• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.372-382
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• 2022

Soybean is an important source of protein and for a wide range of agricultural, food, and industrial applications. Soybean is being affected by Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines, a causal pathogen of bacterial pustule disease, result in a reduction in yield and quality. Diverse microbial communities of plants are involved in various plant stresses is known. Therefore, we designed to investigate the microbial community differentiation depending on the infection of X. citri pv. glycines. The microbial community's abundance, diversity, and similarity showed a difference between infected and non-infected soybean. Microbiota community analysis, excluding X. citri pv. glycines, revealed that Pseudomonas spp. would increase the population of the infected soybean. Results of DESeq analyses suggested that energy metabolism, secondary metabolite, and TCA cycle metabolism were actively diverse in the non-infected soybeans. Additionally, Streptomyces bacillaris S8, an endophyte microbiota member, was nominated as a key microbe in the healthy soybeans. Genome analysis of S. bacillaris S8 presented that salinomycin may be the critical antibacterial metabolite. Our findings on the composition of soybean microbiota communities and the key strain information will contribute to developing biological control strategies against X. citri pv. glycines.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.802-807
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• 2002

본 실험은 초산균인 Glwonncetobacter hansenii에 의해 코코넛 배지에서 생성된 막인 bacterial fiber가 흰쥐의 장 전반과 소장의 이당류 효소활성 및 체내 지질상태에 미치는 영 향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 흰쥐를 0.5% 콜레스테롤 식이로 사육하였으며 섬유소원으로 bacterial fiber를 식이의 2%로 첨가 하였으며, 효과를 비교할 실험군들에게는 섬유소원으로 식물성 cellulose와 pectin을 같은 수준으로 식이에 첨가하여 사육 하였다. 실험 4주간 동안 식이섭취량 및 체중 증가량은 세군간에 차이가 없었다. 소장의 길이, 무게 등은 군간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 소장점 막 sucrase활성이 bacterial fiber군에서 감소하였고, maltase 활성도 감소하는 경향이었다. 맹장의 무게가 bacterial fiber군에서 증가하였으나, 결장의 무게에는 영향이 없었고, 결장 내용물 및 건조분변량이 감소하였다 혈장 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 세군중에서 pectin군이 유의적으로 낮았고 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 반대로 pectin군에서 높았다. 혈장과 간조직의 중성지방 함량은 모두 bacterial fiber군에서 다른 군들에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았다. 간조직 콜레스테롤 함량은 pectin군에서 낮았다. 간조직의 상대적 무게는 군간에 차이가 없었고, 혈장 GOT 및 GPT 활성도 bacterial fiber군에서 다른 두 군에 비하여 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과, 실험에서 사용한 bacterial fiber는 체내의 중성지방 수준을 낮추어 지질 상태를 개선 할 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주어 이에 대한 기전과 이 작용의 활용에 대한 연구가 요망된다. 본 실험에서는 콜레스테롤 및 소장의 구조와 소화효소에는 큰 영향을 주지 않았으나 사용하는 섬유소의 수준을 보다 높이거나 다른 섬유소와 복합적으로 사용하는 경우, 또 동물의 나이에 따라 다른 결과가 도출될 수도 있으리라고 사료되어 앞으로의 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.325-338
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• 2020

The animal gut is filled with highly diverse microbes associated with host metabolism, physiology, and pathology. However, numerous animal gut microbes have not been cultured or reported. We isolated various bacterial species using culture-dependent approaches during a comprehensive investigation of endangered endemic vertebrate species in the Republic of Korea. A total of 18 unrecorded bacterial species were isolated from the feces of an Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana), and from the intestinal tracts of a cobitid fish (Kichulchoia multifasciata) and a Korean splendid dace (Coreoleuciscus splendidus). Based on a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, we discovered species belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria (eight species), Firmicutes (seven species), Proteobacteria (two species), and Bacteroidetes (one species). Based on their high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (>98.7%) and formation of monophyletic clades with type species, each species was classified into an independent and predefined bacterial species. Gram-stain reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and NIBR IDs for each species are described in the species description section.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1921-1929
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• 2021

Objective: The intestinal microbiota enhances nutrient absorption in the host and thus promotes heath. Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep is an important livestock raised in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; however, little is known about the bacterial microbiota of its intestinal tract. The aim of this study was to detect the microbial characterization in the intestinal tract of the Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Methods: The bacterial profiles of the six different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep were studied using 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing. Results: A total of 2,623,323 effective sequences were obtained, and 441 OTUs shared all six intestinal segments. The bacterial diversity was significantly different among the different intestinal segments, and the large intestine exhibited higher bacterial diversity than the small intestine. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Patescibacteria were the dominant phyla in these bacterial communities. Additionally, at the genus level, Prevotella_1, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 were the most predominant genus in duodenal segment, jejunal and ileal segments, and cecal, colonic, and rectal segments, respectively. We predicted that the microbial functions and the relative abundance of the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented in the intestinal segments of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Conclusion: The bacterial communities and functions differed among different intestinal segments. Our study is the first to provide insights into the composition and biological functions of the intestinal microbiota of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Our results also provide useful information for the nutritional regulation and production development in Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2023

