• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2011

This study assessed the current EAR, RDA, and AMDR for protein, which were set in 2005 and revised in 2010 as the DRIs for Koreans. A classical approach to establish the EAR for protein has been the nitrogen balance method. This method has practical limitations and problems in statistical analysis by giving over estimations of nitrogen balance. Thus, the present EAR for protein might be lower than the true requirement. Recent reevaluations of nitrogen balance studies by bilinear regression analysis and the IAAO method have indicated that the EAR of 0.66 g/kg bw/d should be increased by 39% to give 0.92 g/kg bw/d. The AMDR for protein in the Korean DRIs was set at 7-10%, which covers almost the entire population's protein intake. Since the 5th percentile of Korean protein intake is close to 10% of energy and due to the beneficial effects of protein beyond the maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium, the lower range of 7% needs to be increased up to 10%. For practical meal arrangement, 15% of energy as protein, which is close to the average protein intake of Koreans, seems to be proper, although the value is almost two times the EAR.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.884-890
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• 2015

This study observed the effects of ankle strengthening exercise and whole body vibration on the balance ability of older adults, thereby intending to provide basic materials for intervention methods aimed at improving older adults' balance ability. The subjects were 20 older adults who had experienced a fall. They were equally divided into two groups. Ankle strengthening training was applied to one group and ankle strengthening training and whole body vibration were applied to the other group, a timed up and go (TUG) test and Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment (POMA) were performed, and changes in the subjects' limits of stability were observed. The TUG and POMA results significantly differed between before and after the experiment in the angle strengthening training (AST) group and the angle strengthening training with whole body vibration (ASTWV) group. In addition, the interaction between timing and each group was statistically significant. The limits of stability significantly changed after the intervention in both groups. Differences in the posterior and right limits of stability were significant between the AST group and ASTWV group. Therefore, ankle strengthening exercise and whole body vibration improve older adults' balance maintenance and reduce falls or the risk factors for falls in older adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.788-805
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate effects of examination-stress and protein supplementation on nitrogen metabolism and blood protein levels of Korean college students. Experiment was conducted at the beginning of a academic term and during midterm examination. During midterm examination, subjects were classified into two groups randomly : protein supplemental group(male n=6, female n=10) and placebo group(male n=4, female n=9). Protein capsules(2g/day) above 10% of indispensible amino acids requirement estimates were given to supplemental group for 10 days. At the begining of the term, male students(n=12) ingested 223.15mgN/kg/d, excreted 20.7mgN/kg/d in feces, and excreted 94.31mgN/kg/d in urine. Their apparent protein protein digestibility was 90.72%, true N balance was +100.11mgN/kg/d, and the mean maintenance N requirement of mixed Korena diet calculated was 112.13mgN/kg/d. Female students(n=19) ingested 171.44mgN/kg/d, excreted 22.13mgN/kg/d in feces, and excreted 122.92mgN/kg/d in urine. Their apparent protein digestibility was 86.76%, true N blance was + 18.39mgN/kg/d, and the mean maintenance N requirement calculated was 135.31mgN/kg/d. Blood levels of serum total protein, albumin, and BUN were within normal range. During midterm examination, fecal and urinary N excretions of female subjects(n=19) were increased, especially urea N markedly, and urea N/creatinine N ratio was augumented significantly. Apparent protein digestibility of male subjects(n=10) was decreased. Examination-stress showed 8.05mgN/kg/d (7.2%) increase of mean maintenance N requirement in male and 8.55mgN/kg/d(6.3%) increase in female students in comparison with that of the beginning of the term. Serum total protein and albumin levels showed no significant change, but serum transferrin level of female were decreased significantly. During midterm examination, females supplemented with protein capsules(2g/d)had no significant increase in fecal and urinary N excretions.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of verifying the effectiveness of the duocock exercise, which is being utilized at the newly developed site to promote balance maintenance, basic physical strength and muscle strength among various age groups, in order to prevent fall and successfully age. Method: In this study, we conducted the duocock Exercise Program for 12 weeks (twice a week for an hour) for 10 senior citizens aged 65 or older (68.8±4.76 yrs, height: 15±6.00 cm) using Western-based health institutions in Daejeon, and compared the pre- and post- effects on basic physical strength and posture balance. All the data obtained from this study were used in statistical program SPSS 24 to perform paired t-test. The significance level for all statistical analyses was set at the level of p<0.05. Results: The 12 week duocock program showed statistically significant improvements in lower extremity muscle strength, equilibrium, agility, balance, and coordination in the basic fitness factors underlying successful aging (p<0.05). In addition, the trunk imbalance, which acts as a factor of falls and body balance, was statistically significant (p<0.05) and the posture balance of the sagittal plane also showed the effect of proper body adjustment. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, duocock provides a new exercise program in the form of a sustainable sport as a two-handed exercise, and is very effective for the elderly to improve their basic physical strength as well as to control postural imbalances, strengthen and increase muscle strength.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.667-673
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• 2009

