• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.642-653
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, fecal microbiota, fecal score, and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 200 weaning pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 7.64±0.741 kg were allotted to five treatment groups and were divided based on sex and initial BW in four replicates with ten pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E. The pigs were fed the diets for 6 weeks. A total of 15 barrows were used to evaluate the nutrient digestibility by the total collection method. The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase, and fecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Results: The addition of β-glucan with vitamin E to weaning pig feed increased BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake. A significant decrease in yeast and mold and Proteobacteria and a tendency for Lactobacillus to increase compared to the control was shown when 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E were added. The fecal score in weaning pigs was lower in the treatments supplemented with 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E compared to the control. In addition, vitamin E was better supplied to weaning pigs by increasing the concentration of α-tocopherol in the blood of weaning pigs when 0.02% vitamin E was supplemented. However, there was no significant difference in either the immune response or nutrient digestibility. Conclusion: Inclusion of 0.1% β-Glucan with 0.02% vitamin E in a weaning pig's diet were beneficial to the growth performance of weaning pigs by improving intestinal microbiota and reducing the incidence of diarrhea.

• 동물자원연구
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 비육돈의 성이 육질과 맛 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하는 것으로, 이를 위해 총 90두 삼원교잡 LYD 비육돈(180일령 암퇘지 45두와 거세돈 45두; 각 처리구당 1+, 1, 2등급 15마리씩 배치)의 육질, 기계적 맛 및 관능적 맛을 성별에 따라 조사하였다. 등심근의 pH, 근내지방 함량, 육색 및 전단가는 성별 간 차이가 없었지만(p>0.05), 암퇘지와 거세돈의 육즙감량(1.66% vs 1.21%), 유리수분량(12.19% vs 10.68%) 및 가열감량(23.67% vs 21.04%)에서는 유의적인 차이가 확인되었다(p<0.05). 전자혀 측정치는 거세돈의 신맛의 강도가 암퇘지보다 유의적으로 낮은 반면, 감칠맛과 감칠맛후미의 강도는 높았다(p<0.05). 관능검사에서는 풍미, 다즙성 및 연도에서 거세돈이 높은 점수를 받은 결과, 기호성에서도 거세돈(5.51점)이 암퇘지(4.86점)보다 유의적으로 높은 점수를 얻었다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과로부터, 암퇘지보다 높은 거세돈의 보수력이 감칠맛 강도를 증가시켜 관능적 맛도 좋게 한 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.949-956
• /
• 2003

시험 1은 자돈에 있어 중국산 옥수수의 이용성을 높이기 위하여 중국산 옥수수를 익스트루젼 가공하였을 때 성장 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 개시시 체중 15.95${\pm}$0.09kg의 3원 교잡종 자돈 60두를 공시하여 28일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 미산 옥수수-대두박 위주로 시험사료를 배합한 처리구(UCORN), 중국산 옥수수-대두박 위주로 시험사료를 배합한 처리구 (CCORN) 그리고 익스트루젼 가공한 중국산 옥수수-대두박 위주로 시험사료를 배합한 처리구 (ECCORN)로 3개 처리로 하였다. 전체 사양시험 기간동안, 일당증체량에 있어서는 ECCORN 처리구가 CCORN 처리구보다 더 높았으나 (547 vs 522 g/d) 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 사양시험 개시후 10일째 되는 날에 채취한 분을 이용하여 분석한 건물과 가소화 에너지 소화율에 있어서는 UCORN 처리구와 ECCORN 처리구가 CCORN 처리구보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 평가되었다(P〈0.05). 또한, 사양시험 개시후 24일째 되는 날에 채취한 분을 이용하여 분석한 건물 소화율에 있어서는 UCORN 처리구와 ECCORN 처리구가 CCORN 처리구보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 평가되었으며(P〈0.05), 가소화 에너지 소화율에 있어서는 UCORN 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 가장 높았다 (P〈0.05). 또한, CCORN 처리구와 비교하여 ECCORN 처리구가 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(P〈0.05). 시험 2는 비육돈에 있어 중국산 옥수수를 익스트루젼 가공이 외관상 아미노산 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 개시시 체중 54.09kg의 3원 교잡종 거세돈 3두를 공시하여 대사시험을 실시하였으며, 처리구는 시험 1과 동일하였다. 시스틴의 외관상 아미노산 소화율에 있어서는 UCORN과 EECORN 처리구가 CCORN 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(P〈0.05). 건물 소화율에 있어서는 UCORN과 ECCORN 처리구가 CCORN 처리구보다 분 소화율이 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다(P〈0.05). 또한, 질소 소화율에 있어서도 UCORN과 ECCORN 처리구가 CCORN 처리구보다 분 소화율이 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다(P〈0.05). 결론적으로, 자돈에 있어서 중국산 옥수수를 익스트루젼 가공 처리하면 성장 및 건물과 가소화 에너지 소화율을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 비육돈에 있어서는 건물과 질소의 분 소화율을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권8호
• /
• pp.1189-1195
• /
• 2008

