• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2018

Purposes: The purpose of this study is to argue that the taxation system for non-for-profit medical institution in Korea should be revised and that the basic direction should be to expand tax exemption like the US. Methods: We analyzed the US context of taxation policy for non-for-profit medical institutions and compared the US and Korean situation. Findings: In the United States, for-profit or non-for-profit medical institutions eternities are the most important criteria for hospital classification. Basically, full tax-exemption has been applied for non-for-profit medical institutions. The reason why many hospitals maintain their status as non-for-profit are following. First, the American society places great importance on the social responsibility and role of non-for-profit hospitals. Second, maintaining the status of non-for profit medical institutions is financially beneficial while maintaining good social reputation. The most powerful financial incentives are tax deductions and tax deductions for donations. Practical Implications: How will the taxation system for medical institutions in Korea be reformed in the future? First, if Korean government do not allow for-profit medical institutions, Korean government should consider implementing a full tax exemption system suitable for non-profit medical institutions like the US. Second, there are many variation in taxation for non-for-profit medical institution according to their legal positions. Therefore, current taxation system should be revised. Third, the reorganization of such taxation system should be in a direction that can finally encourage community benefit activities of medical institutions of nonprofit hospitals.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.889-897
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• 2018

해사대학 학생은 졸업 후 우리나라 해운산업 발전을 이끌 중요한 전문인력이므로, 건강증진행위를 통해 성공적으로 이론과 실습 교육과정을 포함한 학교생활을 마치는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 해사대학 학생의 건강증진 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료 수집을 위해 해사대학 학생의 건강증진행위 영향요인을 파악하기 위한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 해사대학 학생의 건강증진행위 수준은 다른 대학생들보다 낮았으며, 건강증진행위 하부 영역은 대인관계, 영적성장, 스트레스관리, 영양습관, 신체활동, 건강책임감 순으로 낮아졌고, 건강증진행위에 가장 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 학습자의 수업참여, 건강증진 자기효능감, 자아존중감, 사회적 지지의 순인 것으로 확인 되었다. 해사대학 학생들의 건강증진행위를 향상시킬 수 있도록 학생들의 특성을 고려한 차별화된 건강증진 프로그램을 개발하고 입학 때부터 조기에 체계적인 적용이 요구된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.749-757
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국 성인의 알레르기 비염에 관련된 요인들을 파악하고자, 국민건강영양조사 통계자료를 이용하여 이차자료 분석연구를 시행하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 제 7기 1차년도 (2016) 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 19세 이상 성인 5,841명 이었다. 수집된 자료는 대상자의 알레르기 비염 유병률, 인구사회학적 특성, 건강행태 특성, 정신건강 특성 및 알레르기 질환 특성이었으며, SPSS Statistics 24 프로그램을 이용하여 복합표본 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 대상자의 알레르기 비염 유병률은 15.4%였다. 또한, 알레르기 비염 관련요인은 성별, 연령, 결혼여부, 스트레스, 우울증, 천식 및 아토피 피부염이었다. 대상자는 성별이 남성인 경우보다 여성인 경우, 연령이 낮아지는 경우, 결혼여부가 미혼인 경우보다 기혼인 경우, 스트레스가 낮은 경우보다 높은 경우, 우울증, 천식 및 아토피 피부염이 없는 경우보다 있는 경우에 알레르기 비염 발생이 증가하였다. 본 연구결과는 국가보건통계인 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 한국 성인의 알레르기 비염을 예방하고 증상을 관리하기 위하여 관련 요인을 파악하였으며, 이를 통하여 대상자의 건강증진을 위한 정책과 중재의 기초자료를 제시하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide basic clinical data by investigating the impact of Activities of daily living-related dual-task intervention on lung function, balance, and Activities of daily living of stroke patients. METHODS: After sampling 40 stroke patients who met the selection criteria, this study randomly assigned 20 patients who received dual-task exercise intervention to the experimental group and 20 patients who received single exercise intervention to the control group by drawing lots. Next, the study pre-tested their lung function, balance, and activity of daily living. All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and when all interventions were completed after 4 weeks, lung function, balance, and activity of daily living were re-measured in the same way as the pre-test. RESULTS: In comparing changes in lung function, balance, and activity of daily living within each of the experimental and control groups, statistically