Ninety six intact male sheep (12 months old with mean live weight of about 35 kg) were used to assess the effects of restricted feeding on intake, digestion, nitrogen balance and metabolizable energy (ME). The animals were selected from two known Iranian small and large body size breeds: 48 Sangsari (S) and 48 Afshari (A), and were divided into two equal groups: restricted (R) and a control (C). Each group had 48 sheep (24 each breed). The experiment had a duration of 15 and 75 days adaptation and treatment periods, respectively. The animals were individually placed in metabolism cages and fed a diet based on pelleted concentrate mixture consisting of alfalfa, barley grain, cottonseed meal and barley straw. The animals in group C were fed ad libitum, while animals in group R were fed at maintenance level and maintained a relatively constant live weight. During the experiment, the average daily weight gain (ADG) of S and A animals in R group was 0.34 and -0.25 g/d (0.02 and -0.02 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$), respectively. While that of S and A animals in C group was 174.4 and 194.4 g/d (10.16 and 11.48 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$), respectively. Nitrogen (N) was determined by both measured and regression methods. Animals of R group stayed at about zero N balance (0.01 and -0.00 g $N/kg^{0.75}/d$ for S and A animals, respectively). The N retention of animals of both S and A breeds in C group were similar (0.45 and 0.46 g $N/kg^{0.75}/d$, respectively). Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) were measured by both constant weight technique and regression method by regressing N balance on DOMI and ME intake on ADG. The measured DOMI during constant weight was 24.61 and 24.27 g $DOMI/kg^{0.75}/d$ and the calculated DOMI from regression equation was 24.24 and 24.22 g $DOMI/kg^{0.75}/d$, for S and A animals, respectively. The measured MEm was 402 and 401 kJ $ME/kg^{0.75}/d$ and the calculated MEm from regression analysis was 398 and 400 kJ $ME/kg^{0.75}/d$ for S and A breeds, respectively. There were no significant differences between both measured and regression techniques. There was no significant difference between S and A breeds for DOMI, N retention, MEm, digestibility and metabolizability values. Digestibility values for OM, GE and CP and metabolizability were significantly (p<0.05) higher in restricted feeding sheep compared with that of sheep fed ad libitum.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess effects of task oriented programme on balance and upper extremity function in stroke patient. Methods : The subject is right hemiplegia with stroke and participated for 6 weeks. The design of study ABA designed of single subject research. The baseline phase consisted of 5 sessions. The intervention phase consisted of 15 sessions and performed task oriented training. The Maintenance phase consisted of 5 sessions. An assessment of upper extremity function was made using a Manual Function Test(MFT) and balance were assessed by the Time Up and Go test(TUG), Nintendo Wii Balance Board Test. Results : Dynamic balance improved from 51.53 to 42.62. At baseline, difference between left and right of the static balance was an average of 13.8, After treatment, the static balance difference was 6.29 and It was closer to zero than baseline, so static balance has been stable feature. Also, MFT point increased from 6 to 7.6. Conclusion : Task oriented programme can useful in balance and upper extremity function in stroke patient. Further studies need to generalize these findings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to explore how nurses manage the boundary for work-family balance. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews from February 1 to May 28, 2012. Participants were 13 married nurses with children. The constant comparative method was adapted for data analysis. Results: In this study, nurses' work-family boundary management had characteristics of integration, maintenance and control, but it was adjusted and modified over time as the order of priorities was rearranged according to changes in internal cognition and family support. Nurses strategically persuaded their families to understand their work and share housework in an effort to integrate work and family, while controlling them by managing working hours and time for themselves. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that nurses' work has an impact on family life due to heavy workload and insufficient time, however the work-family balance can be successfully maintained with the effective separation of the two areas.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.430-435
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• 2007

