• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2018

Bamboo culm comprises internodes and nodes and is tapered from the bottom to the top. Anatomically, bamboo culm comprises vascular bundles and parenchymal base tissue. The gross anatomical structure of a transverse section of any culm internode is determined by the shape, size, arrangement, and number of vascular bundles. The purpose of this research was to examine the morphology of culm and the distribution and shape of vascular bundles in Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris). Bamboo culms were harvested from the base. Test samples were obtained from a central 2-cm long segment of each internode across the entire length of the culm. Results showed an uneven spread of vascular bundles in the internode cross-section. Transitioning from the outer to the inner layer of the internode, the number of vascular bundles per unit area decreased and their shape was variable. The size of vascular bundles in the middle layer of the internode was greater than that of those in the outer and inner layers. The shape of vascular bundles was circular in the outer layer, which gradually transformed into vertical oval toward the middle layer and horizontal oval toward the inner layer. Vascular bundles were of type III and IV in the bottom of the culm and type III in the middle to the top of the culm.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2024

A fungus strain Stereostratum corticioides PKVL1, belonging to the family Pucciniaceae that causes rust in plants, was discovered on the sheath of the bamboo Pseudosasa japonica leading to the death of the infected bamboo in the following year. Microscopic observation of the yellow fungal mass revealed teliospores with an oval, one-septate (two-celled) structure. The average length and width of teliospores were 31.83±3.57 ㎛ and 20.74±1.72 ㎛, respectively. The large-subunit ribosomal RNA gene was amplified using the LR0R and LR7 primers, showing that the strain PKVL1 had a similarity of 99.34% to previously reported S. corticioides. In particular, the two Stereostratum strains form a separate cluster among the fungi in the family Pucciniaceae. This is the first report in the Republic of Korea of fungal rust occurring on the culm of bamboo rather than on the leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.42-51
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• 2004

Wood veneer-bamboo zephyr composite board (WBCB) was manufactured to evaluate the properties of bamboo as alternative raw materials for the manufacture of composite panels. Bamboo zephyr was prepared using Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubesens Mazel. et Z), Giant timber bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc), and Hachiku bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henosos Stapf). The effect of age and species of bamboo on zephyr production was investigated in terms of the pass number of bamboo split through the rollers, and the width increasing rate of bamboo split. Five-ply WBCBs were produced with Keruing veneers as face and back layers, leading to three layers of bamboo zephyr sheets as core layer. Each layer was placed so that its grain direction was at right angles to that of the adjacent layer and the layers were bonded together with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin.The pass number of bamboo split was increased with an increase of the thickness of culm wall. At the same thickness, Moso bamboo showed no effect of the age of bamboo on the pass number. The pass number of split of Giant timber bamboo was lower than that of Moso bamboo. No significant effect of bamboo species and age on the width of zephyr produced was observed. The width of zephyr obtained could be expressed as a function of diameter multiplied by thickness of culm wall. The physical and mechanical properties of WBCB manufactured in all given conditions did not show any significant differences, and they were above the requirement of Korean Standard (KS).

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2010

Pulmonary pathogenesis in lupus is characterized by interstitial inflammation and vasculitis in lungs. We investigated whether bamboo culm extract (BC) attenuates pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in pristane-induced lupus mice. The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were administrated with BC 0.5 ml/kg or PBS orally once a day for 14 days. Our results demonstrated that BC significantly attenuated levels of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) IL-6, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, $PGE_2$ and VEGF, and pulmonary vascular permeability in pristane-induced lupus mice. Therefore, these findings suggest that BC may inhibit development of pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in lupus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1975

This study was intended to clarify interrelations among seven characters of bamboo and their influences upon its culm-volume. The analysis of covariance was used to obtain phenotypic correlations, genotypic correlations and environmental correlations among some characters of Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc., and thereby path-coefficients were calculated based on Dewey's method. The characters considered here included the breast height diameter, culm-height, clear-length, subterranean stem, number of bamboo joints, butt-end diameter and culm-volume of bamboo. Average values, standard errors, variances and standard deviations for the characters mentioned above are shown in Table 1, and phenotypic correlations, genotypic correlations and environmental correlations among seven characters are shown in Table 2, according to the results, there are highly significant relationships among lines but not among some replications. According to Table 4, heritability values in the breast height and butt-end diameters are higher than those in other characters mentioned above. On the other hand, environmental correlations among general characters appear to have lower values than phenotypic and genotypic correlations do. It also appears that the butt-end diameter and breast height diameter are highly correlated with the culm-volume of bamboo. The path-coefficients of individual characters to the culm-volume of bamboo are computed from the correlations (Table 4) and presented in Figure 1 and Table 5, where it could shown the direct and indirect effects on the bamboo culm-volume of each character.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2008

