• 농촌계획
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

Existing agricultural reservoirs are considered as alternative source for the water welfare of rural area. In this study, domestic water supply potential of 476 reservoirs, which has storage capacity more than one million cubic meter, out of 3,377 agricultural reservoirs managed by Korean Rural Community Corporation (KRC) were investigated. Among them water quality of 136 reservoirs met the criteria of domestic water source which show less than COD 3 ppm. Available amount for domestic water of reservoirs, which meet the water quality, for ten year return period of drought was analyzed with reservoir water balance model. The results showed that 116 reservoirs has potential for supplementary domestic water supply while satisfying irrigation water supply. Finally, economic analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Profitability Index (PI) methods was also conducted. The analysis showed that 19 reservoirs satisfied economic feasibility when water is provided from reservoir outlet but only 9 reservoirs meet the economic feasibility if water delivered from a reservoir to treatment plant by newly built conveyance canal. In order to supply the domestic water through the agricultural reservoirs managed by KRC, it is necessary to flexibly interpret and operate the 'Rearrangement of Agricultural and Fishing village Act'. Also, it is reasonable to participate in the water service business when there is a supply request from other Ministries. In addition, the KRC requires further effort to change the crop system for saving water and improve efficiency of irrigation systems.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.170-183
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• 1995

1992년 11월부터 1993년 9월 사이 동해남서해역에서 조사한 인공위성 추적부 이, CTD, ADCP 자료를 이용하여 와류와 표층해류의 물리적 구조를 분석하였다. 부이의 이동궤적으로부터 울릉분지내에서 동한난류의 사행과 연구해역에서 다양한 크기의 시계방향과 반시계방향의 와류가 존재하는 것을 처음으로 직접 해류조사로 밝힐 수 있었다. 비교적 오래 지속되는 시계방향의 와류가 울릉분지내와 북부(일 본)분지의 남서쪽에서 관측된 반면에 반시계방향의 와류가 속초와 동해시 사이의 연안역에서 여름철에 관측되었다. 울릉분지의 와류는 적어도 관측기간 중에는 분지 내에 머물러 있었으며, 반시계방향의 와류는 냉수의 존재와 밀접한 관련이 있는 것 으로 나타났다. 북부분지의 시계방향 와류는 울릉분지의 것보다 크며 더 길쭉한 타원 형태를 지녔다. 울릉분지의 와류는 주축과 종축이 각각 120 km, 70 km이고, 회전주기는 13.6일, 평균회전속도는 24 cm/s, 평균 와동운동에너지는 392 $cm^{2}$/s$^{2}$ 이다. 북부분지의 와류는 주축과 종축이 각각 168 km, 86 km이고, 회전 주기는 14.9일, 평균회전속도는 29 cm/s, 평균 와동운동에너지는 629 $cm^{2}$/s/ sup 2/ 의 특성을 보였다. 와류의 평균이동속도는 두 경우 모두 약 3 cm/s이다. 울릉분지내에서 ADCP로 관측한 표층해류와 지형류의 상호일치는 울릉분지의 와류 가 지형평형을 이루고 있음을 시사한다. 관측된 와류는 해저지형에 강하게 지배 되어 있다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.524-552
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• 1998

