• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2008

프랑킨센스는 감람나무 종에서 얻어지는 gum resin으로, 성분은 5-9% 방향정 에센셜 오일, 알코올-용해성인 65-85% resin과 수용성인 gum 잔여물로 구성된 복합물이다. 프랑킨센스의 알코올 용해성인 resin 성분들의 항염증 작용은 잘 알려져 있으나, 방향성 에센셜 오일 성분이 알러지성 천식에 작용을 하는지의 여부는 보고되지 않았다. 실험은 프랑킨센스 에센설 오일(BSEO)이 ovalbumin(OVA)으로 유발된 알러지성 천식 생쥐 모델에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. BALB/c 생쥐는 OVA로 복강감작 후 OVA 기도 투여로 면역반응을 유발시켰다. 실험그룹은 0.3% BSEO를 8주간 흡입시켰다. OVA로 감작, 유발시킨 BALB/c 생쥐에서 기도내 호산구 침윤증가, 점액분비 증가와 기도과민성이 나타났다. 이에 비하여, BSEO 처치군에서 BALF내 호산구수, 술잔세포의 과증식, 기도과민성이 감소되었다. BALF내 사이토카인 분석 결과, BSEO는 Th1 사이토카인인 IFN-$\gamma$를 증가시켰으며 Th2 사이토카인인 IL-4, IL-5와 IL-13을 감소시켰다. 또한, OVA-specific IgE와 eoxtain 분비를 억제시켰다. BSEO 흡입 군에서 종격동 림프절의 $CD4^+$, $CD3^+/CCR3^+$, 및 $B220^+/CD23^+$ 세포들 또한 감소되었다. 이상의 결과에서 BSEO는 Th1/Th2 관여 면역조절인자로 판단되며, BSEO 흡입으로 간단하고 경제적인 방법으로 알러지성 기도 염증 치료가 가능할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 1993

The therapeutic effectiveness of adenine arabinoside(tora-A) and its conjugate of prednisone(BR-8702-AP) was compared in Herpes simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) infected BALB/C mice. The BALB/C mouse was infected with HSV-1(700 PFU/mouse) intranasally. Among mice infected intranasally with virus, a mortality rate of 100% was observed. On the oral administration of non-toxic doses of ara-A or BR-8702-AP(125 mg /kg/day) for 5 consecutive days 2 hours after virus infection, the tora-A was highly effective in reducing mortality to 0% (P<0.001) and BR-8702-AP was also effective in reducing mortality to 15% (P<0.01). In this model infection, the virus was first replicated in the lung and transmitted to the brain. Both arts-A and BR-8702-AP did not inhibit the viral replication in the lung, but they inhibited the viral transmission to the brain. However, the BR-8702-AP was less effective than the aria-A to prevent transmission of virus to brain. Therefore, the reduced mortality due to tora-A or BR-8702-AP therapy was associated with inhibition of viral transmission to brain.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Kami Kwiryong Tang (KKT) on the immune cells in BALB/c mice. KKT (500mg/kg) was administerd p.o. once a day for 7 days. KKT decreased the proliferation of thymocytes, but did not affect the proliferation of splenocytes. KKT enhanced the subpopulation of Th (CD4+CD8- single positive cells) cells in splenic T-lymphocytes, but decreased the subpopulation of Th cells in thymocytes. KKT enhanced the production of ${\gamma}$-interferon and interleukin-2, but did not affect the production of interleukin-4 in mice serum. KKT did not affect the production of nitric oxide, but enhanced the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that KKT is a potent prescription on immune response via the production of cytokines from splenic Th1 cells and the increase of phagocytic activity in vivo.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Lycium chinense Miller fruit and its representative constituent betaine on reduction of immobility time and blood parameters in balb/c mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the immobility time and the changes in aspects of blood biochemical parameters by the administration of L. chinense Miller fruit and its representative constituent betaine, after the forced swimming test. The immobility time was significantly reduced about 41.3% and 53.6%, respectively, in the animal of L. chinense Miller fruit and its representative constituent betaine-administrated group for 7 days, in comparison with that of the control group. The level of blood urea nitrogen was significantly decreased in L. chinense Miller fruit and its representative constituent betaine-treated group compared with the control group (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the interlukin-2 levels of mice in L. chinense Miller fruit and betaine treated group was increased compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that L. chinense Miller fruit and betaine might be helpful in the immune function improvement, enhance physical stamina, and fatigue recovery.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2003

