• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.52-66
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• 2010

Since large objects consume substantial resources, web proxy caching incurs a fundamental trade-off between performance (i.e., hit-ratio and latency) and overhead (i.e., resource usage), in terms of caching and relaying large objects to users. This paper investigates how and to what extent the current dedicated-server based web proxy caching scheme is affected by large file transfers in a high bandwidth campus network environment. We use a series of trace-based performance analyses and profiling of various resource components in our experimental squid proxy cache server. Large file transfers often overwhelm our cache server. This causes a bottleneck in a web network, by saturating the network bandwidth of the cache server. Due to the requests for large objects, response times required for delivery of concurrently requested small objects increase, by a factor as high as a few million, in the worst cases. We argue that this cache bandwidth bottleneck problem is due to the fundamental limitations of the current centralized web proxy caching model that scales poorly when there are a limited amount of dedicated resources. This is a serious threat to the viability of the current web proxy caching model, particularly in a high bandwidth access network, since it leads to sporadic disconnections of the downstream access network from the global web network. We propose a peer-to-peer cooperative web caching scheme to address the cache bandwidth bottleneck problem. We show that it performs the task of caching and delivery of large objects in an efficient and cost-effective manner, without generating significant overheads for participating peers.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2021

The study determined the access, skills and constraints towards the usage of ICT among barangay officials. A complete enumeration technique was used due to the small size of the population. A total of 121 barangay secretaries and barangay treasurers comprised the study respondents. The findings revealed that most of barangay officials have access to personal computer at home and in the office using their own mobile data and office internet connectivity. With the support from the Local Government Unit (LGU), it was found that most of the respondents are advance and proficient in computer usage. As constraints to ICT usage, the study respondents still experienced slow internet bandwidth that makes connection and communication weak along with the low income status. Consequently, it was found that there were no significant differences in terms of skills and constraints among barangay secretaries and barangay treasurers towards using ICT. It can be concluded that study respondents prefer to use office computer to access the information they need due to the convenience and availability of resources. The study respondents were competent enough to handle their job well but listed slow internet and low financial resources may hamper their ICT usage. Research implications were also offered.

• 정보화연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2013

Web Services offer many benefits over other types of middleware in distributed computing. However, usage of Web Services results in large network bandwidth since Web Services use XML-based protocol which is heavier than binary protocols. Even though there have been many researches to minimize the network traffic and bandwidth usages of Web Services messages, none of them are solving problem clearly yet. In this paper, we propose a transparent proxy with cache to avoid transfer of repeated SOAP data, sent by Web Service to an application. To maintain the cache consistency, we introduce publish/subscribe paradigm using WS-Eventing between the proxy and Web Service. The implemented system based on our proposed architecture will not compromise the standards of Web Service. The evaluation of our system shows that caching SOAP messages not only reduces the network traffic but also decreases the request delays.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.5365-5380
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• 2016

Estimation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is an important problem in wireless communication systems. It has been studied for various constellation types and channels using different estimation techniques. Maximum likelihood estimation is a technique which provides efficient and in most cases unbiased estimators. In this paper, we have applied maximum likelihood estimation for systems employing square or cross QAM signals which are undergoing slow flat Rayleigh fading. The problem has been considered under various scenarios like data-aided (DA), non-data-aided (NDA) and partially data-aided (PDA) and the performance of each type of estimator has been evaluated and compared. It has been observed that the performance of DA estimator is best due to usage of pilot symbols, with the drawback of greater bandwidth consumption. However, this can be catered for by using partially data-aided estimators whose performance is better than NDA systems with some extra bandwidth requirement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2010

There is a well-defined propagation model, named the random constant spread (RCS) model, which explains worms that spread their clones with a random scanning strategy. This model uses the number of infected hosts in a domain as a factor in the worms' propagation. However, there are difficulties in explaining the characteristics of new Internet worms because they have several considerable new features: the denial of service by network saturation, the utilization of a faster scanning strategy, a smaller size in the worm's propagation packet, and to cause maximum damage before human-mediated responses are possible. Therefore, more effective factors are required instead of the number of infected hosts. In this paper, the network bandwidth usage rate is found to be an effective factor that explains the propagations of the new Internet worms with the random scanning strategy. The analysis and simulation results are presented using this factor. The simulation results show that the scan rate is more sensitive than the propagation packet for detecting worms' propagations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.291-304
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• 2019