A study was conducted with 48 weaned barrows ($28{\pm}3d$, $8.45{\pm}0.14kg$) to determine the effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on pig performance, immunological, adrenal and somatotropic responses following Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial design; the main factors included diet (supplementation with 0 or 500 mg/kg ABPS) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). On d 14 and 21 of the trial, pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection with either $100{\mu}g/kg$ BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained 3 h after injection for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and immunoglobulin G (IgG). On d 2 after LPS challenge, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (PBLP) was measured. LPS administration decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05), had a tendency to decrease average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.10) during both the first and second challenge periods and increased (p<0.05) feed:gain ratio only during the first challenge period. ABPS tended to improve ADG (p<0.10) during the first challenge period, and improved ADG (p<0.05) and tended to improve ADFI (p<0.10) during the second challenge period. ABPS did not affect feed:gain ratio. An interaction (p<0.05) between LPS challenge and diet was observed for the plasma concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and cortisol after both LPS challenges such that, among LPS-treated pigs, pigs fed the ABPS diet were lower for these indices than those receiving the control diet. In contrast, pigs fed the ABPS diet had higher IGF-I (p<0.05) compared with those fed the control diet. No effect of diet, LPS challenge or both on GH and IgG was observed after both LPS administrations. LPS challenge increased PBLP when these cells were incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS during both the challenge periods, and did likewise when incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of concanavalin A only after the first challenge. ABPS had no effect on PBLP. These data demonstrate that ABPS alters the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines following an immunological challenge, which might enable pigs to achieve better performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2009

For Exp. 1, 120 ((Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace)${\times}$Duroc) weaned pigs (7.96${\pm}$0.01 kg average initial BW, 21 days weaning) were used in a 28 d-growth assay to determine the effects of replacing soy protein concentrate (SPC) with fermented soy protein (FSP) in a starter diet (d 0 to 7) on the growth performance, apparent fecal amino acid digestibility and subsequent performance in weaned pigs. Dietary treatments included: i) FSP0 (basal diet; whey-skim milk powder-SPC based diet); ii) FSP5 (replacing SPC with 5% FSP); iii) FSP10 (replacing SPC with 10% FSP). Pigs were fed the phase I diet for 7 days, and then each group was fed a common commercial diet for 21 days to determine the effect of previous diet on subsequent performance. Average daily gain (ADG) from d 5 to 7 (linear effect, p = 0.01) and d 7 to 14 (linear effect, p<0.001) were increased as FSP level increased. The pigs fed with FSP was heavier than the pigs fed with SPC at d 5 to 7 and d 7 to 14 after weaning (p<0.05). In the entire period (d 0 to 28), there were no significant differences in weight gain and final weight between SPC and FSP diets (p>0.05). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was higher in pigs fed with the 5% FSP diet than those fed with the other diets at d 0 to 2 post-weaning (quadratic effect, p = 0.05). Also, for the entire period of phase I (d 0 to 7), pigs consumed more 5% FSP diet compared to other treatments (quadratic effect, p = 0.03). Gain/feed (G/F) was not affected by dietary SPC or FSP in phase I and subsequent periods, but G/F from d 5 to 7 after weaning was improved linearly (p = 0.04) as dietary FSP level increased. Pigs fed with 10% FSP also improved G/F compared with those fed only SPC (p<0.05). At d 7, there were linear increments in fecal dry matter (DM) (p<0.1) and nitrogen (N) (p<0.01) digestibilities as the dietary FSP level increased. The digestibilities of fecal essential and total amino acids were increased as the FSP level increased (linear effect, p<0.1). For Exp. 2, three ((Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace)${\times}$Duroc) weaned barrows (average initial BW of 7.32 kg) were surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo-cecal junction. The experimental designs were 3${\times}$3 latin squares with pigs and periods as blocking criteria. Dietary treatments and composition were the same as in Exp. 1. Apparent ileal N digestibility was increased as FSP level was increased (linear effect, p<0.05). The dietary treatments (SPC and FSP) did not affect apparent ileal DM digestibility (p>0.05). Among essential amino acids, apparent digestibility of ileal arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) and phenylalanine (Phe) were improved as the FSP level increased (linear effect, p<0.1). Also, apparent ileal total essential, non-essential and total amino acid digestibilities were increased linearly (p<0.1). In conclusion, replacing SPC with fermented soy protein appeared beneficial in growth performance, N and amino acid digestibility during the early 7 days after weaning, and an equivalent effect showed on growth performance in subsequent period of 7 to 28 days after weaning.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2005

