• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.365-381
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• 2009

The chloroplast DNA sequences of Megaleranthis saniculifolia, an endemic and monotypic endangered plant species, were completed in this study (GenBank FJ597983). The genome is 159,924 bp in length. It harbors a pair of IR regions consisting of 26,608 bp each. The lengths of the LSC and SSC regions are 88,326 bp and 18,382 bp, respectively. The structural organizations, gene and intron contents, gene orders, AT contents, codon usages, and transcription units of the Megaleranthis chloroplast genome are similar to those of typical land plant cp DNAs. However, the detailed features of Megaleranthis chloroplast genomes are substantially different from that of Ranunculus, which belongs to the same family, the Ranunculaceae. First, the Megaleranthis cp DNA was 4,797 bp longer than that of Ranunculus due to an expanded IR region into the SSC region and duplicated sequence elements in several spacer regions of the Megaleranthis cp genome. Second, the chloroplast genomes of Megaleranthis and Ranunculus evidence 5.6% sequence divergence in the coding regions, 8.9% sequence divergence in the intron regions, and 18.7% sequence divergence in the intergenic spacer regions, respectively. In both the coding and noncoding regions, average nucleotide substitution rates differed markedly, depending on the genome position. Our data strongly implicate the positional effects of the evolutionary modes of chloroplast genes. The genes evidencing higher levels of base substitutions also have higher incidences of indel mutations and low Ka/Ks ratios. A total of 54 simple sequence repeat loci were identified from the Megaleranthis cp genome. The existence of rich cp SSR loci in the Megaleranthis cp genome provides a rare opportunity to study the population genetic structures of this endangered species. Our phylogenetic trees based on the two independent markers, the nuclear ITS and chloroplast MatK sequences, strongly support the inclusion of the Megaleranthis to the Trollius. Therefore, our molecular trees support Ohwi's original treatment of Megaleranthis saniculifolia to Trollius chosenensis Ohwi.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 1986

The nucleotide sequence of the genetic control site of Bacillus subtilis gene for $(1-4)-{\beta}-D-glucan$ endoglucanase (cellulase) was determined according to the procedures of the dideoxy chain termination method(Sanger et. al., 1977). The deduced amino acid sequence of this enzyme has a hydrophobic signal peptide at the $NH_2$ terminus similar to those found in fifteen other extracellualr enzymes from Bacillus species. This is followed by a sequence resembling the Bacillus ribosome binding site 14 nucleotide before the first codon of the gene. The presumptive promoter sequence was located 92 base pairs upstream fromthe initiation codon. The homology region in signal sequences was striking when comparing all the signal sequences of sixteen extracellular enzymes from Bacillus species so far compiled.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 1986

A. nidulans의 $tRNA^{Arg}$의 염기순서를 효소절단 방법으로 결정하였다. 이 방법으로 염기순서를 결정한 결과 다음과 같았다. 5'GGCCGGCUGGCCCAAXUGGCAAGGCXUCUGAXUACGAAXCAGGAGAUUGCAXXXXXGAGCXXUXXGUCGGUCACCA3'. 위의 결과로 플로버잎 구조를 만들어본 결과 안티코돈이 ACG인 $tRNA^{Arg}$으로 판명되었고. 이 결과는 아미노산 부하검사(charging test)의 결과와 일치하였다. 이 tRNA의 유천자의 염기순서 결과와 비교하여 염기순서의 정확성을 검증하였고, minor base분석을 통하여 전 염기순서를 추정하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.892-897
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• 2005

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a growth factor required for growth and differentiation of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Total and 16 poly (A) mRNA of bovine M-CSF were isolated from healthy bovine peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated by phobol 12-myristste 13-acetate (TPA). The more compatible cultured mononuclear cells were 5${\times}$10/ml for RNA isolation. TPA-activated mononuclear cells increased the level of M-CSF-mRNA more than concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The optimal analysis of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for14 Macrophage colonystimulating factor (M-CSF) as a growth factor required for bovine M-CSF was denaturation at 94$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, annealing at 57$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, extension at 72$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute for 30 cycles. The size of cDNA of bovine M-CSF by RT-PCR was 774 base pairs. A 774 base pairs cDNA encoding bovine M-CSF was synthesized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ligated cDNA was transformed to competent cells and then plasmid isolation and digestion was performed. Molecular cloning and sequencing were performed for cDNA of bovine M-CSF. The size of cloned cDNA of bovine M-CSF was 774base pairs. The homology of base sequence and amino acid sequence was 88% and 86% compared with known human M-CSF, respectively. From a high degree of sequence similarity, the obtained cDNA of bovine M-CSF is thought be a specific gene of bovine M-CSF.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 MPEG-2 multiview profile (MVP)를 이용한 스테레오 동영상 부호화기 구조를 제안한다. 제안한 부호화기에서 좌영상은 기저층에서 움직임 정보를 이용하여 부호화 되고, 우영상은 상위층에서 변이 정보를 이용하여 부호화를 수행한다. 그리고 변이 정보와 움직임 정보간의 관계를 이용하여 하위 계층의 움직임 정보와 변이 정보에서 상위 계층의 움직임 정보를 유도하여 영상 예측에 사용하였다. 이를 적용하기 위해서 상위 계층과 하위 계층의 부호화 순서와 예측 모드에 제약을 두었다. 제안한 스테레오 MPEG-2부호화기는 상위 계층의 부호화시 움직임 예측을 수행하지 않고 하위 계층에서의 예측 모드 제약으로 인해 부호화기의 구조가 간단하고 부호화 시간을 줄일 수 있었다. 실영상에 대한 실험 결과에서 상위 계층의 경우 움직임 예측과 변이 예측을 모두 수행했을 때와 거의 차이가 나지 않았으며 변이 예측만을 수행 경우보다 높은 SNR을 나타내었다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1 (A)
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• pp.757-759
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• 2001

