• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 2013

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to develop a general purpose baler system that is appropriate for the domestic forage cultivation environment and operated by the medium size tractor for production of bale silage made of green forage crops, and to test its performance. Methods: In a first experiment, the time of formation per one bale and densities of bales that are produced from bale system, were measured. In a second experiment, power requirement was measured by a power measurement system manufactured during bale system work. Results: The power measurement system was constructed with strain-gage sensors to measure torque of a PTO axle and proximity sensor to measure rotating speed of a PTO axle. Thus, the power requirement was calculated by PTO torque and PTO rotating speed. For evaluation of bale quality, the samples of bales were analyzed for contents of moisture, ADF, NDF and TDN. Conclusions: If the results of this study will be utilized, the coefficient of utilization of agricultural machinery will be increased by the operation of a medium size tractor that is a major disseminated tractor in farm, and it will contribute tremendously to make a forage production base for livestock farms.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2002

In order to make a winter cereal wrap silage, a tractor attached round bale wrapper was developed locally. Its specific structure and various functions were reported in the last submitted paper. In this study a control system of bale wrapper combining with the actuators of various processes was developed to make round bale wrapper compatible in the field. Also. its performance was tested by making the rye round bale. The results can be summarized as fellow. 1. The field capacity of round bale wrapping was investigated around 0.5 ha/hr, and the operating time of bale wrapper was about 3 min for each 500kg round bale 2. Plastic film which has maximum elongation rate of 796% was stretched to 150∼170% of original length and was lessened to 80∼90% of original width. 3. In the quality test of bale produced by developed bale wrapper, there was no significant changes of moisture contents if it was wrapped more than 4 layers of 25 ㎛-plastic film. 4. Also. temperature of the wrapped bale was about 33$\^{C}$ in the beginning of fermentation and was stabled to 26∼29$\^{C}$ during one month or more storage. Therefore, wrapping performance of the developed bale wrapper was properly.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

One of the major obstructing factors against managing dairy farm in Korea has been a shortage of roughage supply, which resulted in excessive abuse of concentrate feed. In order to solve this problem, production of the wrap silage by the winter cereal forages raised in the fallow paddy field is strongly recommended in Korea. The main objective is to develop a tractor attached round bale wrapper which can process the silage by wrapping the round bales with thin plastic films. This is the first half of the study which is divided by two parts. In this first part, bale wrapping process was analyzed, and based on this results the followings were designed, developed and tested. 1. Bale wrapper which haying the maximum capacity of 1 ton bale with various functions such as loading, wrapping, discharging the round bales and supplying and cutting wrap films was designed. 2. An actuator and its hydraulic circuit of each process were developed and tested. 3. Also, the variations of hydraulic pressure and engine speed were investigated by operating bale wrapper developed. In this test, maximum pressure of the hydraulic circuit for the bale wrapping was 130 kg/㎠ when it raised the bale, which was quite below the relief pressure of 170 kg/㎠ of hydraulic circuit. In the engine speed test, speed drop was 20∼67 rpm, which meant that there was no over-load operation. Therefore, the experiment proved that developed hydraulic circuit and mechanism is stable in bale wrapping operation

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

Currently, there was no producing system of TMR for pig feeding in Korea. In this study, we examined unrolling, cutting, and softening for the round bale silage. We designed and developed the prototype system of round bale silage for pig feeding. Unroll method were lower chain conveying and upper belt conveying which includes an hydraulic vertical fodder knife. Gathering and cutting method were rotating auger and flywheel which have 10 cutters, input roller of 280 rpm, and cutter rotating speed of 1,750 rpm. Softening device was rotating hammer in inclined cylinder adjustable to $25^{\circ}C$ and rotating speed up to 1,300 rpm. The prototype system was integrated working for unrolling, cutting, and softening. We found that when the round bale silage in unrolling apparatus cut length of 20 cm to input cutting apparatus, the cutting performance was well in continuous working up to input rate of 1,000 kg/h, the softening apparatus was working well.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.228-233
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• 2009

In order to cut the round bale easily, a roughage cut-feeder for the round bale was developed in this study. This study consists of two parts. One is development of a cutting mechanism and a performance test reported in the previous paper. This is the second part of the study. For the study, recent trend of traditional cutting system was analyzed. Also, cost of the prototype cut-feeder was analyzed and determine the break-even point of farm size was determined by comparing with traditional method using a traditional cutter. A prototype cut-feeder was investigated with the fact that working performance, fiber length and shape of roughage and feeding quality was good. Operating cost of the prototype cut-feeder decreased rapidly with an increase of farm size. Break-even point in terms of farm size was 36 heads for beef and 28 heads for dairy. Also, costs estimated were 118,000 won/head year and 148,000 won/head year, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

