• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2001

The progress of giant dyke construction off the Mangyung and Donajin rivers, has yielded enormous impact on the estuarine environment, both hydrodynamically and sedimentologically. Especially the inter-dyke gap in the northern Saemankeum area, 4 km wide between Yamido and Piungdo, has acted as an artificial tidal inlet. Due to such a changed geometry, tidal regime has been reversed from being flood- to ebb-dominated with a directional change from NE-SW to E-W. As a result, a large tongue-like tidal sand bar (named Saemankeum Bar) has conspicuously grown seaward through the artificial tidal inlet. The Saemankeum Bar composed of well-sorted very fine sands (3.0-3.5${\phi}$) has grown at a rate of 1.63 km/yr for the past three yews (1996-1998). Such a rapid growth of the sand bar is attributed to enhanced sediment supply derived from the degradation of former tidal sand bars at the mouth of the Mangyung River. Eventually the reworking of the tidal sand bars also caused the pre-existing tidal channels to be wider, deeper and more straightened. All of these phenomena well examplify the critical effect of artificial modifications on the natural estuarine environments.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.435-444
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• 1997

bar는 하상의 기복중에서 가장 대표적인 충적지형으로 어느 하천에서나 쉽게 발견된다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 bar의 지형적 특성을 구명하는 것이다. 연구지역은 골지천 하류뷰이며, 총 6개 지점 bar를 조사하였다. 6개 bar는 모두 입경이 2mm 이상인 gravel bar이며 3, 5지점을 제외한 나머지 bar들은 유슈의 방향을 따라 길쭉한 형상을 하고 있다. bar의 력을 조사한 결과, 상류뷰에서 하류뷰로 가면서 입경이 감소하며 원마도는 증가하였다. bar의 형상은 수위변도, 하도경사, 형상계수 등에 따라 국지적으로 다르게 변화한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
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• pp.47-50
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• 2000

Recently many efforts on the development of automatic processing system for delivery sequence sorting have been performed in ETRI , which requires the use of postal 4-state bar code system to encode delivery points. The 4-state bar code called postal 4-state bar code for high speed processing that has been specifically designed for information processing of logistics and automatic processing of the mail items. This paper describes a method of Reed-Solomon encoding for creating error correction codeword of 4-state bar code.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.197-210
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• 2019

Motion generation of a four-bar linkage is a type of mechanism synthesis that has a wide range of applications such as a pick-and-place operation in manufacturing. In this research, the use of meta-heuristics for motion generation of a four-bar linkage is demonstrated. Three problems of motion generation were posed as a constrained optimization probably using the weighted sum technique to handle two types of tracking errors. A simple penalty function technique was used to deal with design constraints while three meta-heuristics including differential evolution (DE), self-adaptive differential evolution (JADE) and teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) were employed to solve the problems. Comparative results and the effect of the constraint handling technique are illustrated and discussed.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.524-527
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• 2002

This paper is on the development of an educational 6-axis articulated manipulator using 4-bar linkage system. Especially, the 2$^{nd}$ and the 3$^{rd}$ axes need large torque to control the movement of an end-effect. However, small motors (RC-servo, DC-gear, stepping meters) are used for the 4-bar linkage. In addition the manipulator can be operated by a switch and also motion can be realized automatically, based on C-language coded users programs..

