• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate Japanese perception and preference for Kimchi. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 605 Japanese (male 224, female 381) residing in Kobe, Kyoto, Osaka, Himezi, and Tokyo. Of the respondents, 90.2% have not visited Korea however, 83.3% experienced Korean food. On their first impression of Kimchi, 56.9% answered that it was ‘good’, and 65.4% answered ‘good’ for their after taste impression. Total 92.7% of the respondents, answered nationality of kimchi is ‘Korea’. The most familiar kimchi is Baechu kimchi, and they preferred the part from white stem of the Chinese cabbage. On their perception of kimchi, ‘Kimchi is stamina food’ had the highest score of 4.17${\pm}$1.11 from male and 4.25${\pm}$0.85 from female, respectively. Their favorite sub-materials were red pepper (37.4%), radishes (33.6%) and garlic (28.4%), and unfavorable sub-materials were anchovy (28.4%) and garlic (16.5%). The most popalar dishes using Kimchi were Kimchi Ramyun (84.0%) and Kimchi Bokumbab (60.7%).

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.287-298
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of salting in 10% salt solution added 2% calcium chloride on the kimchi fermentation. The addition of calcium chloride extended edible periods of the Kimchi to 4~5 days and increased relatively the hardness of Chinese Cabbage. In the addition of calcium chloride, the activities of amylase and $\beta$ -galactosidase were not high during all periods fermentation. Polygalacturonase and protease activities were low 2~21%, 2~26% all periods fermentation, respectively. There were significant correlations between the delay of ripeness and decreasing enzyme activation. The amount of free amino acid by the treatment with calcium chloride was decreased of 10~16% at the late of fermentation than that of control. the treatment with calcium chloride of the Kimchi was increased hardness, but decreased cohesiveness and gumminess was during all periods fermentation. the adhesiveness was increased at the early of fermentation but decreased at the late of fermentation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2003

발효 김치의 보존성과 품질 향상을 위하여 천연의 항 미생물활성물질인 자일리톨(Xyl)과 자몽씨추출물(GSE) 첨가 효과를 조사하였다. 자일리톨 첨가량은 0, 1, 2%(w/w)와 자몽씨추출물 0.1%(w/w)로 하여 6가지 실험처리구(Control, A; 1% Xyl, B; 2% Xyl, C; 0.1% GSE, D; 0.1% GSE+1% Xyl, E; 0.1% GSE+2% Xyl)로 $10^{\circ}C$에서 25일동안 발효시키면서 관능적, 이화학적 및 미생물학적 특성을 보았다. 관능평가 결과 기호특성에서 조직감, 신맛, 전반적인 기호도에서 자몽씨추출물 0.1%에 2% 자일리톨을 혼합한 처리구 E가 높은 점수를 받았고, 강도특성에서 냄새와 신맛은 대조구가 높은 점수를 받았고, 조직감은 자몽씨추출물과 자일리톨 2%가 혼합된 처리구 E가 높은 점수를 받았다. pH는 점차로 낮아졌는데, 대조구가 가장 낮은 pH를 보였고, 처리구 E가 발효말기까지 높은 pH를 나타냈다. 전체 발효기간 동안 적정산도, 총균수와 젖산균수는 대조구에 비해서 자몽씨추출물 0.1%와 자일리톨 2%을 함유하는 처리구 E에서 현저히 적었다. 연구결과 자몽씨추출물 0.1%에 자일리톨 2%가 첨가된 처리구 E가 발효숙성을 조절하여 맛과 조직감을 향상시키고, 가식기간을 약 2배정도 연장시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.774-782
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• 2012