This study developed the cyclone conveying system using roughage cutter for the round bale reported in the previous papers. Performance tests were conducted whether it can easily separate dust from roughage such as rice straws and it can transport roughages from cutter to TMR mixer. In addition, the airflow patterns in the cyclone conveying system were investigated using CFD code (FLUENT 6.2) for various velocities of dust collection fan. The cyclone conveying system was designed based on dried rice straws with a diameter of 1,340 mm, a cylinder length of 1,220 mm, a cone length of 850 mm and the current velocity of the dust collection fan was 15~20 m/s. It was found that transporting of roughage from cutter to TMR mixer and the separation of dust were satisfactory, and the dust removal rate of rice straws was around 31.9%. CFD analysis showed that, at the blowing fan velocity of 11.6 m/s, the airflow velocity inside the dust collector increased as velocity of the dust collection fan increased, but the airflow patterns inside the dust collector were all much the same.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

The round bale wrappers are generally used for rice straw after the harvesting of low land rice by combine harvester. In this situation, the bale wrappers should be well adapted under the travelling over raised borders and temporary ditches in soft soil of narrow rice fields. The study was conducted to improve the performance of bale wrapper through the new design for compact size, lowered gravity center and lowered power consumption. The prototype of round bale wrapper had been designed and assembled to tractor with three point hitch mounted. The machine type is one roll driving system with one roll for rotating and one roll for wrapping. The driving torque and work performance of the machines were measured and analysed. The torque requirement of the prototype and conventional type was 6kgf-m and 12kgf-m, respectively. The prototype shaved less friction resistance between bale driving roll and round bale. and the power requirement can also be reduced from 12kgf-m in the conventional to 6kgf-m in the prototype. The work efficiency of the new bale wrapper was $45\%$ higher than the conventional wrapper, and the working cost of the prototype can be reduced $17\%$ than that of the conventional.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a fermented TMR producing system which could a continuous operation of baling and wrapping the mixed TMR. The baling part has fixed chamber of dia. 900 mm and width 900 mm. And the the turn-table type wrapping part is very compact compared to conventional one in market. The test result were: The absorbed power of the prototype in working was 9.0~15.7 kW. The combined baling and wrapping performance was over 20 bales/hr. The leakage in the process was around 1.9 kg for making a 350 kg TMR bale. The diameter of wrapped TMR bale was 900~950 mm, and its weight was 350 kg in average. Therefore the density was $718kg/m^3$, and it was very high density to the inputted TMR. The pH of the fermented TMR was 5.0~5.6 which was similar to the fermented haylage, also the TMR had no butyric acid's odor.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.53-57
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• 2000

In the present paper, a current technical progress for recycling of used steel can is described. The developed technology was a kind of pre-treatment through an automatic equipment system to increase recycling and melting efficiency of used steel co. The process consisted of several unit processes such as breaking of steel can bale, removing dust, separation of aluminum can, delacquering, and compressing to bale. Also, aluminum powders were recovered as a by-product at the delacquering step. The process was carried out automatically through by use of the developed equipment system. The automatic system could be very available in mass treatment of used steel can.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2016

Purpose: To improve the insufficient mechanized forage harvesting system, an integrated forage harvester that produces midsize round bales was developed. Methods: The harvesting performance of the developed harvester was tested in a forage plantation. The harvesting performance was evaluated by investigating the bale production performance and residue ratios of the harvester at three levels of tractor driving speeds. Results: The bales outputs per hour by driving speed shown by the harvester were 30 bales (6.8 MT) at 2.3 km/h, 36 bales (8.4 MT) at 3.2 km/h, and 44 bales (10.5 MT) at 5.1 km/h in the case of rye-straw. In the case of rice-straw, they were 43 bales (8.8 MT) at 4.3 km/h, 44 bales (9.7 MT) at 5.0 km/h, and 48 bales (10.7 MT) at 6.2 km/h. In the case of Italian ryegrass (IRG), they were 35 bales (10.7 MT) at 7.0 km/h, 37 bales (12.0 MT) at 8.3 km/h, and 38 bales (13.2 MT) at 9.5 km/h. The average ratios of residues to the available quantities were 2.61% in the case of rye-straw, 1.89% in the case of rice-straw, and 1.57% in the case of IRG. When residues smaller than 200 mm, which cannot be collected, were excluded, the residue ratios of all crops were good, as they did not exceed 1.0%. Conclusions: Since the baling and wrapping functions, which had been separately operated, were integrated into the developed harvester, the developed harvester is expected to maximize bale production efficiency and increase labor productivity, thereby increasing farming profitability.