This paper proposes a dynamic-tiling-based bandwidth-efficient (DTBE) virtual reality (VR) streaming scheme. We consider 360-degree VR contents with multiple view points such as the front, back, upper, and bottom sides. At a given time, the focus of a client is always bound to a certain view among multiple view points. By utilizing this perspective, under our proposed scheme, tiles with high encoding rates are selectively assigned to the focused view where multiple view points consist of multiple tiles with different encoding rates. The other tiles with low encoding rates are assigned to the remaining view points. Furthermore, for reducing view adaptation delay, we design a novel rapid view adaptation mechanism that selectively delivers an I-frame during view point updates by using frame indexing. We implement the proposed scheme on a commercial VR test bed where we adopt the MPEG media transport (MMT) standard with high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) tile modes. The measurement-based experiments show that the proposed scheme achieves an average data usage reduction of almost 65.2% as well as average view adaptation delay reduction of almost 57.7%.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.175-181
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• 1999

ATM과 non-ATM 간의 서비스가 연동도기 위해서는 트래픽 파라메타가 고려되어야 한다. 예를 들면 프레임 기반의 FR 트래픽 제어와 셀 기반의 ATM UPC와는 QoS 측면에서 정확하게 일치하기 어렵다. ATM 과 FR은 서로 다른 전달 모드와 트래픽 파라메타를 가지며, 기본 단위가 프레임과 셀로서 별도의 제어 방법을 갖는다. 또한 동일 사용자 정보를 전송하는데 ATM 측의 대역이 FR보다 훨씬 크다. 이는 ATM 셀 및 AAL5 구성 형태에서 기인하는데 FR/ATM 연동시 트래픽 파라메타를 사상하는데 대역비가 사용된다. 따라서 FR/ATM 연동에서 트래픽 파라메타를 사상하여 망간의 QoS를 유지시키며, 망의 자원을 효율적으로 활용하기 위해서는 적합한 트래픽 대역비를 고려하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서 FR과 ATM 간 QoS를 유지하기 위하여 이들 간의 트래픽 파라메타를 사상하는 방법을 소개하고, 도일 사용자 정보를 전달하는데 필요한 FR과 ATM 간의 대역 비를 예측하는 방법을 기술한다. 본 논문에서는 대역비를 예측하는데 필요한 사용자 트래픽의 프레임 길이 분포를 Erlang 또는 지수 함수로 가정하고 수행하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권12B호
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• pp.1623-1635
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• 2011

4세대 이동통신시스템에서는 사용자가 이용하는 서비스 종류 및 가입한 요금제, 서비스 이용 형태 등에 따라서 각 사용자에게 서로 다른 품질의 서비스를 제공하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 단말이 상향링크 자원 요청을 위해서 수행하는 random access 과정을 개선하여 각 사용자 별 서비스 품질 차별화를 도모하였다. 구체적으로 bandwidth request 채널의 구조를 primary 영역과 secondary 영역으로 구분하였고 각 영역을 이용하여 random access를 수행할 수 있는 사용자의 등급을 영역 별로 제한하였다. 이러한 제안 기술을 이용하면 서로 다른 등급의 사용자 사이에 발생하는 불필요한 random access 경쟁을 방지할 수 있기 때문에 전체적인 사용자의 random access 성공 확률을 유지하면서 primary 영역을 이용하여 random access를 시도하는 사용자의 성공 확률을 증가시킬 수 있다. 제안 기술은 2010년 3월 IEEE 802.16 Session #66 회의에서 발표되었고 제안 기술의 개념 및 필요한 메시지가 802. 16m 표준에 채택되는 성과를 거두었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
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• pp.177-180
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• 2002

This paper introduces a new distributed QoS (Quality of Service) control system for clusters of web servers. The proposed system can employ not only network bandwidth but also other metrics such as processor load, memory usage, and storage access load that affect the overall system performance. Moreover, it controls over clustered\ulcorner workstations in of-der to utilize idle resources among workstations. This architecture maximizes overall usage of cluster of web servers while it provides predictable and differentiated performance for each contents volume. We implemented a prototype of introduced system, and the test results showed the proposed method can control QoS in a cluster server system.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

인지전파 기술은 지역과 시간에 따라 일시적으로 사용하지 않는 주파수 대역을 자동으로 인지하고 찾아서 환경에 맞게 통신방식, 주파수 대역폭 등을 능동적으로 판단하여 통신함으로서 한정적인 주파수 자원을 효율적으로 사용하고자 하는 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 오검출과 오경보의 불완전한 센싱 환경하의 인지 전파망에서 주사용자나 부사용자의 세션 큐가 스펙트럼 사용효율에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 연속시간 마르코프 체인 분석을 통하여 정량적으로 규명하였다. 큐가 있을 경우 주 사용자는 최대 18% 까지, 부 사용자는 최대 50% 까지 스펙트럼 사용 효율을 높일 수 있었다.