• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2007

The aim of this article is to review the general property of the famous traditional Korean paper, "rice straw paper"(Bast-Fiber mixed with straw pulp), and to compare the paper qualities varying with the composition ratio of straw pulp, in order to revive the traditional paper in modem Korea. The experiment was carried out by making first the two different mixture papers, i. e., one is the paper of 50% bast fiber mixed with 50% straw pulp, and the other is the paper of 75% bast fiber with 25% oats straw pulp, and finally the 100% bast fiber paper was made for the purpose of comparison. The qualitative properties of these three kinds of paper with the different mixing ratio of the straw pulp were evaluated, and the findings of the experiment can be summarized as follow: 1. As to the quality aspects of the paper strength like tensile strength, breaking length, elongation, and tear strength, the test proved the 100% bast fiber paper as best, and the 50% mixed paper as the next good one. 2. In aspect of the printing adaptability such as density, opacity, brightness, whiteness, lab colors, air permeability, and roughness, the 50% mixed paper proved to be the best, due to the short cells in the straw pulp. 3. As to the air permeability, the larger ratio of straw pulp was found to be the lesser, and 75% bast fiber with 25% straw pulp mixture paper and the 100% bast fiber one were found 1/5 degree efficient. 4. In terms of the water absorption degree, 100% bast fiber paper was the fastest, but in case of mixture paper, 50% mixed one was a little faster up to the point of 1cm, while the two kinds of mixed ones appear to be almost similar to each other beyond the point. 5. The straw pulp mixed paper, especially the 50% mixed one was evaluated as the highest by the calligraphers who had experienced using the papers in terms of movement and feeling of the caligraphy and painting. In addition, although the 25% mixed paper is judged to be good for book printing because of the strength, the 50% mixed paper can be thought to be more desirable for painting and calligraphy. In conclusion, we will be able to make the quality paper with durability, by mixing the straw pulp with the bast fiber in proper ratio, following the tradition of Korean paper making.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2003

Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar, Tainung 2, had been grown for 152 days at the experimental farm of Jinju National University, Gajoa-dong, Jinju-si, Kyongnam, Korea. The planting, growth rate, fertilization and structural characteristics as well as the cultivation and growth characteristics of kenaf, and the product usage were investigated. The narrowest diameter at kenaf bottom was 10 mm, the widest 42 mm and the average about 28 mm, and the shortest height 150 cm, the tallest 480 cm and the average about 350 cm. The weight of a core fraction was 68.1％ and a bast fraction 31.9％. The weight ratio of core material to bast fiber was 2.31. The weight ratio of dry stem was 73.5％ and that of leaves 26.5％. The weight of dry plant produced in 1 $m^2$ was 1,467 g, and about 1,052 g of stem could be used for the commercial purpose, The application of fertilizers resulted in the increase of the growth rate of the diameter at plant bottom and the height. Bast fiber, phloem ray and cortex parenchyma cell were observed in bast, and vessel, wood fiber and ray in core.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

Despite the ubiquity of electronic media, paper is still the most generally readable carrier of information. Because paper materials are deteriorated by chemical, biological and physical factors over time, there have been major concerns about the decay of large collections of books, publications, old maps, historical artifacts, and written records. Therefore, manufacture of permanent paper has been a highly debated issue in paper conservation research. Through the use of permanent paper, our new records, journals, library books, art works, and all culturally and historically important documents can be preserved. In this study, handsheets were made of mixture of hemp bast fiber produced by soda pulping and HwBKP varying the amount of hemp. Physical, mechanical and optical properties of each handsheet were examined. As the ratio of hemp bast fiber increased, mechanical properties were improved significantly, but opacity decreased. After aging, the optical properties of the handsheets mixed with the hemp bast fiber more decreased than those of the non-mixed handsheet. The more mixture ratio of hemp bast fiber increased, the more decreasing rate of optical properties increased. As a result, it was confirmed that hemp bast fiber is a very promising resource for the manufacturing of permanent paper.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1194-1205
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• 1999

The hand characteristics of bast blended fabrics are studied by a subective evaluation method. To offer basic data for development of better hand of bast fiber fabrics customer's hand preference surveys are executed as well. IN this study 51 varieties of linen or ramie blended fabrics of various blending ratio density and thickness and Hansan ramie Chinese ramie and a Shingosen fabics of various blending ratio density and thickness and Hansan ramie Chinese ramie and a Shingosen farbic and used. To evaluate the hand of the fabrics subjectively nine ranks' semantic differential scale questions of 26 items are developed with adjective pairs. A seven ranks' scale is also developed to evaluate hand preferences in blouse and jacket cloths, Through subjective evaluation of bast blended fabrics the 26 items could be classified into seven kinds of hand classification : surface characteristics extensibility/drapability felling of heaviness stiffness resilience moisture property and feeling of density. The cumulative variance value explained by these seven factors is 67.18% According to the results of fabrics' preference by age groups no significant differences are found in blouse cloths but a few significant differences are found among different age groups in jacket clothes. However experts and non-experts show considerable differences on preference It can be concluded that fabrics' preference I more dependent on professionality than on age. In the survey experts. However more drapery cloths are preferred by experts and cloths with drier touch are preferred by non-experts. Experts prefer rougher less even less winding heavier and sparser fabrics but non-experts prefer rougher lighter thinner and stiffer fabrics as jacket cloths.