생물체가 생명을 영위하기 위해 수행하는 모든 기능들에 대한 정보는 각 개체가 가지고 있는 유전체가 들어있다. 그런데 각 생물체마다, 심지어는 한 생물체의 서로 다른 염색체마다 그 전체 염기서열에서의 base-composition은 같지 않고, 또한 이 구성비에는 일정한 특징이 있다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 각 생물체들의 전체 염기서열을 구성하는 염기의 구성비에 대해 조사하고 비교해 보고자 한다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1997

The nucleotide sequence of the estI gene encoding acetylxylan esterase I of Bacillus stearothermophilus was determined and analyzed. The estI gene was found to consist of a 810 base pair open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 270 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 30 kDa. This was in well agreement with the molecular weight (29 kDa) estimated by SDS-PAGE of the purified esterase. The coding sequence was preceded by a putative ribo some binding site 10 bp upsteam of the ATG codon. Further 53 bp upstream, the transcription initiation signals were identified. The putative $_{-}$10 sequence (TCCAAT) and $_{-}$35 seqence (TTGAAT) corresponded closely to the respective consensus sequences for the Bacillus subtiis major RNA polymerase. The G+C content of the coding region of the estI was 51% whereas that of the third position of codone was 60.2%. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the EstI deduced from the nucleotide sequence perfectly matched the corresponding region of the purified esterase described previously. Comparison with the amino acid sequence of other esterases and lipases reported so far allowed us to identify a sequence, GLSMG at positions 123 to 127 of the EstI which was reported to be the highly conserved active site sequence for those enzymes. The nucleotide sequence of the estI revealed 55.7% homology to that of the xylC coding for the acetylxylan esterase of Caldocellum saccharolyticum.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2019

목적: 특허 받은 황토 면 원단의 원적외선 방사율 및 면 원단을 20회까지 세탁을 하였을 때에 어떠한 미생물이 존재하는지를 조사하여 분리 동정하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: 원적외선 방사능 측정기와 미생물을 영양배지에 배양하여 증식하는 단일 콜로니를 이용하여 16S rRNA법으로 동정하였다. 결과: 황토이불 면의 원적외선의 방사율은 40℃에서 5~20 ㎛에서 0.902(90.2%)이었고, 방사에너지는 3.63 × 10² w/m²로 높게 나타났다. 황토 이불 면 원단에서 2.0 × 10² cells/ml의 생균수가 존재하였고, 그리고 일반 면 원단에서는 생균이 발견되지 않았다. 단일 콜로니로 분리된 B-2 균주의 16S rRNA의 염기서열은 1,419 bases이었고, A-4균주의 염기서열은 1,284 bases이었다. 이 두 균주의 16S rRNA의 염기서열은 Bacillus 속 세균들과 높은 상동성을 보이었다. B-2 균주는 B. aryabhattai EF114313의 16S rRNA 염기서열과 99.0% 그리고 A-4균주는 B. bingmayongensis AKCS01000011의 16S rRNA 염기서열과 99.0%의 높은 상동성이 나타났다. 상기의 결과들을 활용하여 16S rRNA을 이용하여 유연관계를 조사하여 콜로니 균주 B-2를 B. aryabhattai BJ-2 균주로, A-4를 B. bingmayongensis BJ-4 균주로 최종 동정하였다. 결론: 황토 이불 면 원단에서 두 종류의 간균을 발견하였고, 이불 면 원단이 높은 량의 원적외선 및 원적외선 방사에너지가 발산하므로 유용하게 이용될 수 있다고 본다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2016

Panfacial bone fracture is challenging. Even experienced surgeons find restoration of original facial architecture difficult because of the severe degree of fragmentation and loss of reference segments that could guide the start of facial reconstruction. To restore the facial contour, surgeons usually follow a general sequence for panfacial bone reduction. Among the sequences, the bottom-to-top and outside-in sequence is reported to be the most widely used in recent publications. However, a single sequence cannot be applied to all cases of panfacial fractures because of the variations in panfacial bone fracture patterns. In this article, we intend to find the reference and discuss the efficacy of inside-out sequence in facial bone fracture reconstruction.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

In this paper, We have studied for guaranteeing the clear display of MPEG-2 video sequence when conduct splicing of MPEG-2 system streams. we focus on the PES domain splicing considering video sequence. And we wish to make a base on the TS or PS domain splicing considering video sequence. For that, first, we compared and analyzed problems that is raised when different two PES streams are spliced and effects that affect the video sequence. And based on this analysis, we have searched for methods that resolve the cause of problems that can be happened in the display of video sequence directly in PES domain.