• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.385-414
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• 2010

In current European Standard EN 1993, the moment-rotation characteristics of beam-to-column joints made from steel with a yield stress > 460MPa are obtained from elastic design procedures. The strength of the joint basic components, such as the column web subject to local transverse compression, is thus limited to the yield resistance rather than the plastic resistance. With the recent developments of higher strength steel grades, the need for these restrictions should be revisited. However, as the strength of the steel is increased, the buckling characteristics become more significant and thus instability phenomena may govern the design. This paper summarizes a comprehensive set of finite element parametric studies pertaining to the strength behaviour of high-strength steel unstiffened I-columns in transverse compression. The paper outlines the implementation and validation of a three-dimensional finite element model and presents the relevant numerical test results. The finite element predictions are evaluated against the strength values anticipated by the EN 1993 for conventional steel columns and recommendations are made for revising the specifications.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.17-24
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the continuum of reasons and skills employed by tribal Indian women entrepreneurs to establish their successful businesses in terrorist affected areas. Research design, data and methodology: After an extensive literature review on women's entrepreneurship and their situations in disturbed areas, a qualitative research method was applied, and researchers conducted well-structured personal interviews to collect data from fifty respondents selected by using random and convenience sampling. Results: This study has identified the range of reasons for the successes of tribal women entrepreneurs. These are strict compliance with tribal culture and restrictions imposed by different stakeholders and the establishment of social networks and support from local communities and with their indefatigable and indomitable perseverance to proffer basic sustenance for their families. Conclusions: A minimum sample was selected from the Andhra-Odisha Border (AOB) areas due to security concerns. The research depicts the tribal Indian women entrepreneurs' grit and remorseless nature in overcoming impediments from the socio-cultural, economic, political, and legal framework of the country. This research is a gallant effort taken up by the authors, which is the first of its kind to visit as well as to conduct primary research in disturbed areas like the Andhra-Odisha Border in India.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1199-1205
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• 1993

It has been well known that the assumption of full state availability is one of the most important restrictions to the practical realization of VSCS. And several attempts to alleviate the assumption had been made. However, it is not easy to find a positive scheme among them. Recently, an output feedback variable structure control system(OFVSCS) was proposed and the effectiveness of the scheme was validated for the disturbance free systems. The purpose of this study is to propose a robust OFVSCS that have the robust properties against process parameter variations and external distrubances by extending the basic OFVSCS and to evaluate its control performances through power system stabilizer design example. The ROFVSCS is composed of dynamic switching function and output feedback switching control inputs that are constructed by the use of the unknown vector modeling technique. With the proposed scheme, existence of sliding mode is guaranteed and any nonzero bias can be suppressed in the face of disturbances and process parameter variations as far as well-known matching condition is satisfied. Due to the fact that the ROFVSCS is driven by small number of measured informations, the practical application of VSCS for the systems with unmeasurable states and for high order systems that conventional schemes cannot be applied, is possible with the proposed scheme. It is noticeable that the implementation cost of VSCS can be considerably reduced without sacrifice of control performances by adopting ROFVSCS since there is no need measure the states with high measurement cost.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.23-42
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• 2006

Services, despite the difficulty of its exact definition, can be defined as deeds, efforts, or performances by economical bodies, attributing to four unique characteristics - intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, and perishability. This study aims to research the global competition and problems of the local professional services, especially educational services and health services, and to suggest some devices for increasing the exportation of both educational services and health services. Educational services and health services were reserved in the multilateral negotiation to open the WTO parties' markets because of its national public benefits. But it is indispensable to open our local market by the bilateral FTA negotiation. Legal restrictions, therefore, related to both education and health should be erased according to the basic rule of the market competition, and it is advisable to control the national public benefit of these services by enacting the different legal systems. For recovering from minus balance of payment in the educational services or health services, furthermore, it is necessary to drive rather some offensive exporting policies than the defensive policy against supply from the foreign countries. In conclusion, the korean Foreign Trade Act and other relative acts should be revised, and both educational services and health services should be contained within the definition of "the international trade" for the governmental benefits of supporting the services exportation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2015

The main aim of this paper, via the method of statistical data analysis, is to analyze the current situation of the shipping industry and policies of the shipping industry in Vietnam. Section 1 gives some key information about the current situation of the shipping industry in Vietnam such as: shipping companies and their fleets, seafarers and ports. In view of the many restrictions faced by the Vietnamese shipping industry, section 2 is used to disclose the policies issued by the Vietnamese government in order to help the domestic maritime industry develop further in the near future, and the outcomes of implementing these policies. Besides the fact that some of the measures were feasible and reasonable, some others were not as effective as they were supposed to be, or in fact the initial forecast of their effectiveness was far-fetched. In the last section, after analyzing reasons for the failures, the author proposes that focusing on coastal transportation routes, fleet and port restructuring and skilled labour training were truly necessary to the development of the industry in the immediate period. Furthermore, this paper is also expected to provide a basic foundation for further research by the authors about 'the strategical approach for the development of shipping industry in developing countries: a case of Vietnam' in the near future.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.51-52
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• 1994