Purgation therapy has played an important role as a influential remedy from the begining of the Chinese medicine. Especially purgation therapy is raised as the effective remedy on the acute infectious disease in the book of 'Treatise on Febrile Disease'. But It was inclined to cold-nature and available only in the excess syndrome. Nevertheless it is evident that the book has showed an example of this therapy. During the middle age, purgation therapy is classified into several subtype; hydrogogue therapy, laxation with lubricants, purgation with cold-natured drugs and purgation with warm-natured drugs. Comparing with the ancient times, it must be a progression. It was investigated earnestly by a school leaded by Zhang Congzheng. They were not restricted to several diseases, but applied it to the wide range of diseases. They thought as following. 'One is ill from pathogenic factor so that you should eliminate it from the human body'. Hence, they frequently used three major remedies such as diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. In this process, purgation therapy had showed eye-opening progress. But opposition to it was not little. Li Gao was a representative man on the opposite side. He expressed a critical opinion and placed great importance on the genuine energy, the natural healing force. Under his influence, a large number of doctors evaded purgation and put it under taboo. On account of these trend, purgation therapy had took a backward step and retrograded. Therefore cathartics such as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rharbitidis Semen, cold drugs such as Gypsum Fibrosum, etc. had been excluded for preservation of the genuine energy, and came about an obnoxious custom to value only 'tonity deficiency', or 'warm and tonify'. As it had came into fashion to approach most disease from the point of view, purgation therapy was merely fall into a remedy of constipation. After the eighteenth century purgation therapy encountered the new period of rivival. It was introduced by them who strived for the study of Epidemics to the new current of thought, so called '增水行舟'. It was because 온병 was apt to dissipate one's Yin fluid. Therefore purgation therapy of this period was characterized by establishing nourishment Yin and body fluid with or without use of timely purgation of accumulation of heat. From the time of Zhang Congzheng, it was accomplished by Lee Je-ma to the most epoch-making change. He caused an improvement in the use of purgation therapy by regarding innate constitutional contradiction as importance than representing clinical symptoms. He warned that existing remedies that depend only upon symptoms and signs, not upon individual characteristics including constitutional features didn't bring round to but kill them. And he understood all the pathologic processes in his constitutional theory, investigated specific drugs on four constitution, made indications of each prescriptions clear. For giving to differentiation of constition before differentiation of syndrom, his new slant on the pathologic phenomena overcome the limitations of 변증시치, and revaluate purgation therapy from remedy impaire the genuine energy to that restore it by recover the balance between the internal organ. It is the product of him to fundamentally upset the cause to be in disregard of purgation therapy.

• 의료법학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.119-142
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• 2013

It is not easy to regulate the amount of radiation used for the medical purpose as there usually is more good than harm to the patient's health and life caused by the medical exposure to the radiation. However, the rapid increase of the use of diagnostic radiation involves a high possibility of increasing the radiation hazard exposure. Therefore, it is imperative to implement effective regulations in order to secure the safety of diagnostic radiation. The one and only rule we currently have for the diagnostic radiation is "Medicine Act" with only one clause dedicated to regulate the safety management that does not include any rules for the medical radiation. A set of inclusive rules for the whole medical radiation inclusive of diagnostic radiation and therapeutic radiation need to be based on the "Medicine Act" rather than "Nuclear Safety Act" in order to protect the medical professionals, patients and the guardians of patients from the hazards of diagnostic and/or therapeutic radiation that was not used the purpose of medical treatment. If there is an administrative measure to be imposed to secure the safety of diagnostic radiation, it is considered as exertion of governmental authority of administrative agency. There must be clear and realistic legal guidelines for in-fringe on people's interests. The administrative measures for the safety management of the diagnostic radiation must be clearly and specifically based on the law and the detailed standards for the administrative measures must be dele-gated by the presidential decree or departmental ordinance. Accordingly, the restrictions imposed by the administrative measures to the "Safety Inspection Institute of Radiation along with Radiation Exposure Measuring Institutes" should have clear legal basis as well and the detailed standards for the administrative measures should be regulated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare decree instead of the notification by the Director of Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While securing the safety of radiation on one side, careful review and up-grade on our legal system for the safety management of the diagnostic radiation is required on the other side to guarantee the legality, interest balance and reliability of the administrative measures.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제31호
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• pp.7-24
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 경호경비현장에서 이루어지고 있는 실제적인 경호경비원들의 장시간 경계근무 중 발생하는 하는 생체리듬의 변화를 알아보기 위해 K대학교 경호학과 학생 9명을 대상으로 실제 경계근무와 같은 형태로 180분간 경계근무를 실시하였다. 30분 간격으로 HRV(Heart rate variability)를 통하여 심박동 변이도와 자율신경검사를 실시 한 결과 심박동 변이도 HRT과 SDNN은 유의한 차이가 없어 180분간의 경계근무 시간 동안 안정적으로 유지 하였다. 자율신경계의 전체적인 활성정도를 반영하는 TP는 안정시 보다 90분과 120분에 유의(p<.05)한 차이로 높게 나타났다. 또한 120분 이후에는 유의한 감소하여, 120분 이상의 경계근무에서는 자율신경계의 활성도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. VLF, LF, HF 모두 유의한 차이는 아니지만 120분에 감소하는 경향을 보여 TP 변화에 영향을 주었다. 교감신경과 부교감신경의 균형도를 나타내는 LF/HF ratio는 경계근무 30분에 유의하게(p<.05)높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 경계근무 120분 이후에는 집중력이 감소하는 것으로 사료되며, 경계근무 시작 30분 까지는 근무시작으로 인한 긴장감과 흥분감이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of skill level and width between feet on kinematic and kinetic variables during jump rope single under with both feet. Method: Fifteen subjects in the skilled group (age: $10.85{\pm}0.40yrs$, height: $142.13{\pm}5.41cm$, weight: $36.97{\pm}6.65kg$) and 15 subjects in the unskilled group (age: $10.85{\pm}0.40yrs$, height: $143.31{\pm}5.54cm$, weight: $40.81{\pm}10.39kg$) participated in this study. Results: Participants in the skilled group minimized the anteroposterior displacement of their center of mass by modifying the width between their feet and decreased the range of motion (ROM) of their trunk in the sagittal plane. The preferred width during the jump rope decreased by 5.61~6.11 cm (32~37%) in comparison to width during static standing. The induced width was increased by 16.44~16.67 cm (82~85%), regardless of skill level. The kinematic variables of the left and right legs of members of the unskilled group were significantly different from those of members in the skilled group regarding the ROM of the hip, knee, and ankle joint. Otherwise, the members of the skilled group were consistent in terms of the kinematic variables of the right and left legs. Conclusion: The preferred width between feet during the jump rope was found to be beneficial for maintaining dynamic stability. The unskilled group exhibited asymmetry in left and right motion within the ranges of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip joints, regardless of the width. Therefore, long-term accurate jump rope motions will contribute to an improvement in the left and right imbalances of the entire body.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.121-121
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• 2004

