• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2022

As meters become digital and smart, energy data such as electricity, gas, heat, and water can be accurately and efficiently measured with a smart meter, providing consumers with data on energy used, so that real-time demand response and energy management services can be utilized. Although it is developing from a simple metering system to a smart metering industry to create a high value-added industry fused with ICT, illegal counterfeiting of electronic meters is causing problems in intelligent crimes such as manipulation and hacking of SW. The meter not only allows forgery of the meter data through arbitrary manipulation of the SW, but also leaves a fatal error in the metering performance, so that the OIML requires the validation of the SW from the authorized institution. In order to solve this problem, a quantitative confirmation device was developed in order to eradicate the act of cheating the fuel oil quantity through encoder pulse operation and program modulation, etc. In order to prevent the act of deceiving the lubricator, a device capable of checking pulse forgery was developed, manufactured, and verified. In addition, the performance of the device was verified by conducting an experiment on the meter being used in the actual field. It is judged that the developed quantitative confirmation device can be applied to other flow meters other than lubricators, and in this case, accurate measurement can be induced.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.262-276
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• 2023

This study aims to develop a multi-functional cage for dogs as a house to reduce their anxiety when they go out using cages. This study investigates the types and characteristics of cages and cage preference by surveying men and women in their 20s who use them. The cage product reviews are also analyzed. The research results are as follows: First, domestic dog cages are classified into crate, shoulder, cross (sling bag), backpack, carrier, and stroller types. The crate type is easy to clean and can be used as a house, but it is bulky and therefore inconvenient to carry when using public transportation. The shoulder type is a fabric material with good air permeability but has the disadvantage of being easily soiled. It can be used as a house and is light weight, making it convenient when using public transportation. Second, as a result of consumer research, respondents prefer the shoulder-type fabric over the crate-type plastic material. Third, from the shoulder-type product review, the shape stability, companion dogs' psychological safety, the wearability of companions, and management convenience are derived. Fourth, based on the survey results, a multi-functional cage is developed taking into account the companion dog, companion person, and functional factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1692-1703
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• 2008

On 2008, China comes to be an era of opening the market for 30 years, being both the 4th economically biggest country and 2nd ranked clothing export country in the world. China plays a huge consuming market for the world, along with the competition arena for the numerous world fashion brands while more than 100 kinds of Korean fashion ones being launched into the China. By applying the analysis and investigation of preferred street style. in local area to the development of fashion items and design, the synergistic effect of university and industrial corporation might also be expected. This study aims to provide the basic resources for the development of fashion design on behalf of the Korean fashion brands launched into China and moreover to anticipate the requirement on the part of Chinese consumers by way of understanding the preferred fashion styles, through analysis and investigation of the street fashion in Dalian, northeastern area of China. Conclusively, in terms of clothing style, 80.5% of casual style and 19.5% of formal style were notified. The jean casual, and easy casual being dominant in the former, feminine style in the later. In view of the high frequency of T-shirt, sleeveless on the top, full-length pants and 7/9 length pants on the bottom. The simple and cool style seems to be favored, making them easy through the hot summer. The upper clothes exposed in body part of back, chest and shoulder, were frequently shown. In light of colours. white, black, red were preferred on top, blue and black were preferred on bottom. To deal with accessories, the shoulder bag mostly preferred among bags, the sandal, slippers, snickers in sequential order among shoes, the hair pins and rubber band(tied or, held up style), in hair accessories. Other items of hat, belt, and sunglasses, which could give a point to the summer style, were identified low frequency.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2008

One way to shield an atypical structure to secure the occupant safety of an impact vehicle is to stack energy absorbing material modules around the structure. To be applicable to a cushion module, material must have enough energy absorbing capabilities while satisfying the safety requirements of the vehicle occupant. Static compression test of the potential materials gives a good indication which material is good for a slacking module. This paper presents the mechanical properties that a cushion material must have to satisfy the safety requirements. Static tests are performed for Quard-Guard system module, sand bag, recycled tires, Geo-Container, Geo-Cell and Expanded Polystyren (EPS) Blocks. Static test results are discussed and EPS block of $30kg/m^{3}$ density showed good potential for a cushion module. To check the dynamic effect of EPS block, drop tests have been made up to 35.6km/h impact speed. Drop test results are compared with static test results and no appreciable difference was found. To improve the EPS module property, making holes to the block is suggested and drop test are performed for the modified blocks. From the drop test results, design values are suggested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 1995

