• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권10호
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• pp.2686-2703
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• 1998

프로세서 메모리 혼합 구조는 해마다 증가하는 프로세서와 메모리간의 성능 격차를 해결하는 대안으로 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 프로세서 메모리 혼합 구조의 여러 가지 설계 대안들을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해서 DRAM 접근 시간의 분석적 모델을 제안하고 성능 향상점 및 성능 병목점을 찾았다. 제안한 분석적 모델에 의하여 DRAM 페이지 적중률을 증대하여 성능을 향상시키는 구조로써 새로운 온칩 DRAM 구조인 프리차지 연기 뱅크 아키텍쳐를 제안하였다. 또한 제안한 뱅크 아키텍쳐에 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 뱅크 인터리빙 방법을 제시하였다. 제안한 구조는 기존의 일반적 DRAM 구조 및 계층적 다중-뱅크 구조보다 우수함을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 증명하였다. 시뮬레이션은 SimpleScalar 툴을 개조하여 사용하였고, SPEC95 벤치마크에 대해서, 캐쉬 메모리의 크기, 뱅크 개수, 프리차지 연기 시간 등의 변화에 대한 성능을 분석하였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.125-163
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• 1996

Since the bank managers were accustomed to be under the goverment policy and control so far, all what they had to do were just to follow the government policy and wait for customers. These usual practices resultedin neglection of concerns for innovation and competitive power. However, it currently happens the change of business environment such as the liberalization of interest rates and the open finance market policy. Thus, it is necessary for the bank managers to have a concern on that situation for the improvement of profitability through productivity and cost-down. The bank managers are trying to set out an innovation strategy to cope with this situation. An innovation strategy should be based on its own characteristics of banking business. The banking business is different from those of other business because it deals with intangible services rather than material goods and thus, the bank managers have to be more sensitive to the customers. There also exists an inefficiency of internal process due to too many repetition of 'check and balance'. Thus, We set out the five principles and six selected tasks in order to settle down an inefficiency and to redesign a bank operation process.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

In this study, a longitudinal pitch effect on in-line tube bank heat transfer has been analyzed numerically. To verify the accuracy of the solver model and boundary conditions, global Nusselt number(Nu) and pressure drop across the 2 row tube bank are compared with the existing experimental correlations under 500 ~ 2,000 Reynolds number(Re) range. By changing transverse pitch($S_T$) or longitudinal pitch($S_L$) separately in tube bank, we're trying to identify the each effect on heat transfer. We found that the effect of transverse pitch can be accounted for Reynolds number evaluated with maximum velocity($V_{max}$) at the smallest flow area similar to most existing correlations. Variation of the longitudinal pitch($S_L$) has a greater impact on the heat transfer compared to the transverse pitch($S_T$). Overall Nusselt number increases with larger longitudinal pitch($S_L$), however individual Nusselt number of the tube row has significant difference after the first row.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2008

Malate dehydrogenase is a ubiquitous enzyme in plants, involving in a range of metabolic processes depending on its subcellular location. A malate dehydrogenase (PgMDH) cDNA was isolated and characterized from the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. The deduced amino acid sequence of PgMDH showed high similarity with the NAD-dependent mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from Glycinemax (P17783), Eucalyptus gunnii (P46487), and Lycopersicon esculentum (AAU29198). And the segment of a malate dehydrogenase gene was amplified through RT-PCR. The expression of PgMDH was increased after treatments of chilling, salt, UV, cadmium or copper treatment.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Purpose: This study mainly aims to investigate the connection between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior of bank employee. Another objective of this study is to check out the mediating impact of perceived organizational politics of bank personnel on the connection between their job happiness and citizenship behavior. Research design, data and methodology: Snowball sampling is utilized in this study, which is done among bank personnel at different public and private banks across north-eastern region of Bangladesh as well as information is accumulated through the use of a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. IBM SPSS v22, Andrew F. Hayes process macro v3.5 and SmartPLS 3 are used to complete descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study results explore that employees' political perception has a negative influence on organizational citizenship behavior where bank employees' job happiness has a positive impact on structural citizenship manners and negative impact on perceived organizational politics. Surprisingly, perceptions of organizational politics were found to have an insignificant mediating effect on the connection between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusions: The present study reveals that satisfied bank personnel shows positive and constructive actions toward their organization where their political perception has an insignificant mediation.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제12B권4호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2005

본 논문은 다차원 서브밴드 필터 뱅크에서 양자화 효과에 대한 분석과 그에 따른 최적의 필터 설계 방법에 대한 이론을 제안한다. 기존의 서브밴드 필터뱅크에 대한 연구에서 양자화 과정에 대한 고려는 매우 미미하였다. 본 연구에서는 확률 밀도에 최적화된 양자화기가 이득에 무상관성 잡음이 더하여진 비선형 형태로 모델링 되어 서브밴드 구조에 결합된다. 분석/합성 필터 뱅크에 다위상 분리 방법을 적용하여 양자화 과정에 의한 출력에서의 MSE가 유도되며 이 에러의 최소화 과정을 통하여 최적의 필터 설계 방법이 개발된다. 또한 5점형 구조의 표본화 격자를 이용한 최적의 비분리 파라유니터리와 이중직교 필터의 설계와 이를 이용한 영상 데이터의 압축 및 복원 과정을 통하여 성능 분석을 한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안한 설계방법에 따른 필터가 기존의 단순한 PR 서브밴드 필터보다 영상의 압축 및 복원에서 10에서 20퍼센트 정도의 MSE 감소를 보여주었고 낮은 비트율에서 특히 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

