• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

A signed digraph S is the digraph D by assigning signs 1 or -1 to each arc of D. The base of S is the minimum number k such that there is a pair walks which have the same initial and terminal point with length k, but different signs. In this paper we show that for $n{\geq}5$ the upper bound of the base of a primitive non-powerful signed tournament Sn, which is the signed digraph by assigning 1 or -1 to each arc of a primitive tournament $T_n$, is max{2n + 2, n+11}. Moreover we show that it is extremal except when n = 5, 7.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

The base $l(S)$ of a signed digraph S is the maximum number $k$ such that for any vertices $u$, $v$ of S, there is a pair of walks of length $k$ from $u$ to $v$ with different signs. A graph can be regarded as a digraph if we consider its edges as two-sided arcs. A signed cyclic graph $\tilde{C_n}$ is a signed digraph obtained from the cycle $C_n$ by giving signs to all arcs. In this paper, we compute the base of a signed cyclic graph $\tilde{C_n}$ when $\tilde{C_n}$ is neither symmetric nor antisymmetric. Combining with previous results, the base of all signed cyclic graphs are obtained.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2010

In this paper, we consider a channel ordering problem that seeks to maximize the service quality in mobile radio communication systems. If a base station receives a connection request from a mobile user, one of the empty channels belonging to the base station is assigned to the mobile user. In case multiple empty channels are available, we can choose one that incurs least interference with other channels assigned to adjacent base stations. However, note that a pair of channels that are not separated enough generates interference only if both channels are assigned to mobile users. That is, interference between channels may vary depending on the channel assignment sequence for each base station and on the distribution of mobile users. To find a channel assignment sequence that seems to generate minimum interference, we develop an optimization model considering various scenarios of mobile user distribution. Simulation results show that channel assignment sequence determined by the scenario based optimization model significantly reduces the interference provided that scenarios and interference cost are properly generated.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2001

4'-Bromoacetophenone analogs, which are able to generate monophenyl radicals capable of hydrogen atom abstraction, were investigated as possible photoinducible DNA cleaving agents. The potential of 4'-Bromoacetophenone as a possible new DNA cleaver is explored. Pyrrolecarboxatmid conjugated 4'-Bromoacetophenone, in particular, DNA cleaving activity and sequence-selectivity on the contiguous AT base pair sites.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.14-16
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• 1999

Genetic variability was monitored by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) in dicofol-susceptible (S), dicofol-resistant (R) and its reverse-selected (RS) strains of two-spotted spider mite, of Tetranychus urticae. Before the reverse-selection, RS strain, selected reversely from R strain, was 23-fold resistance ratio at {TEX}$LC_{50}${/TEX} to S strain. The resistance was started to in incline slowly to the resistance level of S strain after one year, and the resistance ratio was 4-fold in the 7 years after then. PCR-amplification of T. urticae DNA showed polymorphism in the amplifications with 12 primers in 100 kinds of arbitrary DNA sequences. RAPD amplification with primer OPR-12 (5`-ACAGGTGCGT-3`) showed amplified bands at 1,000 base pair in the S-and RS-strain, and at 350 base pair in R-strain. The results of polymorphism are genetic variabilities derived from development and selection of resistance in each strain. The peculiarly amplified fragments were guessed to participate in dicofol resistance. From the analysis of genetic similarity, it is inferred the gene composition of S-and RS-strain is much closer than that of R-strain.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2011

자성 산화철 나노입자(iron oxide nanoparticle, ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$) 표면을 기능성 유기 분자를 이용하여 아민기($-NH_2$), 카르복실기(-COOH)로 표면 처리 하였으며, 이들 기능기로 표면 처리된 산화철 나노입자를 FT-IR을 이용하여 나노입자 표면을 분석하였다. 아민기, 카르복실기로 표면처리된 산화철 나노입자 표면에 특정 배열을 갖는 21-base pair 길이의 프로브 DNA를 고정하였고, 형광 라벨(Cy5)이 부착된 상보적, 비상보적 타게트 DNA를 이용하여 고정된 프로브 DNA와 hybridization을 진행하였다. 각각의 상보적, 비상보적 타게트 DNA와 hybridization 처리한 산화철 나노입자를 confocal microscopy를 이용하여 관찰하였으며, 그 결과 산화철 나노입자를 이용하여 특정 배열의 DNA검출에 성공하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2000

