• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.665-676
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• 2017

Over the past several years, sea trade have increased traffic by ships which highlighted a problem of unwanted species invading the surrounding seas through ship's ballast water discharge. Maritime trade volume has continuously increased worldwide and the problem still exists. The respective countries are spending billions of dollars in an effort to clean up the contamination and prevent pollution. As part of an effort to solve marine environmental problem, BWM(Ballast Water Management) convention was adopted at a diplomatic conference on Feb. 13 2004. In order to comply harmoniously this convention by each country. This convention will be effective after 12 months from the date which 30 countries ratified accounting for more than 35% of the world merchant shipping volume. On Sep. 8 2016, Finland ratified this convention and effective condition was satisfied as 52 states and world merchant vessel fleet 35.1441%. Thus, after Sep. 8 2017, all existing vessels shall be equipped with BWTS(Ballast Water Treatment System) in accordance with D-2 Regulation, which physically handles ballast water from ballast water exchange system(D-1 Regulation). In this study, we analyzed in detail the optimal design method using the Risk Analysis and Evaluation technique which is mainly used in the manufacturing factory or the risky work site comparing with the traditional design concept method applying various criteria. The Risk Assessment Method is a series of processes for finding the Risk Factors in the design process, analyzing a probility of the accident and size of the accident and then quantifying the Risk Incidence and finally taking measures. In this study, this method was carried out for Electrolysis treatment type on DWT 180K Bulk Carrier using "HAZOP Study" method among various methods. In the Electrolysis type, 63 hazardous elements were identified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.181-185
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• 2005

The treated ballast water from previous treatment contains microorganisms and pathogenic organisms in an filtration treatment system. The advantage of this process can be filtrated to minimize the demage to screen clogging of drum filter with sweeping the solids off rotating the surface of the filter. Another advantage is to drop off the solids with controlling revolution of drum screen in pretreatment filtration process. Also the fact that it is easy to attach and detach a several type of screen for getting the expected water quality is another advantage, too. Filter rotation speed at 20rpmis 40.5cmHg and 40rpm is 36.6cmHg. Filter out impurities from ballast water over 60rpm is 35cmHg. Filtration system removal aquatic organism over $80{\mu}m$ in ballast water. This study shows that the filtration treatment system has a potential for the removal of ballast water.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Although there are many kinds of advanced ballast water management systems, pioneering studies for ballast-water free ship and minimal ballast water ship concepts are in progress. In this study, the existing alternatives of ballast water are reviewed and a new design concept is studied on the basis of the existing bulk carrier hull form. To develop a new design alternative which has minimal ballast for ballast water discharge free operation, the new concept should have technical feasibilities that are related to the role of the ballast water, berth access, loading constraints, etc. For this purpose, a simplified systems engineering basis design approach is adopted using a business model as the system analysis and control tool. To check the performance feasibility of the new concept, ship resistance performance is reviewed based on a model scale ship resistance performance analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2016

The International Maritime Organization(IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004 to prevent the transfer of aquatic organisms via ballast water. Forty ballast water treatment systems were granted final approval. A variety of techniques have been developed for ballast water treatment including UV treatment, indirect or direct electrolysis, ozone treatment, chemical compounds and plasma-arc method. In particular, using plasma and ozone nano-bubble treatments have been attracted in the fields. However, these treatment systems have a problem such as remained toxic substance, demand for high power source, low efficiency, ets. In this paper, we present our strilization results obtained from membrane type electrolytic-reduction treatment system The core of an electrolysis unit is an electrochemical cell, which is filled with pure water and has two electrodes connected with an external power supply. At a certain voltage, which is called critical voltage, between both electrodes, the electrodes start to produce hydrogen gas at the negatively biased electrode and oxygen gas at the positively biased electrode. The amount of gases produced per unit time is directly related to the current that passes through the electrochemical cell. From the results, we could confirm the sterilization effect of bacteria such as S. aureus, E. Coli and demonstrate the mechanism of sterilization phenomena by electrolytic-reduction treatment system.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.217-224
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• 2015

In this paper, I describe a system for remote monitoring of devices Android-based sensor data recorded during the operation of the ballast water treatment system. The proposed remote monitoring system is Designed and implemented when a problem occurs in the ballast water treatment system installed in the vessel, provide information if you are unable to determine the cause in the field or engineer dispatch request of external. System developed is composed of a server holding the sensor data information collected from the vessel and a mobile device that is not bound to time and place. The transmission of sensor data between mobile devices and server, and is implemented by TCP/IP to transmit information securely. System is composed of request to the server from the mobile device after the user inputs the input values, to transmit the sensor data. The device provides the information of the sensor with a high level of importance to the user. Through the remote monitoring sensor information of the ballast water treatment system, the system is made to predict the failure of the sensor.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1602-1613
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• 2016