We investigated death rates, growth rates and recruitment of culms in two neighboring bamboo (Phyllostachys bamboosoides) stands nested in by two different bird species to analyze stand structure and to design conservation strategies. A third bamboo grove not used by birds, the Taewha stand, was included as a control stand. The bamboo stand occupied by birds in the family Ardeidae (the Ardeidae stand) had an approximately 1.5 times higher culm density than the stand occupied by birds in the family Corvidae (the Corvidae stand). The crude death rate and the number of newly emerged shoots were also higher in the Ardeidae stand than the Corvidae stand. The death rate for bamboo in the Ardeidae stand was not dependent on diameter at breast height (DBH) and was almost 40% for culms of all sizes, whereas most dead culms in the Corvidae stand were < 4 cm DBH. Consequently, we conclude that in the Ardeidae stand, density-independent causes of death are operating, while density-dependent factor are more important in the Corvidae site. The results of soil analysis in these stands suggest that the density-independent death pattern observed in the Ardeidae stand may be due to soil acidification resulting from wastes produced by the birds during breeding. On the other hand, the culm distribution and death patterns in the Corvidae stand suggest that the stand characteristics were not affected by the nesting birds. These results suggest that different conservation strategies must be applied to conserve bamboo groves used by ardeids and corvids for nesting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.138-147
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• 2012

For biomass estimation of Phyllostachys pubescens stands by optimal survey method we established 9 bamboo sample plots in the research forests of KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute). The dry weight of culm segment determined by relative heights of total bamboo height show us two groups of 1st to 5th culm segment (up to 0~55% culm of tree height from the bottom area) and 6th to 8th culm segment (55~100%) by the results of cluster analysis for dry weight ratio. This results show that upper and lower part of 55~70% reference height from the bottom area against total culm height can be used in obtaining 1 kg of a sample bamboo, respectively, rather than 2.0 m stem segments of other forest tree species. In above-ground biomass estimation by $W=aD+bD^2$ having the highest coefficient of determination in this study, above ground stand biomass was 57.77 ton/ha (culm 40.47 ton/ha, branch 9.29 ton/ha, and leaf 8.01 ton/ha) of which 70% was contributed by culm component followed by branch (16%) and leaf (14%). Below-ground biomass was 53.35 ton/ha in total.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2010

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by systemic inflammation through production of inflammatory mediators and signaling abnormalities between T- and B- cells, leading to autoantibody production and multiorgan injuries. This study was investigated whether bamboo culm extract (BC) attenuates development of lupus systemic inflammation in the early stage in pristane-induced lupus mice. The pristane-induced lupus mice were administrated with BC 0.5 ml/kg or PBS and healthy mice with PBS orally once a day for 14 days. Our results showed that BC remarkably attenuated levels of serum TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, $PGE_2$, and VEGF, production of macrophages IL-6 and $PGE_2$ and expression of macrophages IL-6 and COX-2 mRNA in the presence or absence of LPS in pristane-induced lupus mice. Also, BC remarkably reduced expression of CD40L on the splenic T cells and CD80 on the splenic B cells and upregulated the reduced apoptosis of splenic T cells and CD4+ T cells in pristane-induced lupus mice. Therefore, these findings suggest that BC may attenuate early development of lupus systemic inflammation via downregulation of inflammatory mediators and amelioration of abnormal signaling between T cells and B cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.222-228
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• 2009

Lupus is characterized by immunoregulatory abnormalities between T- and B-cells leading to autoantibody production and multiorgan injuries. We investigated whether bamboo culm extract (BC) ameliorates aberrant activation of T cells and B cells and attenuate production of IL-6 in pristane-induced lupus mice. Lupus was induced by i.p. a single injection of 0.5 ml of pristane in female BALB/c mice, which, later about 4 months, were used as a lupus model. The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were injected i.p. with BC 5 ${\mu}l$/kg or PBS once a day for 3 weeks. These results demonstrated that BC significantly decreased levels of serum and BAL IL-6 and production of IL-6 by macrophages with/without LPS, and downregulated expression of NKT cell and CD86+ CD45R/B220+, but not CD80+CD45R/B220+ and CD69+CD4+ in the splenocytes in pristaneinduced lupus mice. Moreover, BC greatly increased Con A-stimulated production of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ by splenocytes obtained from pristane-induced lupus mice. Therefore, our findings suggest that BC may ameliorate lupus pathogenesis in pristane-induced lupus mice via downregulation of aberrant activation of NKT cells and B cells and inhibition of production of IL-6.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1376-1378
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• 2008

Tachioside (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl-1-O-glucoside), a known phenolic glycoside, was isolated from various bamboo species. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity determined a significant antioxidant activity of tachioside which was comparable to L-ascorbic acid. Each culm and leaf extracts were tested and the culm of Phyllostachys bambusoides appeared to contain the highest amount of tachioside.