본 연구는 가정에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 재료인 요구르트와 비타민 C를 사용하여 갑오징어 김치를 담그고, 발효기간에 따른 특성을 조사하여 김치의 맛이나 가식기간에 미치는 영향을 예측해 보고자 하였다. 발효기간 동안의 수분, 조지방 및 조회분 함량의 변화는 모든 시료 간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나, 갑오징어를 첨가한 김치 실험군에서 갑오징어를 첨가하지 않은 대조구보다 높은 조단백질 함량을 보였고, 요구르트를 첨가한 갑오징어 김치의 조단백질 함량은 발효기간 동안 꾸준히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 발효가 진행됨에 따라 모든 시료구의 pH 값은 공통적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 요구르트와 비타민 C를 각각 첨가한 갑오징어 김치의 pH 값은 대조구 및 갑오징어 김치보다 천천히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 산도는 김치가 숙성됨에 따라 전체 실험구에서 높아지는 변화를 보였으며, 숙성 21일째까지는 대조구가 높은 값을 나타내었고, 21일 이후부터는 요구르트와 비타민 C를 각각 첨가한 갑오징어 김치 실험군이 대조구보다 높았다. 총균수는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 전 실험군에서 증가하기 시작하여 21일째에 최대값을 보인 후 다시 감소하는 양상을 보였고, 요구르트와 비타민 C를 첨가한 갑오징어 김치의 경우는 발효기간내내 대조구 및 갑오징어 김치보다 낮은 총균수를 나타내었다. 또한 Leuconostoc sp. 균수는 전 실험구에서 적숙기인 21일째에 최대값을 보인 이후 다시 감소하는 양상을 보였고, 요구르트와 비타민 C를 첨가한 갑오징어 김치가 대조구와 갑오징어 김치보다 높은Leuconostoc sp. 균수 값을 나타내었다. Lactobacillus sp. 균주는 발효가 진행될수록 대조구에서는 계속 증가하는 양상을 보였고, 적숙기인 21일 이후부터는 대조구의Lactobacillus sp.의 균수가 갑오징어 김치 시료군보다 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 관능평가 결과로는 요구르트와 비타민 C를 첨가하여 제조한 갑오징어 김치가 비린 향미의 항목을 제외하고는 조직감, 신맛, 숙성된 맛, 종합적인 선호도의 항목에서 가장 좋은 점수를 얻었다. 이상의 결과는 김치제조 시 쉽게 구할 수 있는 재료인 요구르트나 비타민 C를 첨가하여 김치를 담금으로서 김치의 관능에 좋은 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 가식기간 또한 연장될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.576-586
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• 2015

This study compared and analyzed the consumption and amount of red pepper used in Baechu Kimchi (cabbage Kimchi) especially the amounts used in Kimchi recipes with respect to the passage of time from the 1930s to the 2010s. In this analysis, 78 recipes for cabbage Kimchi were taken from books, daily newspapers and magazines from 1930 to 2014 and collected for comparison. The result of the study showed that the consumption and inclusion of dried red pepper powder in cabbage Kimchi increased. The average consumption of red pepper in the 1930s was 5.75 g, and the number went up to 8.83 g in the 1940s, to 13.8 g in the 1950s, and to 20.25 g in the 1960s. The amount dramatically increased from 1970 to 1980 (53.37 g) and kept rising until 2010 (71.26 g). The average consumption of red pepper in cabbage Kimchi in the 2010s is about 12 times that of the 1930s.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1996

김치의 감미료로서 아스파탐의 이용 가능성을 검토하고 숙성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 아스파탐의 첨가량을 0.01-0.08% 범위로 첨가한 후 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 25일까지 숙성시키는 동안 pH, 산도, 텍스쳐, 색상 및 관능검사를 행하였다. 아스파탐 첨가김치는 대조구보다 다소 높은 pH를 보였고, 0.01-0.04%를 첨가한 경우 L값이 대조구보다 높았다. 아스파탐 첨가김치의 a값은 대조구보다 낮았으나 0.06-0.08% 첨가한 것은 높았다. b값은 첨가구 모두가 대조구보다 높았다. 감미와 종합적인 맛은 아스파탐을 0.02% 첨가한 경우가 양호하였으며 산미를 떨어뜨려 가식기간을 연장시키는 효과가 있었고, 김치 숙성 중에 아스파탐의 분해에 의 한 감미도 감소보다 산미를 감소시키는 율이 더욱 높았다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 1999

This study was performed with 482 subjects(278 boys and 204 girls in Seoul and Kyunggido area) to find out the attitude and eating behaviors about Kimchi on Korean young generation. General characteristics about subject and attitude and eating behavior were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. 85.9% of the subjects were nuclear family type and 49.9% of respondent's mother had full-time job and 96.1% of subjects were middle or upper economic status. The preference for Kimchi, 60.4% of respondents answered that they liked Kimchi. According to grade, the rate of preference about Kimchi was significantly different, higher grade students were found higher preference on Kimchi : 64.4% of middle and 70.4% of high school students liked Kimchi. The eating patterns of Kimchi, up to 60% of respondents answered they ate Kimchi in every meal time, which suggested that it was still an important side dish in Korean meal among teenagers. The eating behaviors on Kimchi, $85{\sim}90%$ of respondents answered that they preferred Kimchi in meal time. Baechu Kimchi(chinese cabbage Kimchi) and Gakdugi(radish cube Kimchi) was highly preferred. And their preference of food which made from Kimchi (such as Kimchi fried rice, Kimchi stew, Kimchi pancake) was highly evaluated. 65.6% of residents pointed out that 'Kimchi is very nutritious food'. The respondent's structure of value on Kimchi were not significantly difference between sex and age. But it was significantly difference(p<0.01) between the groups with preference and familiarity on Kimchi. The group had higher preference and familiarity on Kimchi agreed to the positive values about Kimchi. These result suggested that various kinds of Kimchi should be developed for young generation to meet their taste and also continuous nutrition education about traditional food especially Kimchi should be promoted at home and school.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.693-704
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• 2008