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different inclusion levels of urea treated whole-crop wheat silage (UWCWS) in grass silage based rations on the performance of growing beef cattle. The winter wheat (variety, Riband) was harvested (in the summer of 1991) at a dry matter proportion of 520 g/kg and treated with feed grade urea at the rate of 37 kg/tonne crop dry matter and preserved in a heavy duty plastic bag using a silo press. The urea treated whole crop wheat silage (UWCWS) was mixed with grass silage to replace 0.00 (S100), 0.33 (S33) and 0.67 (S67) parts of the forage dry matter and fed ad libitum in a cross over design to 18 Simmental X Holstein Friesian growing beef animals. Two energy sources {one high in starch, rolled barley (RB) and one high in digestible fibre, sugar beet pulp (SBP)} were fed to supply sufficient energy for the efficient use of nitrogen by the rumen micro-organisms. The data on DMIF (dry matter intake of forage), TDMI (total dry matter intake), DLWG (daily live weight gain), FCR (feed conversion ratio) were recorded and faecal samples were collected to determine the digestibility coefficients. Results revealed that with the inclusion of UWCW in the animals' diets the DMI of the forage was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The highest DMIF was found in the treatment "S33" ($6.28{\pm}0.25kg$) where 67% of the silage dry matter was replaced with the UWCW and the lowest value for DMIF was observed in the control treatment ($5.03{\pm}0.23kg$). The DLWG did not differ significantly between the treatments. However, treatment "S100" showed a trend towards a superior DLWG. Feed conversion ratio in the control treatment differed significantly from "S67" and "S33". The addition of the UWCW in the animals' diet resulted in the lower FCR There was no effect of type of energy supplement on any aspect of performance either overall or in interaction with grass silage: UWCWS ratio. The regression and correlation coefficients for DMIF (r = 5.22 + 0.0184x*), DLWG (r = $1.04-0.00086x^{NS}$) and FCR (r = 4.78 = 0.022x*) on the inclusion of UWCW in the diet were calculated. The effect of the inclusion of UWCW on the overall digestibility coefficients was significant (p < 0.05). The addition of the UWCWS in the diet decreased the digestibility of the DM, OM, ADF and NFE but effect on the protein digestibility was non significant. The results of present study suggests that a DLWG slightly over 1 kg can be achieved with UWCW during the store period (period in which animal performance targets are low especially during winter) and the prediction of ME was overestimated as the high intake of DM did not reflect in improved animal performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1454-1464
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• 2015

Four methods were adopted, including the mobile nylon bag (MNB) method, modified three-step in vitro (MTS) method, original three-step in vitro (OTS) method, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) estimating method, to evaluate the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (DRUP) of 10 types of concentrates and 7 types of roughages. After correlation analysis to determine the DRUP values using the MNB, MTS, OTS, and ADIN methods, the study aimed to find out appropriate methods to replace the MNB method due to its disadvantages such as high price, long time period, and use of a duodenal T-fistula. Three dairy cows with a permanent ruminal fistula and duodenal T-fistula were used in a single-factor experimental design. The results showed that the determined DRUP values using the MNB method for soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, corn germ meal, corn, rice bran, barley, wheat bran, corn fiber feed, Alfalfa (Zhao dong), Alfalfa (Long mu 801), Alfalfa (Long mu 803), grass (North), Grass (Inner Mongolia), corn silage and corn straw were 98.13%, 87.37%, 88.47%, 82.60%, 75.40%, 93.23%, 69.27%, 91.27%, 72.37%, 79.03%, 66.72%, 68.64%, 73.57%, 50.47%, 51.52%, 54.05%, and 43.84%, respectively. The coefficient of determination ($R^2=0.964$) of the results between the MTS method and the MNB method was higher than that ($R^2=0.942$) between the OTS method and the MNB method. The coefficient of determination of the DRUP values of the concentrates among the in vitro method (including the MTS and OTS methods) and the MNB method was higher than that of the roughage. There was a weak correlation between the determined DRUP values in concentrates obtained from the ADIN method and those from the MNB method, and there was a significant correlation (p<0.01) between the determined DRUP values of the roughage obtained from the MNB method and those obtained from ADIN method. The DRUP values were significantly correlated with the nutritional ingredients of the feeds. The regression equation was DRUP =100.5566+0.4169CP - 0.4344SP - 0.7102NDF - 0.7950EE ($R^2=0.8668$, p<0.01; CP, crude protein; SP, soluble protein; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; EE, ether extract). It was concluded that both the MTS method and the OTS may suitable to replace the MNB method for determining the DRUP values and the former method was more effective. Only the ADIN method could be used to predict the values of the roughages but conventional nutritional ingredients were available for all of the samples' DRUP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3792-3799
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• 2012

