• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1999

Xylooligosaccharide의 세균에 대한 돌연변이 유발성을 검색하기 위하여 Salmonella typhimurium의 히스티딘 요구성균주 TA100, TA1535, TA98 및 TA1537의 4개 균주와 대장균 Escherichia coli의 트립토판 요구성 균주인 WP2 uvrA를 이용해 복귀돌연변이 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 물질은 증류수에 용해하여 처리하였으며, 대사 활성계 미적용 및 적용하에 $5000\;\mu\textrm{g}/plate$를 최고농도로 하고 공비 2로서 5단계 농도군(313, 625, 1250, 2500 및 $5000\;\mu\textrm{g}/plate$)과 음성 및 양성 대조군으로 시험군을 구성해 본 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 결과 시험물질을 처리한 모든 농도군에서 복귀돌연변이 집락 수는 음성대조군과 비슷한 정도로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서, xylooligosaccharide는 본 시험 조건 하에 사용한 균주들에 복귀돌연변이를 유발하지 않는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Chrysanthemum indicum is widely used to treat immune-related and infectious disorders in East Asia. C. indicum flower oil contains 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, camphor, ${\alpha}$-cadinol, camphene, pinocarvone, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, 3-cyclohexen- 1-ol, and ${\gamma}$-curcumene. We evaluated the safety of C. indicum flower oil by conducting acute oral toxicity, bone marrow micronucleus, and bacterial reverse mutation tests. Mortality, clinical signs and gross findings of mice were measured for 15 days after the oral single gavage administration of C. indicum flower oil. There were no mortality and clinical signs of toxicity at 2,000 mg/kg body weight/day of C. indicum flower oil throughout the 15 day period. Micronucleated erythrocyte cell counts for all treated groups were not significantly different between test and control groups. Levels of 15.63~500 ${\mu}g$ C. indicum flower oil/plate did not induce mutagenicity in S. Typhimurium and E. coli, with or without the introduction of a metabolic activation system. These results indicate that ingesting C. indicum flower oil produces no acute oral toxicity, bone marrow micronucleus, and bacterial reverse mutation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제27권
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• pp.14.1-14.6
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• 2012

Objectives: The root barks of Periploca sepium Bge. (P. sepium) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for healing wounds and treating rheumatoid arthritis. However, toxicity in high-doses was often diagnosed by the presence of many glycosides. The potential mutagenicity of P. sepium was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: This was examined by the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test using Escherichia coli WP2uvrA and Salmonella typhimurium strains, such as TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537. Chromosomal aberrations were investigated using Chinese hamster lung cells, and the micronucleus test using mice. Results: P. sepium did not induce mutagenicity in the bacterial test or chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells, although metabolic activation and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were seen in the mice bone marrow cells. Conclusions: Considering these results, it is suggested that P. sepium does not have mutagenic potential under the conditions examined in each study.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2006

We have investigated the genotoxicity of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene using Ames reverse mutation test. In Ames reverse mutation test, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene treatment at the dose of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, $6.25{\mu}g/plate$ did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA with and without metabolic activation. These results indicate that 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene has no mutagenic potential under the rendition in this study.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

Clean Watural은 주성분이 참나무로부터 추출정제한 목초액과 프로폴리스로 구성된 새로운 천연 살균소독제이다. Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 및 TA1537 등의 5종의 균주를 이용한 복귀돌연변이성 시험을 수행한 결과, 모든 균주에서 대조군과 비교하여 시험용량군 사이에 돌연변이 유발성이 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나, 앙성대조물질에서는 대조군과 비교하여 통계학적으로 유의한 균주의 증가가 관찰되었다. 따라서, 시험물질인 천연 살균소독제, Clean Natulat은 돌연변이 유발 가능성이 없는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2004

산삼배양추출물의 세균에서의 돌연변이 유발성 검색을 위하여 Salmonella typhimurium의 히스티딘 요구성 균주 LA100, TA1535, TA98 및 TA1537의 4개의 균주와 대장균 Escherichia coli의 트립토판 요구성 균주인 WP2 uvrA를 이용해 복귀돌연변이 시험을 실시하였다 시험물질은 멸균생리식염수에 용해하여 처리하였다. 대사활성계 적용 및 미적용시 모든 균주에 대해 0, 62, 185, 556, 1,667 및 5,000{\mu}g/plate의 범위를 설정하고 각각 음성 및 양성대 조군으로 시험군을 구성해 본 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 결과 모든 균주에서 최고농도에 이르기까지 집락수의 일관성 있는 증가는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 시험물질 산삼배양추출물은 본 시험조건 하에 사용한 시험균주들의 복귀돌연변이를 유발하지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2012