significant improvement were found in the experimental group only (p < .01). Statistically significant improvement were also found in lung function, balance, and activities of daily living between the groups (p < .05) (p < .01). CONCLUSION: A statistically significant improvements were found in lung function, balance, and activities of daily living only in the experimental group and statistically significant differences were found between groups. Because they take arm exercises by maintaining balance in a standing position on a labile surface and through dual-task exercise such as folding a towel, moving a cup, and throwing and catching a ball, muscles related to lung function were stimulated and lung function and balance were improved. This helped activities of daily living to be improved. Thus, it is considered that dual-task exercise should be utilized for stroke patients' smooth everyday life.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2024

Bird species, particularly poultry and other bird types, including domestic pigeons, are susceptible to fowl pox, a contagious viral disease. The main goal of this study was to validate clinical avipoxvirus diagnoses using molecular analytical methods. The essential components of the investigation were the clinical signs, visible abnormalities, histological changes, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Twenty out of 120 pigeons had clinical symptoms, which included yellowish crust or nodules near the feet, eyes, and beak. An erosive epidermal lesion and an epidermal acanthotic papular lesion with basal vacuolation were maculopapular evidence associated with significant epidermal hyperkeratosis, as confirmed by histological analysis. In addition, the results showed keratinocyte necrosis beneath the hyperkeratotic epidermal layer, together with superficial and deep dermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. In addition, the P4b core protein gene underwent phylogenetic analysis. The sequence analysis results indicated a high degree of similarity across the local strains, with just minor variations observed. Five sample sequences were selected and submitted to the NCBI database. These sequences were identified as OR187728, OR187729, OR187730, OR187731, and OR187732. All the various strains in this research may be classified under clade A of the chicken pox virus phylogenetic classification. This study presents the first description and characterization of pox virus infections in domestic pigeons inside the Basrah governorate.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.4907-4921
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 대학생들의 DNR(Do Not Resuscitate)과 관련된 인식 및 태도를 파악하여 임상에서 사용할 수 있는 DNR에 대한 객관적인 기준을 마련하는데 도움이 되는 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 대구광역시 일개 전문대학생 1267명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집기간은 2010년 7월1일부터 7월31일까지였으며, 자료수집방법은 구조화된 질문지를 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 17.0 Program을 이용하여 실수와 백분율을 구하였고, $x^2$-test로 분석하였다. DNR에 대한 간호대학생과 비 보건계열대학생 인식 및 태도를 비교한 결과, 인식에 있어서 DNR에 대한 필요성, DNR 찬성 이유, DNR 반대 이유, DNR 결정 주체자의 인식에서 유의한 차이가 있었고, 태도에서는 가족 DNR시행, 자기자신 DNR시행에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. DNR정보제공에 대한 간호 대학생과 비 보건계열대학생의 인식을 비교한 결과 DNR에 대한 정보제공 필요성, DNR 정보제공 시기, DNR 정보 제공 결과, DNR 정보제공 지침서에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 DNR 필요성 인식차이에서 종교, 헌혈경험에서 유의한 차이가 있었고, DNR 결정 주체자에 대한 인식차이에서 종교, 형제 자매수에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 가족 DNR시행에 대한 태도에서 성별, 연령, 경제상태, 종교, 형제 자매수, 가족중 질환 및 사망자, 헌혈경험에서 유의한 차이가 있었고 자기자신 DNR시행에 대한 태도 차이에서 성별, 경제상태, 종교, 형제 자매수, 가족중 질환 및 사망자에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 DNR에 관한 기준을 마련하기 위하여 더 많은 후속 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.631-648
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• 1993