The use of skin whitening agents has been recently increased in various kinds of cosmetic products, although there were some reports that whitening agents might cause allergic contact dermatitis. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pigs for contact sensitization potential. This study was carried out to investigate the skin sensitization potential of three whitening agents, arbutin, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, by LLNA using a non-radiois-topic endpoint. Female Balb/c mice were exposed topically to a weak allergen, $\alpha$-hexylcinnamalde-hyde (HCA), and three whitening agents following LLNA protocol. Lymph node (LN) weight and cell proliferation in ears and auricular lymph node using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry were evaluated. LN weights were significantly increased at the HCA group compared to the vehicle control. A weak allergen, HCA elicited 3-fold or greater increase in cell proliferation of lymph nodes as well as increase in cell proliferation of ear as measured by BrdU immunohistochemistry. However, in the case of skin whitening agent groups, there were no significant changes in LN weight and cell proliferation in the ear and lymph node of mice treated with 5, 10 and 20% of three whitening agents compared to the vehicle control. These results show that these three skin whitening agents may not have contact sensitization potentials at tested concentrations in Balb/c mice by LLNA.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.612-616
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• 2006

The protective effect of water extract of ash tree leaves (ALE) against oxidative damages was investigated in paracetamol-induced BALB/c mice. Biochemical analysis of anti-oxidative enzymes, immunoblot analyses of hepatic cytochrome P450 2El (CYP2E1), and the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$) were examined to determine the extract's protective effect and its possible mechanisms. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: normal, paracetamol-administered, and ALE-pretreated groups. A single dose of paracetamol led to a marked increase in lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA). This was associated with a significant reduction in the hepatic antioxidant system, e.g., glutathione (GSH). Paracetamol administration also significantly elevated the expression of CYP2E1, according to immunoblot analysis, and of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in liver. However, ALE pretreatment prior to the administration of paracetamol significantly decreased hepatic MDA levels. ALE restored hepatic glutathione and catalase levels and suppressed the expression of CYP2E1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ observed in inflammatory tissues. Moreover, ALE restored mitochondrial ATP content depleted by the drug administration. These results show that the extract of ash tree leaves protects against paracetamol-induced oxidative damages by blocking oxidative stress and CYP2E1-mediated paracetamol bioactivation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2010

The anti-tumorigenic effects of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) antigens were studied in a murine sarcoma-180 tumor model. To determine the anti-tumor effects, the reduction in tumor size and expression of CD31 (an angiogenesis marker in the tumor tissue) were examined after injection of BALB/c mice with T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) or formalin-fixed, proliferation-inhibited, T. gondii tachyzoites. Tumors were successfully produced by an intradermal injection of sarcoma-180 cells with plain Matrigel in the mid-backs of mice. After injection with TLA or formalin-fixed T. gondii tachyzoites, the increase in tumor size and weight nearly stopped while tumor growth continued in control mice that were injected with PBS. CD31 expression in TLA-treated or formalin-fixed T. gondii-injected mice was lower than the control mice. Accordingly, the present study shows that the treatment of mice with formalin-fixed T. gondii or TLA in the murine sarcoma-180 tumor model results in a decrease of both tumor size and CD31 expression.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2016