Scoria의 입자도를 달리하여 양돈사료내 첨가급여시 돼지의 성장효과, 사료이용성, 도체 특성 그리고 분중의 주요 오염물질인 질소와 인의 함량에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 시 험을 실시하였다. 대조구(기초사료)와 대조구 사료의 $3\%$ 수준을 500, 1,000, 1,700 ${\mu}m$로 제조된 scoria로 대체하여 배합된 사료로 나누어 급여한 처리 등 모두 4처리를 두어 143일간 사양시험을 실시하였는데 각 처리당 3반복(반복당 male 4, 거세돈 3두)으로 총 84두의 이유자돈을 완전임의 배치하였다. 시험종료 후 전두수를 축협공판장(등급판정소)에서 돼지등급판정 기준에 의해 도체등급을 조사하였고, 육색은 Chromameter를 사용하였으며, 분중의 질소와 인의 함량은 A.O.A.C 분석법 (1990)에 따라 분석하였다. 이러한 방법에 의해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 자돈기에는 scoria 첨가구 모두가 대조구에 비해 증체량이 낮았고, 사료요구율은 높았으며 육성기에는 scoria 입자도 $1,700\;{\mu}m$ 급여구가 증체량 및 사료효율이 가장 높았고, 비육기에서는 $1,000\;{\mu}m$ 입자도 첨가구가 일당증체량이 높고 사료요구율이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 전기간($0{\sim}143$일) 동안을 비교하면 scoria 입자도 $1,000\;{\mu}m$가 증체량 및 사료효율면에서 $1,700\;{\mu}m$ 보다 유리하였다. 2. 도체중은 모든 scoria 첨가구가 유의적 (P<0.05)으로 높았으나, scoria 입자도간 차이는 없었다. 그리고 등지방두께는 처리간 차이가 없었고, 도체등급에서 A+B 등급인 상등급 출현율은 대조구에 비해 scoria 첨가구가 월등히 증가하였으며, scoria 입자도간에는 $500\;{\mu}m$가 A등급 출현율이 가장 높았다. 3. 돼지고기의 육색은 명도(L값)의 경우는 대조구가 약간 높았으나 $1,000\;{\mu}m$ 및 $1,700\;{\mu}m$ 입자도와는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 적색도(a값)는 scoria 입자도 $1,000\;{\mu}m$ 급여구에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 황색도(b값)에서는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 4. 분중의 총질소 함량은 육성기에서 scoria 입자도 $1,000\;{\mu}m$ 급여구가, 비육기에서는 scoria 입자도 $1,700\;{\mu}m$ 급여가 가장 감소효과가 컸고, 인의 함량은 자돈기에서 scoria 입자도간 차이는 없었으나, 육성기와 비육기에는 각각 $1,700\;{\mu}m,\;1,000{\mu}m$의 scoria 입자도에서 배설량 감소효과가 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 2008

To determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs, two experiments were designed with the experimental diets containing five true digestible P levels (0.16%, 0.20%, 0.23%, 0.26% and 0.39%) and the ratio of total calcium to true digestible P (TDP) kept at 2:1. In Experiment 1, five barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 27.9 kg were used in a $5{\times}5$ Latin-square design to evaluate the effect of different dietary P levels on the digestibility and output of P and nitrogen. In Experiment 2, sixty healthy growing pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 21.4 kg were assigned randomly to one of the five dietary treatments (12 pigs/diet), and were used to determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs on the basis of growth performance and serum biochemical indices. The results indicated that the true digestibility of P increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing dietary TDP level below 0.26%. The true P digestibility was highest (56.6%) when dietary TDP was 0.34%. Expressed as g/kg dry matter intake (DMI), fecal P output increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing P input. On the basis of g/kg fecal dry matter (DM), fecal P output was lowest for Diet 4 and highest (p<0.05) for Diet 5. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) did not differ (p>0.05) among the five diets, with the average nitrogen output of 12.14 g/d and nitrogen retention of 66% to 74% (p>0.05), which suggested that there was no interaction between dietary P and CP protein levels. During the 28-d experimental period of Experiment 2, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs was affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Eq. (1): $y=-809,532x^4+788,079x^3-276,250x^2+42,114x-1,759$; ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = ADG, g/d; x = dietary TDP, %), F/G for pigs by Eq. (2): $y=3,651.1x^4-3,480.4x^3+1,183.8x^2-172.5x+10.9$ ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = F/G; x = dietary TDP, %), and Total P concentrations in serum by Eq. (3): $y=-3,311.7x^4+3,342.7x^3-1,224.6x^2+195.6x-8.7$ (R2 = 0.99; p<0.01; y = total serum P concentration and x = dietary TDP, %). The highest ADG (782 g/d), the lowest F/G (1.07) and the highest total serum P concentration (3.1 mmol/L) were obtained when dietary TDP level was 0.34%. Collectively, these results indicate that the optimal TDP requirement of growing pigs is 0.34% of the diet at a total Ca to TDP ratio of 2:1.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.1164-1172
• /
• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma reesei derived phytase for pigs fed diets with fixed calcium to total phosphorus ratios (1.5:1). In Exp. 1, 280 weaned pigs (initial BW of $10.32{\pm}1.94$ kg) were allocated to one of five dietary treatments on the basis of weight and gender in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were the low phosphorus (0.6% Ca, 0.4% total P and 0.23% available P) diets supplemented with 0, 250, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU phytase/kg of diet and a positive control diet (PC; 0.85% Ca, 0.58% total P and 0.37% available P). The treatments were applied to seven pens with eight pigs per pen, half male and half female. In Exp. 2, six barrows fitted with ileal T-cannula (initial BW = $35.1{\pm}1.6$ kg) were assigned to three dietary treatments with a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. The dietary treatments were the low-phosphorus diet (0.53% Ca, 0.34% total P and 0.14% available P), the low phosphorus diet plus 1,000 FTU phytase/kg and a positive control diet (0.77% Ca, 0.50% total P and 0.30% available P). In Exp. 1, there were linear increases (p<0.01) in weight gain, phosphorus absorption, bone strength, calcium and phosphorus content of fat-free dried bone and plasma phosphorus concentrations with increasing dose rate of phytase. The performance of pigs fed the diets with 250, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU of phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet. Pigs fed diets with 1,000 or 2,000 FTU of phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet in bone characteristics. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ash and energy was not affected by dietary treatment. However, pigs fed the PC diet excreted more fecal phosphorus (g/d, p<0.01) and fecal phosphorus per BW gain (g/kg) than pigs fed the diets with phytase. Phytase linearly decreased (p<0.01) fecal phosphorus excreted per BW gain (g/kg), plasma calcium concentration as well as plasma and bone alkaline phosphatase activity. In Exp. 2, phytase supplementation in the low-P diet increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca, P, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine and cysteine, tended to AID of crude protein, isoleucine, threonine, asparagine and serine. In conclusion, the novel phytase originated from Trichoderma reesei is effective in releasing Ca, P, and amino acids from corn soy based diet for pigs.

• 동물자원연구
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.172-182
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 저영양 비육돈 사양이 고영양 사양에 비해 도체 및 돈육의 질을 개선시킬 수 있을지를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 체중 약 50kg의 LYD 교잡종 암퇘지와 거세돼지 각각 68두씩을 8돈방에 배치하고 3.54Mcal DE/kg과 1.00% 라이신을 함유한 고영양사료 혹은 3.02Mcal DE/kg과 0.68% lysine을 함유한 저영양사료를 약 120kg까지 급여하고 도살하였다. 총 20개의 도체로부터 삼겹살, 등심, 뒷다리 및 목심을 잘라내고 삼겹살과 등심, 뒷다리 및 목심의 대표적인 근육의 질에 관한 이화학적 분석과 관능검사를 수행하였다. 일당증체량, 사료효율 및 등지방두께는 고에너지구보다 저에너지구가 낮았다(p<0.05). 목심의 가열감량, 경도 및 씹힘성 수치는 저영양구가 고영양구보다 낮았다. 신선육(근육)에 대한 관능평가에서 등심의 색깔, 상강도 및 기호도 평점은 저영양구가 고영양구보다 높았고, 삼겹살의 근육:지방 균형 평점은 저영양구가 고영양구보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.10). 또한 뒷다리 가열육에 대한 관능평가에서는 풍미 및 다즙성 평점이 저영양구가 고영양구보다 높았다. 결론적으로, 이상의 결과는 저영양으로 비육돈을 사양하면 고영양 사양에 비해 성장성적은 저하되지만 도체 및 돈육의 질을 향상시킬 수도 있음을 시사한다.