This study is a descriptive study to provide basic data related to types of uniforms worn by nurses. Nurses, other medical center personnel, patients and their famillies were asked for their opinion on changing nurses’ uniforms and how the image of nurses is 1 elated to the type of uniform worn by the nurses. The data for this study were collected during the period from Feb. 25, 1993 to Mar. 26, 1993 at Y-University Medical Center from 132 nurses, 137 other medical center personnel, 117 patients and their families. The instruments used for this study were the Nurses’ Image Scale(NIS) developed by Bown(1986), and an instrument to measure opinions of uniform and cap using photographs of nurses’ uniforms that was developed by the researcher through a literture review. Data were analyzed using the SPPS / PC package, Statistics used for analysis were frequencies, percentages, paired t -test, and oneway ANOVA The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. Of the nurses, 84.3%, along with, 51.5% of the medical center personnel, 39.1% of the patients and their families agreed to a change in the color of nurses uniforms. 2. Similarly, 87.4% of the nurses,27.7% of the medical center personnel, 19.3% of the patients and their families were in favor of nurses not wearing caps. 3. Only 11.8% of nurses answered that a white uniform was important to the professional image of nursing. Only 2.4% of the nurses answered that a cap was very important to the professional image of nursing. 4. Only 1.6% of the nurses answered that a white uniform and cap were important to show the role of nurses in the twenty first century. 5. About 1/3, 36.5%, of the medical center personnel, the patient and their families answered that changing the color of the nurses' uniform will make a change in the image of nurses. 6. A White uniform and cap were seen as being im-portant in distinguishing nurses from other medical personnel in the hospital by 76.5% of the medical personnel, the patients and their families. 7. Nurses gave high marks to the idea of no cap regardless of the color of the uniform which would still portray the symbol of the nurses’ role, identity and would differentiate the role from other jobs. The patients and their families gave high marks to a white uniform with cap. 8. Generally, nurses, medical center personnel and patients and their families thought that a colored uniform with cap presented a good image of nurses. 9. There was a significant difference in the response among the three groups(F=24.65, P〈.001) to the figure in a white uniform with a cap, and the patients and their families thought it was the best portrayal of the image of nurses. There was a significant difference among the three groups(F=9.03, P〈.001) to the figure in a white uniform with no cap and the nurses indicated that it was the beat portrayed of the image of nurses. There was no significant difference among the three groups to the figure in a colored uniform with cap. There was a significant difference(F=17.50, P〈. 001) to the figure in a colored uniform with no cap, and the nurses indicated that it was the best portrayal of the image of nurses. In summary, the nurses wanted to change the color of uniform and not to wear a cap. But many of the medical center personnel, patients and their families indicated they did not agree with this idea. Therefore, changing the type of uniform worn by nurses should be done only after consideration has been given to the relation of the change to the professional role of nurses and the image of nurses held people in general. Suggestions arising from this study are as follows : 1. The relation between the role of nurses and their uniform was surveyed, and these results can be used as data when considering a change in uniforms. 2. A change in uniforms should be tried based on the norm established about uniforms. 3. The nurses did not want to wear a cap, but before a decision is definitely made it is necessary to study the philosophy related to the symbol of the cap because the figure of a nurse with a cap portrayed a positive image of the nurses. If the cap is kept, the symbol of the cap should be redefined. 4. In this study, only the image related to the uniform was examined, but in future studies it will be necessary to examine the practicality of various types of uniforms.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2003