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2011

제초제 저항성 유전자를 국내 장려품종 감자인 '대지'에 도입하여 제초제 저항성 감자계통들을 개발하였으며, 그 중에서 농업적 형질이 우수하며 실용화 가능성이 큰 계통을 선발하기 위하여 3년간 포장 검정을 실시하였다. 제초제 저항성 감자 4계통 중에서 가장 상업화에 적합한 Bar 3 계통을 선발하였으며, Bar 3 계통은 비형질전환 감자인 '대지'와 비교하여 수량성과 주요 작물학적인 특성, 영양학적 특성 및 충에 대한 반응에서 차이를 발견할 수 없었고 두 감자계통과 품종의 실질적 동등성을 확인할 수 있었다. Bar 3 계통은 5배의 고농도 제초제 처리에서도 피해를 나타내지 않았으며, 형질전환 후 세대가 진행되는 동안의 수량과 식물학적인 특성은 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. Bar 3 계통은 더뎅이병과 실금이나 2차 생장과 같은 생리적 장해 발생률이 낮았으며, 그 이유는 명확하게 구명되지 않았으나, Bar 3 계통과 같은 제초제 저항성 감자를 사용할 경우 감자 재배지역에서의 더뎅이병 발생과 토양 유실 문제를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 비형질전환 감자와 형질전환 Bar 3 계통의 영양학적 특성(무기성분, 비타민 C와 아미노산 함량)과 해충(파밤나방)에 대한 반응을 분석비교한 결과, 두 감자 계통과 품종의 차이를 발견할 수 없었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.856-870
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• 2008

Objectives : Consumption is a chronic wasting disease and major portion of Oriental Medicine's therapy. However, there is no standard diagnostic method for consumption that is $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$. Methods : A questionnaire which includes symptoms and signs for diagnosis of $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$ was evaluated by Delphi technique. Each question was valuated by interviewing 27 oriental medicine doctors. Then. we choose questions given over 5 points and reorganized some items according to the recommendations by interviewed-doctors. We then accessed the value of re-organized questions composing of the questionnaires. Conclusion : We finally chose each 9 items of $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$'s questionnaire. Further study is necessary for modification of questionnaire by statistics and certification by clinical trial.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.110-111
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• 2019

In ACI 318-19 published recently, the conditions and development length equation to use the headed deformed bars were changed considerably. Although the use of the larger-diameter(No.14 and 18) headed deformed bars isn't yet permitted, the use of the high strength(80,000psi) headed deformed bars is permitted and the effect of bar-diameter($d_b$) on the development length is increased considerably. Therefore, structures using larger-diameter headed deformed bars will be expected to be affected by this code change. We will study the effect of the code change on the development design and find out the design optimization method to minimize the effect of the changed conditions and development length equation.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.2036-2041
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• 2014

In this paper, a thermal model is developed for the bus bar system to predict the temperature variation during the transient time period and to calculate both the steady-state and transient electrical current carrying capacity (ampacity) of bus bar. The bus bar system installed in the power house of Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore has been considered. Temperature variation predicted in the modelling is validated by observing the current and steady state temperatures in different feeders of the bus bar. Magnetic field of the extreme phases R and B induces more current in the middle phase Y. Hence, the steady state temperature in the phase Y is greater than other two phases. The transient capabilities of the bus bar are illustrated by calculating the variations in the bus bar temperature when it is subjected to a step change in current during the peak hours due to increase in hostel utilities and facilities (5.30 pm to 10.30 pm). The physical and geometrical properties of the bus bar and temperature variation in the bus bar are used to estimate the thermal time constants for common bus bar cross-sections. An analytical expression for the time constant of the bus bar is derived.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2018

This paper presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for evaluating bond strength of deformed, plain and cold formed bars in low strength concrete. The ANN models were implemented using the experimental database developed by conducting experiments in three different universities on total of 138 pullout and 108 splitting specimens under monotonic loading. The key parameters examined in the experiments are low strength concrete, bar development length, concrete cover, rebar type (deformed, cold-formed, plain) and diameter. These deficient parameters are typically found in non-engineered reinforced concrete structures of developing countries. To develop ANN bond model for each bar type, four inputs (the low strength concrete, development length, concrete cover and bar diameter) are used for training the neurons in the network. Multi-Layer-Perceptron was trained according to a back-propagation algorithm. The ANN bond model for deformed bar consists of a single hidden layer and the 9 neurons. For Tor bar and plain bars the ANN models consist of 5 and 6 neurons and a single hidden layer, respectively. The developed ANN models are capable of predicting bond strength for both pull and splitting bond failure modes. The developed ANN models have higher coefficient of determination in training, validation and testing with good prediction and generalization capacity. The comparison of experimental bond strength values with the outcomes of ANN models showed good agreement. Moreover, the ANN model predictions by varying different parameters are also presented for all bar types.