• Korean Business Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-59
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• 2009

The drive for sustainable economic growth for the sub Saharan African region continues to occupy a central place in the debate of how to move the region forward. For decades, governments, policy makers, Non Governmental Organizations and world bodies including the World Bank, IMF, ADB, USIAD and the European Union have engaged policies aimed at bringing solutions to the horrendous poverty crisis to nations of this region. Despite these noble actions and intents, poverty and underdevelopment has prevailed in countries of the region such as Cameroon. Cameroon is mainly an agricultural economy with its products facing declining prices and competition from synthetic substitutes resulting to deficits of balance of trades. This has resulted to borrowing and debt. At the same time, it is a country blessed with an abundance of tourist resources. From the literature review, tourism potency to economic growth is overwhelming. This research was motivated by the quest to find answers to questions such as; why development policies during the last two decades not succeeded in achieving Economic growth in countries of this region particularly Cameroon and why the country/ region still beleaguered by poverty and debt despite haven implemented various economic development plans. In recent years, the role of tourism has become increasingly recognized in its role of economic growth and poverty alleviation. This study attempts to unveil tourism's contribution to economic growth and to push for Tourism development as an al ternative economic growth alternative to Cameroon. Previous economic policies have ignored to tie economic growth within the country's socio-economic, geo-political and environmental circumstances. Findings from this work suggest that any sound economic policy can not afford to ignore the country's stock of both human and fiscal capital. Findings presented herewith validate Tourism as a feasible indigenous economic growth alternative that helps bringing employment, capital investment and protect the environmental ruin.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of the present study is to observe the neuroprotective effect of the $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ was made by mixing the herbs, mainly the root of Panax ginseng, the root of Rehmannia glutinosa and Poria cocos, the stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and Mel, and heating for 96 hours. Transient Focal cerebral ischemia (2 h of ischemia, 22 h of reperfusion) was induced by intraluminal suture method with SD rats. Sensory motor function was tested by rotarod test, prehensile traction test, beam balance test and foot fault test at 24 h after ischemia. The brain slices were stained by 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and the infarct volume was measured by graphic analyzer at 24 h after ischemia. Results : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ treated group did not show significant differences compared with vehicle treated group in body temperature. Oral administration of $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ reduced brain infarct volume by 29.7% compared with vehicle treated group. $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ also showed protective effects on sensory motor functional deficits. Conclusion : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ treatment reduced brain damage and improved functional deficits induced by MCAo. It showed neuroprotective effects even when treatment was relayed 2 h after injury. Further research is required to evaluating long term functional recovery am accurate therapeutic range and mechanisms.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.221-242
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• 2012

The rising value of software developers has made corporations, including IT companies, to focus on recruitment of software developers. However, the domestic software industry, where SMEs represents quite a large proportion of the industry, is facing problems of low rate of human resources and high rate of job turnover. These problems have not been solved until today. This study hypothesizes that software developer's job satisfaction has an effect on organizational engagement and intention to job transfer. The purpose of this study is to provide implications on desirable human resources management and work environment, that lowers intentions to job transfer by elevating job satisfaction of the software developers. The results of the study reveal that among job satisfaction factors, recognition, autonomy, work-life balance, work environment have significant effects on fob satisfaction. Also, the software developer's job satisfaction elevates organizational engagement and lowers intention to job transfer. In addition, job satisfaction is has partly has mediating effect between job satisfaction and intention to job transfer. Several practical implications are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.229-248
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to draw guidelines on how to select traditional games that would efficiently help and develop multiple intelligences in children. Guidelines standard of section inquiries were prepared through a Delphi survey targeting twenty experts in early childhood education and traditional games. As a result, linguistic intelligence questions regarding writing, listening, speaking and vocabulary acquisition were selected. logical-mathematical intelligence questions regarding strategy, counting, patterns, hypothesis, verification, and comparing, contrasting, calculating ability were selected. Spatial intelligence questions regarding drawing, coloring, representation activities, operating and creating were selected, physical performance intelligence questions regarding global muscles, eye-hand coordination, flexibility, accommodation force, balance, agility and muscular strength were selected. Musical intelligence included questions about singing, and playing musical instruments. Interpersonal intelligence included perspective-taking, role-sharing, cooperation and discussion. For intrapersonal intelligence questions regarding personal significance-ties, planning-decision making, emotional expression and problem solving were selected. Finally, in relation to naturalist intelligence, questions regarding living organisms, inanimate objects and seasons were selected. In addition, traditional games were analyzed based on the finalized guidelines, and the results showed that each of the traditional games would not only work with one intelligence at a time but with other different intelligence as well. In the light of that, the study confirmed the validity of the guidelines on how to select traditional games that would develop multiple intelligences in children.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.70-82
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• 2020

Recently, a lot of damages have been caused by urban flooding, and heavy rainfall that temporarily occur are the main causes of these phenomenons. The damages caused by urban flooding are identified as the change in the water balance in urban areas. To indirectly identify it, this research analyzed the change in the remote sensing indices on each land cover before and after heavy rainfall by utilizing daily precipitation data and multi-temporal Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Cases of heavy rain advisory and warning were selected based on the daily precipitation data. And statistical fluctuation were compared by acquiring Sentinel-2 satellite images during the corresponding period and producing them as NDVI, NDWI and NDMI images about each land cover with a radius of 1,000 m based on the Seoul Weather Station. As a result of analyzing the maximum value, minimum value, mean and fluctuation of the pixels that were calculated in each remote sensing index image, there was no significant changes in the remote sensing indices in urban areas before and after heavy rainfall.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.149-158
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• 2014