This study is a descriptive investigation into the image of nurses, and attempted to help to advance the profession of nursing and to provide basic data for developing strategies to improve the image of nurses. The Subject of this study was a group of 380 persons from a K Medical Centre in Seoul, including the hospital patients and their guardians, as well as the doctors, assistants and hospital administrative staff. The data have been collected from the 10th to the 30th of May, 2003. We have developed a research tool of 40 questions divided into three categories using a tool developed by Kim, H.J and KIm, H.O.(2001) verifying its construct validity. The reliability of the tool was Cronbache's ${\alpha}=.97$, and by categories, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.86$ for service image, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.96$ for professional image and Cronbache's ${\alpha}=.90$ for social image. The collected data have been analysed according to the purpose of this study using SPSS WIN 11.0 for real number, percentage, factors analysis, multiple regression analysis, ANOVA and $x^2$-test, and the results are as follows: 1) There was a significant difference in the image of nurses by job series of the subjects; from patients and guardians for 4.01 to doctors 3.62, assistants 3.54 and staff members 3.41 (F=36.14, p=.000). As well, there was a significant difference in service, professional and social image categories according to the position of the subjects ($F=20.36{\sim}42.35$, p=.000). 2) The main factors that affect on formation the nurse's imaging came by direct experiences with nurses at hospitals for 81.3%, by looking at the every life of the nurses that the subjects personally know for 15.5%, by mass media for 1.6% and by the accounts from the others for 1.6%. 3) 78.4% of the subjects considered that the image of nurses on mass media is described better than for real, 8.2% believed that the image is described worse than for real, and only 13.2% of the subjects perceived that the image of nurses on mass media corresponds the image of nurses in actual life. 4) 74.5% of the subjects said that they got a better image of nurses after their hospitalization while 2% got a worse one and 23.5% said to have had no changes, and the period of hospitalization had no relevance to the image of nurses (X2=5.04, P=.489). However, while 16.8% of the subjects who spent less than one week in hospital said that they got a better image of nurses, 27.5% of those who spent longer than four weeks got a better image of nurses. 5) There was a significant difference in the total image points of nurses by the patients and their guardians according to the period of hospitalization; 4.14 for 1 to 2 weeks, 4.07 for 2 to 4 weeks, 4.02 for 4 weeks and longer and 3.80 for less than a week (F=3.40, P=.019). Upon the results stated above, I should like to propose as below: 1) An investigative enquiry is needed to improve the image of nurses as though being a nurse is very hard and difficult. 2) A continuous monitoring in mass media is needed to create a positive image of nurses.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.510-537
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• 1995

Human health is an integral part of experience in the process of Human Becoming. Through continual interaction with the environment human beings freely choose experience and develop as responsible beings. The process of the health experience of patient with terminal cancer is a unique. he objective of this study is to understand the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer in order to provide basic information for nursing care in the clinical setting and to develop a theoretical background for clinical practice. This study is to de-scribe and define the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer in order to provide a foundation for nursing research and education. Data collection has been done between December 1993 and November 1994. The subjects included five persons -four females and one male : one who was in her sixties, one in his fifties, two in their forties, and one who was in her thirties. The researcher has met with these patients 35 times, but at eight times the patient was in a stuporous condition and not able to participate, so these were not included in the data analysis. Parse's "Human Becoming Methodology", an existential phenomenological research methodology is used for this study. Data has been collected using he dialogical engagement process of "I and You", the participant researcher and the participant subject. Dialogical engagement was discontinued when the data was theoretically saturated. Data