In this study, the preference for Korean Kimchi by Chinese people in Shandong Province was evaluated. Specifically, this study was conducted to aid in the introduction of Kimchi to China by providing information and developing local types designed to meet regional taste preferences. The subjects were comprised of 298 Chinese (male 108, female 190) residents of Weihai, Yantai and Qingdao, in Shandong province, China. The subjects were provided with a self administered questionnaire form designed to evaluate their views on Korean Kimchi. The collected data were then analyzed using the SAS software package. The results revealed that 95.3% of the respondents were aware of Korean Kimchi. In addition, 100% of the respondents who had visited Korea and 98.1% of the respondents who had an interest in Korea were aware of Kimchi. With regard to the origins of their interest in Kimchi, 26.8% of the subjects answered 'through mass media', while 23.9% reported that they learned about Kimchi 'through friends'. Most subjects recognized Kimchi as a 'Korean traditional food' (92.6%), a 'delicious food' (53.2%), and a 'fermented food' (38.0%). Baechu Kimchi was found to be the most well-known Kimchi, followed by Kkakdugi, Oi Kimchi, Yoelmu Kimchi and Nabak Kimchi. Additionally, 69.1% of the subjects knew how it was prepared, most of whom reported that they learned how Kimchi was prepared through 'Korean movie and/or drama'. Moreover, 88.9% of the subjects had eaten Kimchi. Overall, 43.8% of the subjects reported that they ate Kimchi $1{\sim}2$ times per month, while 32.1% reported that they ate Kimchi $1{\sim}2$ time per year. The most common places that Kimchi was eaten were a 'Korean restaurant' (67.6%) or with a 'colleague' (32.8%). The primary reasons for not having eaten Kimchi were 'no knowledge or dislike of Kimchi by family' (30.3%), 'difficulty purchasing Kimchi' (21.2%), 'high priced Kimchi' (21.2%), and 'dislike the smell and shape of Kimchi' (12.1%).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.572-582
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perception and preference of Kimchi among the elementary school children. The survey was conducted via questionnaire to 439 elementary school children(224 males and 215 females) who lived in Seongnam. 77.2% of the surveyed children had an affirmative opinion of Kimchi intake. Children regarded Kimchi as traditional, nutritious, healthy, fermented and delicious food. It also revealed that the higher grade($4{\sim}6$ grade) students were more awareness in Korean traditional fermented healthy food as for Kimchi than the lower grade($1{\sim}3$ grade) students. They should eat Kimchi mainly because Kimchi is good for health(82.9%), nutritious food(62.9%), our traditional food(58.3%), and delicious food(41.5%). 73.9% of the children responded that the parents influenced on their consumption of Kimchi, but 16.5% of the children answered that their parents did not meddle. 67.3% of the children liked Kimchi, whereas 5.3% of them disliked it. The preference of Kimchi was significantly higher for lower grade students than for higher grade students. The main reason liking Kimchi was hot taste(60.8%) of Kimchi, and then texture of chewing(59.0%), taste of freshness (29.2%), cool taste(28.7%), and peculiar taste(26.9%) of Kimchi in order. The majority reasons for dislike the Kimchi were salty taste, hot taste, not eat oftenly, smell, appearance of Kimchi in order. The hot taste of Kimchi was the number one reason of their diskike of Kimchi, especially for lower grade students and female students, and it was the most important reason for those also like Kimchi. The children preferred the a little hot taste of Kimchi, properly fermented Kimchi, medium amount of seasoning in Kimchi, and any parts of Baechu in Kimchi.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2010

김치 제조 시 홍삼의 효능을 알아보기 위하여 홍삼 추출액을 첨가하여 배추김치를 제조하였다. 홍삼 추출액을 0, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5% (all v/w)의 농도로 첨가한 후 $20^{\circ}C$에서 4일간 보관하며 배추김치의 품질 특성을 알아보았다. 홍삼 추출액 첨가 김치의 pH는 대조군에 비해 높았으며, 총산도는 저장기간 동안 대조군에 비해 낮았다. 대조군의 명도(L value)는 홍삼 추출액이 첨가된 김치보다 낮게 나타났다. 홍삼 추출액 첨가군의 적색도(a value)는 대조군보다 높게 나타났다. 황색도(b value)는 5% 홍삼 추출액 첨가군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 그러나 저장 4일째에는 대조군이 가장 높은 황색도를 나타내었다. 홍삼 추출액이 첨가된 김치의 경도는 대조군보다 높게 나타났다. 총균수, 젖산균수 그리고 효모의 성장은 홍삼 추출액 첨가에 의해 현저히 감소되었다. 그러나 고농도의 홍삼 추출액 처리(3% 와 5%)는 외관, 색, 맛, 질감, 전체적 선호도를 감소시켰다. 따라서 홍삼 추출액이 첨가된 김치 제조에는 0.5~1% 수준의 홍삼 추출액 첨가가 적합할 것으로 사료된다.