Even though we drink and excrete water without recognition, the amount and the composition of body fluid remain constant everyday. Maintenance of a normal osmolality is under the control of water balance which is regulated by vasopressin despite sodium concentration is the dominant determinant of plasma osmolality. The increased plasma osmolality (hypernatremia) can be normalized by the concentration of urine, which is the other way of gaining free water than drinking water, while the low plasma osmolality (hyponatremia) can be normalized by the dilution of urine which is the only regulated way of free water excretion. On the other hand, volume status depends on the control of sodium balance which is regulated mainly by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, through which volume depletion can be restored by enhancing sodium retention and concomitant water reabsorption. This review focuses on the urine concentration and dilution mechanism mediated by vasopressin and the associated disorders; diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2010

Special-shape arch bridge for self-balance (SBSSAB) in Zhongshan City is a kind of new fashioned spatial combined arch bridge composed of inclined steel arch ribs, curved steel box girder and inclined suspenders, and the mechanical behavior of the SBSSAB is particularly complicated. The SBSSAB is aesthetic in appearance, and design of the SBSSAB is artful and particular. In order to roundly investigate the mechanical behavior of the SBSSAB, 3-D finite element models for spatial member and shell were established to analyze the mechanical properties of the SBSSAB using ANSYS. Finite element analyses were conducted under several main loading cases, moreover deformation and strain values for control section of the SBSSAB under several main loading cases were proposed. To ensure the safety and rationality for optimal design of the SBSSAB and also to verify the reliability of its design and calculation theories, the 1/10 scale model tests were carried out. The measured results include the load checking calculation, lane loading and crowd load, and dead load. A good agreement is achieved between the experimental and analytical results. Both experimental and analytical results have shown that the SBSSAB is in the elastic state under the planned test loads, which indicates that the SBSSAB has an adequate load-capacity. The calibrated finite-element model that reflects the as-built conditions can be used as a baseline for health monitoring and future maintenance of the SBSSAB.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2010

Formic acid is a representative carboxylic acid that inhibits bacterial cell growth, and thus it is generally considered to constitute an obstacle to the reuse of renewable biomass. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to elucidate changes in protein levels in response to formic acid. Fifty-seven differentially expressed proteins in response to formic acid toxicity in S. cerevisiae were identified by 1D-PAGE and nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) analyses. Among the 28 proteins increased in expression, four were involved in the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway and one in the oxidative stress-induced pathway. A dramatic increase was observed in the number of ion transporters related to maintenance of acid-base balance. Regarding the 29 proteins decreased in expression, they were found to participate in transcription during cell division. Heat shock protein 70, glutathione reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. Taken together, the inhibitory action of formic acid on S. cerevisiae cells might disrupt the acidbase balance across the cell membrane and generate oxidative stress, leading to repressed cell division and death. S. cerevisiae also induced expression of ion transporters, which may be required to maintain the acid-base balance when yeast cells are exposed to high concentrations of formic acid in growth medium.