was analyzed using the extraction - synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The criteria of Guba and Lincoln(1985). and Sandelo wski(1986) : credibility, auditability, fitness and objectivity were used to test the validity and reliability of the data. The following is a description of the structure of the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer as defined by this study : 1. Structure : 1) Suffering through the reminiscence of past experience 2) The appearance of complex emotions related to life and connectedness 3) The increasing importance of significant people and of the Absolute Being 4) The increasing realization of the importance of health and belief 5) Desire for a return to health and a peaceful life or for acceptance of dying and a comfortable death In summary the structure of the lived experience of these patients can be said to be : suffering comes through reminiscence of past experience, and there are complex emotions related to life and connectedness. Significant people and the Absolute Being become increasingly important along with a realization of the importance of health and faith. And finally there is a desire for either a return to health and a peaceful life or for the acceptance of dying and a comfortable death. 2. Heuristic Interpretation : Using Parse's Human Becoming Methodology, the structure of the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer identified in this research is interpreted as. The lived experience of patients with terminal cancer involves the solving of past conflicts, and the experience of the healing and valuing of sorrow and pain. Through the relation of life and health, and the complex emotions that arise, the lived experience of revealing - concealing is of paradoxical emotions. The increasing importance of significant others and of the Absolute Being shows Connecting and Separating an on- going process of nearness and farness. Revision of thoughts about health and faith is interpreted as transforming and desire for restoration to health and a peaceful life or acceptance of dying and a cowfortable death, as powering. In summary, it is possible to see, in the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer, the relationship of the five concepts of Parse's theory : valuing, revealing -concealing, connecting-separating, transforming, and powering. From Parse's theory, the results of this study show that meaning is related to valuing, rhythmicity to revealing-concealing and connect-ing-separating, and cotranscendence to transforming and powering.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2006

2004년 5월부터 7월까지 광주광역시 일부지역 관내 28개 초등학교 31,510명(남자 16,653명, 여자 14,857명)의 신장과 체중의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 대한소아과학회(홍창희, 2003)에서 나온 소아발육표준치를 기준으로 신장별 표준 체중표를 이용하여 비만도(%)=(실측체중-신장별 표준체중)/신장별 표준체중*100로 산출하였다. 산출된 비만도는 20~29.9%는 경도비만, 30~49.9%는 중증도 비만, 50%이상은 고도비만으로 분류하여 SAS PC+ 8.0 program을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 신장과 체중은 학년이 올라감에 따라 남학생과 여학생 모두 학년 간에 유의하게 향상하였다 (p<.001). 저학년에서는 여학생이 남학생 보다 신장이 작았으나 4학년때 키가 비슷해지고 5, 6학년에는 여학생이 남학생보다 신장이 큰것으로 나타났으며, 4학년을 제외한 모든 학년에서 남학생과 여학생의 신장은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .001). 모든 학년에서 남학생의 체중은 여학생의 체중보다 무거웠으며, 6학년을 제외하고는 남학생과 여학생의 체중은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .001). 2. 초등학교 학생의 비만율은 전체가 10.3%이었고, 남학생 (11.6%)이 여학생(8.8%)보다 비만율이 높았으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .001). 특히 4학년 남학생의 비만율이 13.7%로 가장 높았다. 비만아동의 분포는 남학생의 경우는 경도비만이 6.5%, 중등도비만 4.4%, 고도비만 0.7% 순이었고, 여학생의 경우는 경도비만 5.2%, 중등도비만 3.1%, 고도비만 0.4% 순으로 나타났다. 3. 비만도별 비만아동 실태는 전체 비만아동은 3,231명으로 경도비만이 57.4%, 중등도비만이 37.1%, 고도비만이 5.5%로 나타났다. 남학생의 경우는 경도비만 55.9%, 중등도비만 38.0%, 고도비만 6.0% 순이었고, 여학생의 경우는 경도비만 59.5%, 중등도비만 35.8%, 고도비만 4.7% 순으로 나타났다. 또한 비만도가 30% 이상인 중증도 이상의 비만아동은 여학생보다 남학생의 비율이 높았다. 4. 학년에 대한 성별 비만율은 1학년 (p< .05), 4-6학년 (p< .001)에서 남학생이 여학생보다 비만율 높았으며 이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 5. 고학년 학생 (11.0%)의 비만율이 저학년학생(9.5%)보다 높았으며 이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .001). 이상의 결과들을 종합하여 보면 초등학생의 비만율은 여학생보다 남학생에서, 저학년보다 고학년에서 더 높게 나타났다. 아동비만은 점차 증가하고 있고 질병의 이환과 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 비만을 예방하고 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발 실시하되, 비만율이 높은 고학년의 남학생을 중점적으로 관리해야함을 시사한다.