Since Ballast Water Management Convention has been adopted, Ballast Water Management Convention is not effected yet. This convention will only enter into force 12 months after its ratification by 30 states, collectively representing 35% of world merchant shipping tonnnage. Morocco, Indonesia and Ghana have ratified this convention during last 29th IMO Assembly meeting which was held in November 2015. In 2016, Belgium, Fiji, Saint Lucia and Peru have become the latest countries to ratify the convention. As of now, 51 states and 34.87% combined merchant fleets are being calculated. BWM convention will be applied to not only new ships but also, existing ships after it is effected. Thus, existing vessel will be retrofitted a Ballast Water Treatment System according to D-2 Requirement until first IOPP nenewal survey after date of entry into force of the convention. Currently, about 65 BWTSs certified by Administration will be reported to IMO, even type of BWTSs is very various. Thus, a risk of each BWTS can be existed, and this existed risk can be also effected to ship's crew safety and protection of ship's own property. Therefore, we have evaluated a risk assessment for an existing vessel retrofitting an ultra violet type Ballast Water Treatment System which is mostly developed in the world. And we described the procedure of selecting a sample vessel, consequently, bulk carrier is selected because this vessel kind is mostly charged in the world. Especially, DWT 175K size is selected. Risk Assessment is using a HAZID and HAZOP method, evaluation method is referred to IMO Document "Considerated test of the Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for use in the IMO rule-marking process(MSC/Circ.1203-MEPC/Circ.392)". The Risk Assessment Section is decided to 3 Nodes, Consequently, total risks have evaluated 51 items.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004 to prevent the transfer of aquatic organisms via ballast water. Thirty-four ballast water treatment systems were granted IMO active substance basic approval, among which twenty systems were granted final approval. This paper is an in-depth consideration of the mechanism principles of the treatment systems that received active substance basic or final approval from IMO, and on the concentration of Total Residual Oxidant (TRO). The TRO maximum allowable discharge concentration was reduced by neutralization equipment, resulting with a concentration lower than 0.2 ppm. However, between various treatment systems TRO maximum allowable dosage showed large differences, ranging from 1 to 15 ppm. The discrepancies of treatment allowable dosage concentration between different treatment systems are largely due to the properties of species and water conditions such as the temperature and turbidity, rather than the characteristics of treatment systems and the type or presence of filters etc.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2014

In order to prevent the spread of non-indigenous aquatic species through the ballast water in commercial ships, International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted in 2004 the International Convention for Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments. The Convention mandates treatment of ballast water for most transoceanic voyages and its confirmation of treatment is made with plankton live/dead assay. Fluorescein diacetate assay (FDA), which produces bright green light for live phytoplankton, has been a de facto standard method to determine the survival of marine plankton, but its staining efficacy has been in dispute. In the present study, we examined the limitation of FDA, and compared its efficacy with Neutral red (NR) staining, another promising assay and widely used especially for zooplankton mortality. For all phytoplankton species studied in the present study, except Ditylum brightwellii, the staining efficiency was <50% with FDA. The green FDA fluorescence interfered with phytoplankton autofluorescence in most samples. In contrast, NR assay stained over 90% of both phytoplankton and zooplankton species tested in this study. FDA assay also showed that green FDA fluorescence rapidly faded when phytoplankton cells were exposed to microscope light. Both FDA and NR assay were negative on formalin-killed individuals of both phytoplankton and zooplankton species. Our results suggest that NR assay is more effective for determining the survival of marine plankton and can be applied to test the efficacy of ballast water treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.214-220
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• 2008

The Ballast Water Management Convention provides that ballast water treatment systems which make use of active substances shall be approved from IMO according to the procedure developed by the IMO. The Convention described that active substance means a substance or organism, including a virus or a fungus, that has a general or specific action on or against harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. The Marine Environment Protection Committee of IMO gave basic approval to 13 ballast water management systems and final approval to 4 systems until October 2008. This paper considered the matter of procedure and documents of the basic and final approval based on the "Procedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)" and "The Methodology for information gathering and the conduct of work of the GESAMP-BWWG" and summarized the specifications of the treatment systems which was granted the basic or final approval from IMO and raised several points.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2012

For smooth implementation of the IMO Ballast Water Management Convention that is to come into effect in the near future, IMO and Member States are working on the development of various technologies and establishment of legislative action. Ballast water treatment systems are essential, yet difficult technologies, as they need not only to treat living organisms, but also define whether they are viable or not, count the number of viable organisms, and present quantitative results of the concentration of active substances. Despite the fact that the Convention is looming in the near future, the issues mentioned above obstruct the setup of consensual technologies for performance reliability of the treatment system and analysis method of efficacy test results. This paper considers the unsolved issues of the ballast water treatment technologies, and presents guidelines to solve these issues.