Zizyphi spinosi semen (Z. spinosi) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and wounds. However, toxicity in high doses was often observed due to the presence of alkaloids. This study was conducted to investigate the potential genotoxicity of Z. spinosi in vitro and in vivo. This was examined by the Bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, Chromosomal aberration was investigated using Chinese hamster lung cells and the micronucleus test using mice. Z. Spinosi did not induce mutagenicity in the Ames test, and it did not produce chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster lung cells with and without metabolic activation, nor in the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow cells in mice. Based on these results, it is concluded that Z. spinosi does not have mutagenic potential under the conditions examined in each study.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the mutagenicity of lithium carbonate, a bacterial reverse mutation(Ames) test was carried out using four strains of S. typhimurium(TA1535; TA1537; TA98; and TA100) and one strain of E. coli(WP2uvrA). Materials: This was carried out in a dose range from 312.5 to $5,000{\mu}g/plate$ in triplicate with and without S9 activation, which is the most commonly used metabolic activation system supplemented by a post-mitochondrial fraction prepared from the livers of rodents treated with enzyme-inducing agents such as Aroclor 1254 or a combination of phenobarbitone and ${\beta}$-naphthoflavone. Results: No significant increases in the number of revertants were observed under the conditions examined in this study. Conclusions: Based on the above observations, it can be concluded that lithium carbonate has no mutagenic activity. Despite the results, it can have an effect by inducing acute oral toxicity, eye irritation and acute aquatic toxicity. Based on this study, we suggest that future studies should be directed toward chronic, carcinogenic testing and other related areas.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2002

Mutagenic potential of HM10411 (recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor) was evaluated by bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosome aberration test and in vivo micronucleus test. The bacterial reverse mutation test was performed using the histidine auxotroph strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537 and tryptophan auxotroph strain of Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA. The negative results of the bacterial reverse mutation test suggest that HM10411 does not induce mutation, in the genome of Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli under the conditions used. In addition, it has little clastogenicity either in vitro chromosome aberration test or in vivo micronucleus test. For in vitro chromosomal aberration test, Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells were exposed to HM10411 of 23, 46 or 92 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for 6 or 24 hours in the absence and for 6 hours in the presence of metabolic activation system. There was no significant increase in the number of aberrant metaphase in HM 10411-treated groups at any dose levels both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. The micronucleus test was carried out using specific pathogen free(SPF) 7-week old male ICR mice, The test item, HM10411 was intraperitoneally administered at 1150, 2300 or 4600 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg once a day for 2 consecutive days. There was no significant increase in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(PCEs) at any treated groups compared with negative control group. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the test item, HM10411, was not mutagenic under the condition of these studies.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic potential of dimethyl isophthalate (DMIP) using Ames bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test and mouse lymphoma $tk^{+/-}$ gene assay. As results, in Ames bacterial reversion assay, DMIP was tested up to the concentration of 5,000 ${\mu}g$/plate and did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA with or without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Using cytotoxicity test, the maximal doses of DMIP for chromosomal aberration assay were determined at 1,250 ${\mu}g/mL$, which was a minimum precipitation concentration ($IC_{50}>1,940\;{\mu}g/mL$ or 10 mM) and at 155 ${\mu}g/mL$ ($IC_{50}:155\;{\mu}g/mL$) in the presence and the absence, respectively, of S9 mix. DMIP in the presence of S9 mix induced statistically significant (P<0.001) increases in the number of cells with chromosome aberrations at the dose levels of over 250 ${\mu}g/mL$, when compared with the negative control. However, DMIP in the absence of S9 mix did not caused significant induction in chromosomal aberrant cells. In MLA, DMIP at the dose range of 242.5-1,940 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the presence of S9 mix induced statistically significant increases in mutation frequencies related to small colony growth, whereas any significant mutation frequency was not observed in absence of S9 mix. From these results, it is conclusively suggested that dimethyl isophthalate may be a clastogen rather than a point mutagen.