PLZF-expressing invariant natural killer T cells and CD4 T cells are unique subsets of innate T cells. Both are selected via thymocyte-thymocyte interaction, and they contribute to the generation of activated/memory-like CD4 and CD8 T cells in the thymus via the production of IL-4. Here, we investigated whether $PLZF^+$ innate T cells also affect the development and function of $Foxp3^+$ regulatory CD4 T cells. Flow cytometry analysis of the thymus and spleen from both CIITA transgenic C57BL/6 and wild-type BALB/c mice, which have abundant $PLZF^+$ CD4 T cells and invariant natural killer T cells, respectively, revealed that $Foxp3^+$ T cells in these mice exhibited a $CD103^+$ activated/memorylike phenotype. The frequency of $CD103^+$ regulatory T cells was considerably decreased in $PLZF^+$ cell-deficient $CIITA^{Tg}Plzf^{lu/lu}$ and $BALB/c.CD1d^{-/-}$ mice as well as in an IL-4-deficient background, such as in $CIITA^{Tg}IL-4^{-/-}$ and $BALB/c.IL-4^{-/-}$ mice, indicating that the acquisition of an activated/ memory-like phenotype was dependent on $PLZF^+$ innate T cells and IL-4. Using fetal thymic organ culture, we further demonstrated that IL-4 in concert with TGF-${\beta}$ enhanced the acquisition of the activated/memory-like phenotype of regulatory T cells. In functional aspects, the activated/ memory-like phenotype of Treg cells was directly related to their suppressive function; regulatory T cells of $CIITA^{Tg}PIV^{-/-}$ mice more efficiently suppressed ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation compared with their counterparts from wild-type mice. All of these findings suggest that $PLZF^+$ innate T cells also augmented the generation of activated/memory-like regulation via IL-4 production.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Numerous physiological effects are attributed to conjugated linoleic acid(CLA). The purpose of this study is to consider these effects with respect to the cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer. Both isomers are natural products. The c9,t11-CLA isomer is the principal dietary form of CLA, but the concentrations of this isomer and the t10,c12-CLA Isomer in dairy products or beef vary depending on the diet fed to cows or steers, respectively. The influence of dietary CLA isomers on the immune response was examined, body weight and weight ratio of organ to body of Balb/C mice. Mice were divided into four groups of 8 mice. Balb/C mice were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 1% CLA (c9,t11-CLA isomer : t10,c12-CLA isomer = 2:3) (Group 1), 1% CLA (c9,t11-CLA isomer t10,c12-CLA isomer : 1:1) (Group 2), 1% safflower oil (Group 3) or nothing (Control) for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, serum, gut lumen lavage, fat, liver, spleen and thymus were taken. Measurement of total immunoglobulin were executed using sandwich ELISA. Serum levels of IgA and IgM showed that group fed with t10,c12-CLA isomer significantly were higher than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. In addition serum level of IgG showed that group fed with t10,c9-CLA isomer significantly were lower than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. However, no significantly differences were observed in the serum IgE and secretory IgA. Weight ratio of spleen to body showed no significant differences. In weight ratio of liver and thymus to body, tl0,c9-CLA isomer significantly were respectively higher than group fed with c9,t11-CLA isomer. In weight ratio of fat to body, tl0,c9-CLA isomer significantly were respectively lower than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. In conclusion, t10,c12-CLA isomer produced a situation favorable for immunopotentiative effect and body composition. But it should be protected against hepatomegaly induced lipid accumulation in liver.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 1994

수은($HgCl_2$)이 마우스의 면역계에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 Balb/c 마우스를 대상으로 시험관내 및 생체내 단계적 시험을 실시하였다. Lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen 및 phytohemagglutinin 등의 미토겐(mitogen)에 대한 비장세포의 반응성은수은농도에 의존적으로 억제되었다. 수은에 의한 비장세포의 증식반응억제는 배양기간 중 수은 노출시기에 관계 없었으며 수은 전처치에 의해서도 그 증식반응은 억제되었다. 그러나 수은은 pokeweed mitogen으로 유도한 비장세포의 항체생산은 항진시켰다. 실험동물을 음용에 의하여 수은에 3주간 노출시켰을 때 투여기간 중 체중의 증가는 현저히 둔화되었으나, 흉선 및 비장의 무게, 신장, 골수, 비장 및 슬와 림프절의 병리학적 변화는 유발되지 않았다. 그러나 혈청 면역 글로불린(immunoglobulin) 농도는 현저히 증가되었다. 증가된 혈청 $IgG_1$및 IgE농도는interleukin-4 (IL-4)에 대한 항체투여로 현저히 감소되었다. 수은투여 마우스의 면양적혈구(SRBC)에 대한 항체반응을 측정한 결과 면양적혈구에 대한 총응집소가에는 대조군의 그것과 차이가 없었으나 혈청 IgM 및 IgG농도는 오히려 대조군의 그것보다 현저히 높았다. 이상의 성적들은 수은의 면역계에 대한 독작용은 그 측정방법에 따라 다를 수 있으며, 수은노출에 따른 림프조직의 병변이 발생하기 전에 면역계의 기능적 변화가 일어나고, 수은에 의한 혈청 면역 글로불린 농도의 증가는 특정항원에 대한 항체반응과는 무관할 수 있는 등 수은이 면역반응에 이상을 초래함을 시사한다.