• 임산에너지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

한지의 원료가 되는 닥섬유의 펄프화를 위해 인피부에 목질 분해균을 처리하여 인피섬유의 단섬유화를 위한 미생물의 분해특성과 처리시간별 인피섬유의 분리에 대하여 검토하였다. 판막버섯이나 구름버섯으로 20일간 처리시 중량감소율이 약 50%에 이르러 오히려 이용 가능한 섬유소의 분해도 함께 초래하는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 그러나 꽃구름버섯이나 벽돌빛뿌리 버섯은 인피섬유의 제일 외피에 존재하는 흑청색 부분을 잘 본해시키고 섬유소 손상을 적게하는 특성을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 꽃구름버섯은 처리 10일째가지 78.9%의 셀룰로오스 함량을 유지하고, 리그닌은 7.2%를 나타내어 제일 양호한 분해 양상을 보였다. 현미경적 관찰의 결과에서는 느타리버섯의 경우 처리 30일부터 인피부의 섬유가 분리되어 단섬유화 되며, 50일간 장기간 처리하여도 섬유표면의 손상은 발견되지 않았다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2015

Because of acute or chronic intoxication by carbon disulfide, viscose rayon industry is strictly subjected to environment regulatory approval. Recently, non-wood fibers are frequently considered as a raw materials for the manufacture of specialty paper for the higher physical strength and functionality. Among the non-wood fibers, hemp bast fiber is one of the most widely used materials in viscose rayon yarn industries. In this study, the handsheet for manufacturing the viscose rayon yarn was prepared with wood pulp fibers and hemp bast fibers. The proper mixing ratio of wood fibers and hemp bast fibers with dry-strength agent and nano-celluloses was analysed in terms of physical and mechanical strength of sheet for viscose rayon yarn. The papermaking conditions for high mechanical strength of sheet were obtained by mixing the SwBKP and HwBKP fibers with freeness level of 200 mL CSF. The dual polymer system by controlling the addition ratio of PVAm and anionic PAM was also important. The addition of nano-cellulose into wet-end furnishes increased the physical strength of sheet, and improved the paper structure for the production of viscose rayon yarn.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

SSD는 낸드 플래시 메모리의 배열로 구성되어 있기 때문에 하드 디스크와는 달리 블록 당 쓰기 가능 횟수가 정해져 있고, 덮어쓰기가 불가능 하다는 특성을 가지고 있다. 이와 같이 기존의 하드 디스크와는 다른 특징을 갖는 SSD를 효과적으로 관리하기 위해 FTL을 이용한다. FTL은 맵핑 방식에 따라 페이지, 블록, 로그 블록 맵핑 방식으로 구분하는데, 그 중 로그 블록 맵핑 방식 기법 중 BAST와 FAST는 합병 연산 시 페이지 복사와 삭제 연산이 많이 발생하여 SSD의 성능이 떨어지는 문제를 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위하여 SSD 내부에 PRAM을 접근빈도 체크영역 및 로그 블록과 Hot 데이터를 저장하는 영역으로 할당하여 접근빈도에 따라 데이터를 할당하는 기법 및 교체기법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 접근빈도에 따라 Cold 데이터는 플래시 메모리에 할당하며 덮어쓰기가 가능한 PRAM에 로그 블록과 접근 빈도가 높은 데이터를 할당함으로써, 합병 연산 및 삭제 연산을 줄여 SSD의 성능과 수명을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한 용량의 한계가 있는 PRAM의 활용률을 높이기 위해 데이터 교체 방법을 사용한다. 실험결과 삭제연산의 경우 제안한 방법이 BAST에 비해 약 46%정도 FAST에 비해 약 38%정도 횟수가 감소되었고, 쓰기 성능의 경우 각각 기존 BAST, FAST에 비해 34%, 19%의 성능이 향상되었고, 읽기 성능 역시 각각 5%, 3%의 성능 향상을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2002

