.