The groundwater in the Pocheon area occurs from both a fractured bedrock aquifer in igneous and metamorphic rocks and an alluvial aquifer with a thickness of <50 m, and forms a major source of domestic and agricultural water supply. In this study, we performed a hydrogeochemical study in order to identify the control of geochemical processes on groundwater quality. For this study, groundwater level and physicochemical parameters (EC, Eh, pH, alkalinity) were monitored once a month from a total of 150 groundwater wells between June 2003 to August 2004. A total of 153 water samples (13 surface water, 66 alluvial groundwater, 74 bedrock groundwater) were also collected and analyzed in February 2004. Groundwater chemistry in the study area is very complex, depending on a number of major factors such as geology, degree of chemical weathering, and quality of recharge water. Hydrochemical reactions such as the leaching of surficial and near-solace soil salts, dissolution of calcite, cation exchange, and weathering of silicate minerals are proposed to explain the chemistry of natural groundwater. Alluvial groundwaters locally have very high TDS concentrations, which are characterized by their chloride(nitrate)-sulfate-bicabonate facies and low Na/Cl ratio. Their grondwater levels are highly fluctuated according to rainfall event. We suggest that high nitrate content and salinity in such alluvial groundwaters originates from the local recharge of sewage effluents and/or fertilizers. Likewise, high concentrations of nitrate were also locally observed in some bedrock groundwaters, suggesting their effect of anthropogenic contamination. This is possibly due to the bypass flow taking place through macropores. Tile degree of the weathering of silicate minerals seems to be a major control of the distribution of major cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium) in bedrock groundwaters, which show a general increase with increasing depth of wells. Thermodynamic interpretation of groundwater chemistry shows that the groundwater in the study area is in chemical equilibrium with kaolinite and Na-montmorillonite, which indicates that weathering of plagioclase to those minerals is a major control of hydrochemistry of bedrock groundwater. The interpretation of the molar ratios among major ions, as well as the mass balance calculation, also indicates the role of both dissolution/precipitation of calcite and Ca-Na cationic exchange as bedrock groundwaters evolves progressively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.193-197
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• 1973