The rapidly changing 21st-century knowledge and information society is emphasizing converged education that crosses various academic fields. In particular, the society expected the cultivation of the talent who balance scientific creativity and artistic sensitivity by adding arts to the existing converged education revolving around science and technology. However, at present, most STEAM education has been actively conducted with a focus on science and technology, whereas the subject of arts has been regarded or utilized as a supplementary means. Its problem is that the educational characteristics and values of art education have not been effectively utilized in educational terms and this could lead to superficial integrated education. In this respect, this study had the knowledge of various fields, such as science, technology, and mathematics, utilized usefully during the process of experiencing and creating arts. Accordingly, this study designed an education programs as with the case of Nam-Jun Baek who expanded the dominion of arts by creatively utilizing his own time's scientific technologies. In this educational process, the target program was developed in a manner that enables EPL to be utilized essentially as the study's knowledge-based tool and medium. The results of applying this educational program in 5th-grade elementary school students showed that the program has positive effects on the creative attributes of the students.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.114-119
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• 2010

Fe compounds of volcanic rock samples distributed in the seaside area of Ulleung island were investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy. We found that samples were typical basic rock which had the total amount of iron compounds including hematite ($\alpha-Fe_2O_3$) varies from 10.6 w% to 14.5 w% depending on the different regions by XRF. The M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectra of the samples were consisted of one sextet due to hemitite and doublets due to $Fe^{3+}$ in various clay mineral and $Fe^{2+}$ in pyroxene $(Ca,Fe,Mg)_2(SiO_4)_2$, ilmenite ($FeTiO_3$) and olivine $(Mg,Fe)_2SiO_4$. The balance state of Fe ions of all samples was chiefly $Fe^{3+}$, so we could find that the volcanic rocks distributed in the seaside area of Ulleung island were made in inland.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2007

In order to investigate the ecological factors affecting milk intake frequency of adolescents, the questionnaire survey was conducted with 929 middle and high school students living in Chungnam urban area through October and November 2004. The subjects consumed milk 8.6$\pm$6.7 times per week, other beverages 4.4$\pm$4.1 times per week and drinking water 3.7$\pm$2.1 cups per day. Of the students 77.3% took balanced meals, 72.8% ate regularly and 36.2% ate adequate amount. About 61% had breakfast everyday and nearly a half students snacked once a day. Nutritional knowledge scores about milk was 7.2$\pm$1.7 and milk attitude scores was 28.1$\pm$6.5. The subjects spent daily 1.8$\pm$1.1, 1.9$\pm$1.1, and 1.0$\pm$0.5 hours for computer use, TV watching and exercise, respectively. Milk intake frequencies were positively correlated with excercise, snack frequency, meal balance and regularity, breakfast frequency, food attitude score and milk preference, while showed negative correlationships with TV watching and computer use. Intake frequency of fruit-tasted and chocolate milk showed inverse correlation with nutritional knowledge. Subjects without either school store or vending machine took milk more frequently than those with one or both did. Of the correlated variables, milk preference was the most important influencing factor to milk intake frequency according to the stepwise linear regression analysis, which presented other 5 important influencing factors as food attitude, school vending facilities, excercise, snacking frequency and watching TV. In conclusion, the improvement of milk preference is the most important and effective way to promote milk consumption in adolescents. The favorite ways of drinking milk, nutritional benefit of milk, healthy beverage and good snacking should be taught in nutrition education. Also physical activities should be recommended to students rather than watching TV, computer use and vending facilities selling soft drinks should be limited to be established inside school.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.315-325
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• 2014

This study is investigates decisive factors impacting business profits of regional medical centers by utilizing their environmental characteristics to provide useful basic data to seek for a method to establish financial soundness and profitability. The research objects are medical treatment record and management indicators of 31 regional medical centers for the past three years from 2010 through 2012. The method of analysis are ANOVA and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results revealed the debt and management ratio in the profit rate of total medical liabilities and net worth, current balance in the medical profit on medical revenue, and hospital bed turnover rate, emergency hospitalization rate, rate of labor cost, and rate of material cost in the business profits as the decisive factors. It is recommended to identify financial feedback and establish diversified management strategies through accurate management analysis to secure financial soundness and profitability in medical centers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.551-557
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• 2017

Hair beauty treatments that can express individuality have increased and diversified. However, their repetitive use has also brought about hair damage. To reduce such damage, the importance of hair treatments when receiving chemotherapy has magnified greatly. In this study, the hair (normal hair, NH) of 5 people in their 20s has been collected and observed with SEM before dyeing (NH), after dyeing (DH) and after dyed and treated (DTH) to measure the hair's morphological damage and mineral content. SEM observation results revealed that, in DTH, a cuticle-like arrangement appears almost uniformly, the hair settles, the lines are smooth, and the damage degree is low. Regarding mineral content, the concentration of minerals was generally balanced. However, in the observation of toxic minerals and minerals found in large amounts, the concentration of Ba, Na, Ca, and Mg was higher than the balance range in NH, DH, and DTH.