본 실험은 산림자원의 감소 예방과 지구의 환경보존을 위해서 생장이 빠르고 펄프원자재로 활용할 수 있는 비목재 섬유작물을 도입하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 또한 부족한 한지의 원료인 닥나무를 수입하고 있는 실정에서, 국내에서 자생하고 있는 비목재섬유로 한지를 제조함으로써 수입대체 및 원가절감 등 일석이조의 효과를 거둘 수 있다. 이에 불량한 환경조건에서도 생육이 왕성한 어저귀(Abutilon avicennae G.)를 재배하여 그간의 진보된 펄프 제조기술을 적용하여 새로운 제지용 원료로 개발함으로써 부족한 원자재는 물론이거니와 국내 부존자원 이용의 극대화를 꾀하고자 실시하였다. 또한 폐기처리되는 농산물의 이용극대화를 꾀하기 위해 전목펄프화를 실시하였다. 그 결과 어저귀는 생장속도가 빠르고 수확기가 짧으며 집약적 재배 및 관리가 가능하여 단위면적당 최대의 수확량을 올릴 수 있었다. 어저귀 인피부의 섬유장은 2.4 mm로써 목재섬유 중 소나무와, 비목재섬유 중 케나프와 매우 유사한 결과를 보여주었고, 화학성분의 분석결과 어저귀 섬유는 추출성분의 함량이 높고 리그닌이 적은 것이 특징적으로 나타났다. 펄프화와 관련하여 인피부는 150℃에서 48~57%, 전간부는 170℃에서 43~51%의 높은 수율을 나타냈고, 설포메틸 펄프화법의 수율이 더 높게 나타났다. 펄프의 탈리그닌율도 두가지 펄프화법이 모두 90% 이상의 높은 탈리그닌율을 나타내었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

To conserve wood resources for papermaking, chemical compositions of the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) bast fiber cultivated in Korea such as holocellulose, ${\alpha}$-cellulose, lignin, alcohol-benzene extractives, hot and cold water extractives, and ash contents were investigated to manufacture the specialty packaging paper effectively. Significantly very low klason lignin content of 3.3% was accomplished by removing of the outer shell of bark. Laboratory soda pulping method which is very useful for the nonwood fiber was adapted, and it was found that there was no significant difference in both kappa number and H-factor between 25% and 30% NaOH charge. Hemp pulp cooked with the laboratory digester in 25% NaOH at $170^{\circ}C$ were mixed together with the wood pulp(NBKP:LBKP=1:1) in order to find the optimum mixture ratio which exhibited acceptable paper strength properties such as tensile index, burst index, and tear strength. When 10% of hemp soda pulps was mixed with 90% of wood pulps comprised of SwBKP and HwBKP (1:1), all physical strength increased significantly. The physical strength decreased as the amount of hemp pulp increased because the cell wall of bast fiber is very thick which causes low conformability and low fiber-fiber bonding. These results showed that paper made of hemp-wood pulp can be used for the specialty packaging paper which requires both the characteristic surface properties and the high physical strength of hemp fiber.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

본 시험은 무궁화과에 속하는 초본 식물인 Kenaf를 경상대학교 시험농장에서 2010년 6월 1일 파종하여 같은 해 11월 18일 수확하여 건조 한 후, 축산분뇨의 수분조절제로서의 가치를 평가하였다. 건조된 Kenaf를 다시 bast, core, leaf으로 분류하여 분쇄를 하였으며, 각각의 분쇄물에 대한 수분 흡수율, 수분 증발률, pH변화, 용적중, C/N비를 측정하였다. 분석 결과 수분흡수율은 대조군으로 사용된 왕겨 및 톱밥과 비하여 높은 수분 흡수율과 증발률을 보였고, pH는 Kenaf의 시료 별 증류수와 72시간 반응 후 측정해 본 결과 pH $2.8{\pm}0.01$ - $4.34{\pm}0.02$ 범위로 톱밥 (pH $5.28{\pm}0.01$) 및 왕겨 (pH $6.3{\pm}0.02$)에 비해 다소 낮게 나타났다. C/N비 분석결과 Kenaf의 core가 649, bast 204, leaf 70 순으로 나타나 대조군으로 사용된 톱밥 (789.1) 보다는 다소 낮았으나 왕겨 (132) 보다는 높은 비율을 보였다. 용적중 시험에서는 Kenaf는 각 시료의 입경에 따라 A(${\geq}4cm$), B(${\leq}4cm$, ${\geq}0.25cm$) 및 C 군(${\leq}0.25cm$) 으로 구분하였고, 시험 결과 bast, core 및 leaf의 경우 입경이 큰 A 군과 B 군은 톱밥 및 왕겨와 비슷한 용적중을 보였으며, 입경의 크기가 작은 C 군의 경우 다소 높은 용적중을 보였고, 특히 leaf C 군의 경우 톱밥 및 왕겨에 비해 5배 이상의 높은 용적중을 보여 입경이 작을수록 용적중이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 축산분뇨의 퇴비화를 위해 Kenaf를 이용 수분조절제로서 활용 가능성을 제시하였고, 이러한 결과는 농가의 비용감소, 축산분뇨로 인한 환경오염 예방은 물론 친환경적 처리가 가능 할 것으로 사료된다.