In contrast to the pyrimidine (6-4)pyrimidone photoproduct [(6-4) adduct], its Dewar valence isomer (Dewar product) is low mutagenic and produces a broad range of mutations with a 42 % replicating error frequency. In order to determine the origin of the mutagenic property of the Dewar product, we used experimental NMR restraints and molecular dynamics to determine the solution structure of a Dewar·lesion DNA decamer duplex, which contains a mismatched base pair between the 3'-T residue and an opposed G residue. The 3'-T of the Dewar lesion forms stable hydrogen bonds with the opposite G residue. The helical bending and unwinding angles of the DW/GA duplex, however, are much higher than those of the DW/AA duplex. The stable hydrogen bonding of the G 15 residue does not increase the thermal stability of the overall helix. It also does not restore the distorted backbone conformation of the DNA helix that is caused by the forming of a Dewar lesion. These structural features implicate that no thermal stability, or conformational benefits of G over A opposite the 3'-T of the Dewar lesion, facilitate the preferential incorporation of an A. This is in accordance with the A rule during translesion replication and leads to the low frequent $3'-T{\rightarrow}C$ mutation at this site.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.896-901
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• 2006

Patulin is a food mycotoxin which induces genotoxicity and acute intestinal disease in infants. Patulin mainly originates from fruit putrefactive moulds, especially in apples, which necessitates the maintenance of strong safety standards against patulin for fresh and processed apples. To investigate the patulin producing moulds in Korean apples, 16 morphological types of fungi were isolated from Korean apples and a patulin producing fungus was identified based on a sequence analysis of the region of internal transcribed spacers (ITS5-5.8S-ITS4 region, 505 base pair) and the 26 rRNA D1/D2 region (527 base pair). Morphological analyses were also performed. The isolated patulin producing fungus was found to a representative species of Penicillium crustosum. The maximal patulin production ability of the isolated fungus (P. crustosum) and the patulin producing standard strain (P. griseofulvum, ATCC 46037) in an SY broth medium were 0.32 and 2.46 mg/L, respectively.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2016

Isovaleric acidemia is autosomal-recessively inherited and an inborn error of metabolism caused by abnormal leucine metabolism due to the genetic defect of IVD (Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase). IVD corresponds to mitochondrial matrix enzyme that acts on converting isovaleryl-CoA into 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA in the leucine catabolism. The IVD gene is located at Chromosome 15q14-q15, particularly between base pair 40,405,485 and base pair 40,435,948. It consists of 12 exons and has been reported to cause over 50 diseases so far. We conducted IVD gene test on the patient with acute isovaleric acidemia and confirmed a new type of mutation for the first time. As a result of analyzing the IVD gene sequence, we found out that c.129T>G(p.Asn43Lys) and c.1033A>G(p.Asn345Asp) mutations exist as heterozygosity at Exon 1 and Exon 10 respectively, novel mutation.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2002

The determination of DNA hybridization reaction can apply the molecular biology research, clinic diagnostics, bioengineering, environment monitoring, food science and application area. So, the improvement of DNA hybridization detection method is very important for the determination of this hybridization reaction. Several molecular biological techniques require accurate predictions of matched versus mismatched hybridization thermodynamics, such as PCR, sequencing by hybridization, gene diagnostics and antisense oligonucleotide probes. In addition, recent developments of oligonucleotide chip arrays as means for biochemical assays and DNA sequencing requires accurate knowledge of hybridization thermodynamics and population ratios at matched and mismatched target sites. In this study, we report the characteristics of the probe and matched, mismatched target oligonucleotide hybridization reaction using thermodynamic method. Thermodynamic of 5 oligonucleotides with central and terminal mismatch sequences were obtained by measured UV-absorbance as a function of temperature. The data show that the nearest-neighbor base-pair model is adequate for predicting thermodynamics of oligonucleotides with average deviations for $\Delta$H$^{0}$ , $\Delta$S$^{0}$ , $\Delta$G$_{37}$ $^{0}$ and T$_{m}$, respectively.>$^{0}$ and T$_{m}$, respectively.