High permeability, selectivity and stability are the basic properties also required for membrane gas separations. The $CO_2$ separation by liquid membranes has been developed as a new technique to improve the permeability and selectivity of polymeric membranes. Sirkar et al.(1) have atlempted the hollow-fiber contained liquid membrane technique under four different operational modes, and permeation models have been proposed for all modes. Compared to a conventional liquid membrane, the diffusional resistance decreased by the work of Teramoto et al.(2), who referred to a moving liquid membrane. Recently, Shelekhin and Beckman (3) considered the possibility of combining absorption and membrane separation processes in one integrated system called a membrane absorber. Their analysis could be predicted effectively the performance of flat sheet membrane, however, there are restrictions for considering a flow effect. The gas absorption rate is determined by both an interfacial area and a mass transfer coefficient. It can be easily understood that although the mass transfer coefficients in hollow fiber modules are smaller than in conventional contactors, the substantial increase of the interfacial area can result in a more efficient absorber (4). In order to predict a performance in the general system of hollow-fiber membrane absorber, a gas-liquid mass transfor should be investigated inevitably. The influence of liquid velocity on both a mass transfer and a performance will be described, and then compared with experimental results. A present study is attempted to provide the fundamentals for understanding aspects of promising a hollow-fiber membrane absorber.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.302-306
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• 2020

Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. Methods: We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. Results: According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. Conclusions: Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.243-264
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• 2000

It is the aim of this study to attain general knowledge of Intellectual freedom which provides the philosophical principle of our library activities. Also, this study seeks to develop the principia of intellectual freedom as the policy and guide of public libraries in Korea. In order to research the operational circumstances of intellectual freedom In our public libraries, the researcher visited 20 public libraries in the Seoul district. The results clearly confirmed the self-censorship of the librarians in selecting materials. Also, it confirmed the reality of external interventions and restrictions as well as restrictive sources originating from internal ignorance and habitual practices in our public libraries. Ultimately, such results provided a solid basis for the aim of this study to develop intellectual freedom principle as the basic ideology for public library activities in Korea.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.458-467
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• 1994

It has been well known that the assumption of full state availability is one of the most important restrictions to the practical realization of VSCS. And several attempts to alleviate the assumption had been made. however, it is not easy to find a positive scheme among them. Recently, an output feedback variable structure control system(OFVSCS) was proposed and the effectiveness of the scheme was validated for the disturbance free systems. The purpose of this study is to propose a robust OFVSCS that have the robust properties against process parameter variations and external disturbances by extending the basic OFVSCS and to evaluate its control performances. The ROFVSES is composed of dynamic switching function and output feedback switching control inputs that are constructed by the use of the unknown vector modeling technique. With the proposed schems, existence of sliding mode is guaranteed and any nonzero bias can be suppressed in the face of disturbances and process parameter variations as far as well-known matching condition is satisfied. Due to the fact that the ROFVSCS is driven by small number of measured informations, the practical application of VSCS for the systems with unmeasurable states and for high order systems, the conventional schemes cannot be applied, is possible with the proposed scheme. It is noticeable that the implementation cast of VSCS can be considerably reduced without sacrifice of control performances by adopting ROFVSCS since there is no need to measure the states with high measurement cost.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1118-1128
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• 2015

In the midst of the advancement of global economic trade restrictions, the internationalization of domestic agriculture, which has occurred at a time of crisis in the industry, has presented an opportunity for Korea's agricultural products to be exported overseas. In particular, from 2015, after favorable outlooks for Korean rice, it is expected that the domestic agricultural industry is in a strong position to play a major role in export markets. Due to this, among existing measures targeting the import of rice, increasing domestic measures to boost rice exports and establish an effective operating plan are being pursued. However, until now, appropriate measures targeting domestic rice markets have not been found. In addition, domestic grain piers, which are currently used exclusively for the import of grain, do not have sufficient capacity to handle export operations. Therefore this paper will examine the current status of domestic grain piers, and will suggest a operating plan in grain terminal for the export of grain in order to successfully bring domestically produced rice to foreign markets. The conclusions drawn from this paper are designed to be used as a basic application for the operational plan of grain piers for the purpose of increasing domestic rice exports.