The dedusting characteristics of pulse air jet type dedusting system which is widely applied in the industries were identified by utilizing the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the dedusting performance in modified shape of dedusting unit was compared in this study. The review on the dedusting air volume, air stream distribution and inflow velocity distribution on each shape of dedusting part showed that the case of installing the nozzle on the blow tube (Case-3) and the case of installing the double intaking tube to the venturi (Case-4 and Case-5) were more excellent than the structure (Case-1) which is widely applied in the field in its amplification effect on the air volume and extension of stream width. The specification of venturi was decided to apply the selected Case-5 for the option of the commercial back filter. It is considered that the dedusting air volume will be maintained in maximum in the case of 50 mm and 90 mm for the diameter of internal and external intaking pipe respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.219-226
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• 2006

The wastes (the needle leaves and branches) produced from thinning the forest were fermented under an anaerobic condition (pine silage) to utilize as a forage source of ruminants. An in situ trial was conducted with two ruminally fistulated Korean native cows by 4 replicates (2 bags per cow), and in vivo digestibility of pine silage was estimated with five Korean native steers by 5 replicates in incomplete double turn-over design. In order to investigate feed efficiency and carcass traits, forty eight Korean native bulls were assigned to four treatments (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% of pine silage) with a completely randomized design in 12 pens accommodating 4 animals per pen. The amounts of concentrate and roughage allowed to experimental animals were in the range of 2.5% and 0.6% of body weight, respectively. Animals had freely accessed to mineral block and water in stanchion barn.An in situ crude protein digestibility of the roughage sources when suspended for 48 hrs in the rumen was higher for feeding the pine silage than the rice straw, whereas NDF digestibility was vice versa. No differences between the treatments were observed in in vivo digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and NDF. Daily body weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher for the pine silage substitutions compared with the rice straw feeding except for the 25% silage feeding. The pine silage feeding did not affect feed efficiency.In carcass traits, marbling score tended to be higher for the 50% pine silage treatment than the other treatments while back fat thickness tended to be the thinnest for the rice straw feeding. From these results, it may be recommended to substitute pine silage, as a forage source, for rice straw by 50 percent.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.517-528
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• 2007

Domestic or international existing researches regarding rail damage factors are focused on laying, vehicle conditions, driving speed and driving habits and overlook characteristics of track structure (elasticity, maintenance etc). Also in ballast track, as there is no special lateral spring stiffness of track also called as ballast lateral resistance in concrete track, generally, existing study shows concrete track has 2 time shorter life cycle for rail replacement than ballast track due to abrasion. As a result of domestic concrete track design and operation performance review, concrete track elasticity is lower than track elasticity of ballast track resulting higher damage on rail and tracks. Generally, concrete track has advantage in track elasticity adjustment than ballast track and in case of Europe, in concrete track design, it is recommended to have same or higher performance range of vertical elastic stiffness of ballast track but domestically or internationally review on lateral spring stiffness of track is very minimal. Therefore, through analysis of service line track on site measurement and analysis on performance of maintenance, in this research, dynamic characteristic behaviors of commonly used ballast and concrete track are studied to infer elasticity of service line track and experimentally prove effects of track lateral spring stiffness that influence curved rail damage as well as correlation between track elasticity by track system and rail damage to propose importance of appropriate elastic stiffness level for concrete and ballast track.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.691-699
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• 1997

In order to find out the properties in flow resistance of trawlR=1.5R=1.5\;S\;v^{1.8}\;S\;v^{1.8} nets and the exact expression for the resistance R (kg) under the water flow of velocity v(m/sec), the experimental data on R obtained by other, investigators were pigeonholed into the form of $R=kSv^2$, where $k(kg{\cdot}sec^2/m^4)$ was the resistance coefficient and $S(m^2)$ the wall area of nets, and then k was analyzed by the resistance formular obtained in the previous paper. The analyzation produced the coefficient k expressed as $$k=4.5(\frac{S_n}{S_m})^{1.2}v^{-0.2}$$ in case of bottom trawl nets and as $$k=5.1\lambda^{-0.1}(\frac{S_n}{S_m})^{1.2}v^{-0.2}$$ in midwater trawl nets, where $S_m(m^2)$ was the cross-sectional area of net mouths, $S_n(m^2)$ the area of nets projected to the plane perpendicular to the water flow and $\lambda$ the representitive size of nettings given by ${\pi}d^2/2/sin2\varphi$ (d : twine diameter, 2l: mesh size, $2\varphi$ : angle between two adjacent bars). The value of $S_n/S_m$ could be calculated from the cone-shaped bag nets equal in S with the trawl nets. In the ordinary trawl nets generalized in the method of design, however, the flow resistance R (kg) could be expressed as $$R=1.5\;S\;v^{1.8}$$ in bottom trawl nets and $$R=0.7\;S\;v^{1.8}$$ in midwater trawl nets.