Purpose - As an important participant in the financial markets, the commercial bank will be impacted by the interest rate marketization. Owing to the special condition of China, this paper tries to explore the impact of operating mechanisms between interest rate marketization and the profitability of the commercial Bank. Research design, data and methodology - This paper applies time series data from 2005 to 2016. Due to the short period of time series, autocorrelation often occurs. Therefore, the fully modified least squares(FMOLS) will be used to conduct an empirical analysis. The reason is that it can move off the autocorrelation between variables and disturbance term. And FMOLS also can make estimated cointegrating parameters closed to normal distribution. More importantly, in order to avoid spurious regressions, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test will be used to verify the stationarity of all variables. The total return of asset is treated as the profitability of commercial bank. The net interest spread is treated as a measurement of interest rate marketization. Both are regarded as dependent variables. The non-interest income or gross revenues and impaired loans or gross loans are treated as independent variables. The sixteen representative listed commercial banks are divided into three categories (state-owned, share-holding and city-owned) to conduct an estimation. Results - Via empirical analysis, the findings show that the net interest spread has a positive effect on the profitability of the commercial bank. More specifically, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.157% increase in the profitability of state-owned commercial bank, 0.269% increase in the profitability of share-holding commercial bank and 0.263% increase in the profitability of city-owned commercial bank. If regarding the sixteen listed commercial city as a whole, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.267% increase in the profitability of the commercial bank. Conclusions - As the interest rate marketization, the importance of interest rate on the profitability of commercial bank has become more and more significant. The empirical evidences also prove that the net interest spread can bring about the change of the commercial bank's profitability. Therefore, policy-makers of commercial banks should fully understand the operating mechanism between them.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.938-946
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• 1996

계층적 구조를 갖는 서브밴드 코덱은 그 구조의 간단성과 모듈적인 특성으로 인하여 데이타 압축/복원 시스템에 많이 쓰여왔다. 최근까지 연구되어 오고 있는 대부분의 계층적 서브밴드 코덱은 주로 양자화 영향을 고려하지 않은 상태에서 출력단에서 입력 신호를 복원하기 위한 완전복원(perfet Reconstruction)시스템에 제한되어 왔다. 그러나 실제적인 서브밴드 코덱 시스템에서는 분석 필터 뱅크를 통한 입력 신호가 양자화기를 거쳐 합성필터 뱅크에 전송되므로, 양자화 오차가 발생하게 되어 완전복 원은 불가능하게 된다. 따라서, 이러한 양자화 오차를 최소화하여 출력단에서 가능한 한 원 입력신호에 가깝게 재생할 수 있는 최적의 코덱 시스템을 필요로 하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 그 동안 수학적 이론과 코덱구조의 복합성 때문에 고려되지 않았던 양자화기에 위한 양자화 오차를 수학적으로 분석하여 최적화된 계층적 구조를 갖는 서브밴드 코덱의 설계를 제안한다. 본 논문에서의 최적화의기준은 코덱에서 양자화 기에 의해 발생하는 평균 제곱 오차를 최소화하는 계층적 분석/합성 필터 뱅크와 양자화기의 설계에 있다. 구체적인 최적화 설계 예제는 레벨-1. 레벨-2 계층적 구조를 갖는 코덱에 실제 적용되었으며, 설계된 코덱은 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통하여 검증하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

기존에 ADPLL(All Digital Phase Locked Loop)에서는 DCO(Digitally Controlled Oscillator)의 해상도를 향상시키기 위해 주로 dithering 기법이 사용되었다. 본 논문에서는 dithering 방식에서 발생하는 문제점을 보안하고자 DAC를 이용한 DCO의 해상도 확보 방법을 제안하였다. $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정을 이용하여 고해상도의 2.4GHz LC DCO를 무선 로컬 네트워크 통신에 적용 가능하도록 설계하였다. 설계된 DCO는 900MHz의 주파수 튜닝 범위를 가지고 발진하며 58.8Hz의 해상도를 보여준다. 주파수 컨트롤은 coarse, fine, DAC 배랙터 bank에 의해서 이루어지며, coarse와 fine bank는 PMOS 배랙터로, DAC bank는 NMOS 배랙터로 구성되었다. 각 배랙터 bank는 8비트의 디지털 입력으로 컨트롤된다. 설계된 DCO의 위상잡음은 1MHz 옵셋에서 -123.8dBc/Hz이다. 설계된 DCO는 공급전압 1.2V에서 4.2mA의 전류를 소모한다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2018

Ecological and ecosystem database is becoming very necessary to understand origins and relationship between human and nature and also to minimize disturbance caused by human activities. An ecological information portal can play important roles as a computing system to collect knowledge, distributed research findings and separated data from researchers. In this study, we designed and developed ecological information portal service (EcoBank 1.0) for collecting and providing ecological information for diverse classes of stakeholders. To reach the goal, we had reviewed related and comparable ecological database portals to design conceptual structure of EcoBank system including database management framework. Then, we developed some functions of ecosystem analysis for each stake-holders (researchers, general public and policy makers). As a result of this study, we successfully designed of EcoBank system covering the functions of Digital Object Identifier(DOI) publishing and data quality management process. Also, we (1) applied ecological indices for calculating biodiversity by administrative boundary for policy makers, (2) provided statistical information of econature map for general public and distribution characteristics of species for researchers. To make a successful establishment of EcoBank, we have to collect and build up related database and offer various and reliable ecological data consistently. We expect that the successful construction of EcoBank will help not only to accomplish sustainable development goals but also to raise the welfare of ecosystem in Korea.