1. 두 다년생(多年生) 사막식물(沙膜植物) (Lycium andersonii, Atriplex confertifolia)이 Na($NO_3{^-}$, $Cl^-$, $H_2PO_4{^-}$)의 다른 기원으로 식물체내(植物體內) cation-anion 균형에 대(對)한 영향을 평가하기 위해 온실에서 토양재배(土壤裁培)를 하였다. 2. 각(各) anion은 다른 anion과 상호작용(交互作用)이 있을지라도 시비(施肥)에 따라 주(主)로 엽(葉)에 증가되였다. 3. 측정(測定)된 전(全) anion(N. P. Cl)은 각(各) 식물(植物) 부분(部分)에 증가되였다. 4. 동시에 전(全) cation도 증가현상을 보였다. 5. Cation-action의 비율은 $NaNO_3$의 경우 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)되였다. cation-anion 비율(比率)은 보통 1을 넘고 있다. 6. 염내(鹽內) Cl 및 N의 최고(最高) 함량은 이들 성분(成分)이 부여(附加)될 때 Lycium andersonii에서 13.51% 및 6.37%로 각각(各各) 나타나고 있다. 7. Na 농도(濃度)는 Lycium andersonii 보다 Atriplex confertifolia 에서 더 높았다. 8. Na의 각 처리간에 유의차가 있을지라도 전(全) cation은 일정(一定)하게 유지(維持)되는 것으로 봐 처리구(處理區)에서 Na가 증가 됨으로서 다른 Cation들 사이에 약간의 보상작용(補償作用)이 나타났다. 9. Lycium andersonii는 Li의 축적자(蓄績者)로 나타나고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.22-54
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• 1989

Seasonal semi-greenhouse type solar-drying of 2.5cm-and 5.0cm-thick lumber of Quercus aliena Blume and Quercus variailis Blume was carried out to investigate the possibility of solar-drying of wood and to decide the active solar-drying period in Korea. In the active solar-drying period obtained solar-dehumidification, semi-greenhouse type solar-, air- and kiln-drying of 2.5cm -thick lumber of oaks were carried out to analyze drying-rates. -defects, and -yield in each drying-method and to calculate daily total absorbed solar-radiation the solar dryers. The energy balance equations were set up, considering all the energy requirements, to analyze the heat efficiencies of semi-greenhouse type solar and solar-dehumidification-dryer. In a seasonal drying the drying rate of semi-greenhouse type solar-dryer was highest in summer, and greater in fall, spring, and winter in order. Solar-drying time was 45% in summer to 50% in winter of the air-drying rime, and more serious drying-defects occurred in air-drying than in solar-drying. In the active solar-drying period. April, May, and June, the average drying rate in solar-dehumidification-drying was 1.0%/day and greater than 0.8%/day in semi-greenhouse type solar-drying. In solar-dehumidification-drying the time required to dry lumber to 10% moisture content was less than 60 days, and solar-dehumidification-drying showed the highest drying-yield, 65.01%, than the other drying methods. The daily total absorbed solar radiations were 8.51MJ on the roof collector and 6.22 MJ on the south wall collector. In the energy blance 69.48% of total energy input was lost by heat conduction through walls, roof. and floor 11.68% by heat leakage, 0.33% by heating the internal structures of the solar-dryer and 5.38% by air-venting. Therefore the heat efficiency of semi-greenhouse type solar-dryer 13.13%, was lower than that of solar-dehumidification-dryer, 14.04%. Solar-drying of lumber in Korea showed the possibility to reduce the air-drying-time in every season and the efficiency of solar-dehumidification drying was higher than that of semi-greenhouse type solar-drying.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2017

It is considered necessary to renewal a considerable number of water supply facilities in Korea because they began to be intensively buried in the period of rapid economic growth. Accordingly, local water providers are required to take measures against this situation, but they have currently been caught in a vicious circle of the lack of budget spent in renewing water supply facilities because county-based small-scale local water supply cannot afford to cover annual expenditures with their revenues from water rates. Therefore, this study developed an optimal renewal planning model capable of achieving a balance of financial revenue and expenditure in local water supply using nonlinear programming and furthermore of minimizing the total cost incurred during the analysis. To this end, this study selected the water supply area located in County Y as a research area to build the financial revenue and expenditure and used Solver function provided by Microsoft Excel to use nonlinear programming. As a result, this study developed an optimal renewal planning model minimizing incurred costs in consideration of 6 items in the financial revenue and expenditure. The optimal renewal plan was modeled according to the available annual budget. As a result, this study proposed SICD, a scenario to minimize total costs from the perspective of water suppliers, and SITS, a scenario to minimize the increase in water rates from the perspective of consumers. It can be said that the method proposed in this study is the core of the optimal financial and renewal plans as a final stage of asset management for water supply facilities. Therefore, it is considered possible for local water providers to use the method proposed in this study according to circumstances for the asset management of water supply facilities.