Bacterial communities inhabiting islands play a vital role in the functioning and formation of a unique, isolated ecosystem. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of systematic research on the indigenous microbiological resources of the islands in Korea. To excavate microbial resources for further studies on the metabolism and biotechnological potential, a standard dilution plating was applied to coastal seawater samples collected from islands along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula, including Deokjeokdo, Baengnyeongdo, and Daebudo in 2022. A total of 2,007 bacterial strains were isolated from the samples as single colonies and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. A total of 20 strains, with ≥98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to bacterial species having validly published names but not reported in Korea, were designated as unrecorded bacterial species in Korea. The unrecorded bacterial strains were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to four phyla, five classes, 12 orders, 17 families, and 18 genera. The unreported species were assigned to Algimonas, Amylibacter, Notoacmeibacter, Roseibium, and Terasakiella of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Alteromonas, Congregibacter, Marinagarivorans, Marinicella, Oceanospirillum, Psychromonas, Thalassotalea, Umboniibacter, and Vibrio of the class Gammaproteobacteria; Lutibacter and Owenweeksia of the class Flavobacteriia; Paenibacillus of the class Bacilli; and Pelagicoccus of the class Opitutae. The taxonomic characteristics of the unreported species, including morphology, biochemistry, and phylogenetic position are provided in detail.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1985

Urine contains protein and nucleic acid(urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, amino acids), various organic and inorganic materials, vitamin, hormone, enzyme etc. The examination of gualitative or quantitative change of the above mentioned materials and picking up the abnormal materials are useful to diagnose diseases. The test strip for examination of urine is applied to the routine test, monitoring of medical therapy and recurrence, self monitoring, and screeing in preventive medicine. We have been using multitest strip for checking the bacterial infection(nitrite), PH, protein, glucose, ketone body, urobilinogen, bilirubin and occult blood. So it is possible to diagnose three groups of diseases as follows, abnormal metabolism of the carbohydrate, diseases of kidney and other urogenital system, diseases of hepatobiliary system and hemolytic disease causing abnormal metabolism of bile juice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1217-1225
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• 2015

Chicken is a major food source for humans, hence it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in nutrient absorption in chicken. In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the microbiota plays a central role in enhancing nutrient absorption and strengthening the immune system, thereby affecting both growth and health of chicken. There is little information on the diversity and functions of chicken GIT microbiota, its impact on the host, and the interactions between the microbiota and host. Here, we review the recent metagenomic strategies to analyze the chicken GIT microbiota composition and its functions related to improving metabolism and health. We summarize methodology of metagenomics in order to obtain bacterial taxonomy and functional inferences of the GIT microbiota and suggest a set of indicator genes for monitoring and manipulating the microbiota to promote host health in future.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1996

After rutin(50-1500 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats, the relationship between its metabolites and mutagenicity was investigated. Quercetin conjugates were detected in the urine of rats treated with more than 150 mg/kg. Administration of rutin less than 100 mg/kg resulted in phenolic acid-like metabolites. However, intact rutin was not detected in the urine of rats treated with different amounts. When rutin was cultured with human intestinal bacteria, the amount of quercetin was increased gradually with a corresponding decrease in the level of rutin and then quercetin was decreased gradually with a corresponding increase in the level of unidentified compounds. The ring fission bacterium of quercetin of was Pediococcus Q-05. These results suggest that rutin could be metabolized and transformed from mutagenic to nonmutagenic by intestinal bacteria in human intestine.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 1990

In the course of operating the accommodative and detoxifying mechanism against cadmium, its physio-biochemical changes were observed in Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 10031. Changes of enzyme activity concerned phosphate metabolism, changes of phospholipid composition and in view of energy metabolism the changes of the nucleotide pool were examined. Activities of both alkaline and acid phosphatase were derepressed 4-10 folds under cadmium added cultures. Moreover, production of phospholipid such as lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC), phosphatidyl serine (PS) and phosphatidyl ethanolamone (PE) was increased and uridylate nucleotide pool was increased under Cd-surplus culture. These results i.e. overproduction of phosphatase catalyzing phosphate residue, increase of the production of PE and PS which have a close affinity with cadmium, and indrease of uridylate nucleotide pool used as a carrier of polysaccharide synthesis like bacterial capsule exhibited cellular responses for active defence against Cd-pressure. It was postulated that these phenomena should play another assistant roles in Cd-detoxifing mechanism.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2011

Toxicokinetics of Korean Traditional Medicines(TKM) is the description of what rate TKM will enter the body and what happens to it once it is in the body in terms of toxicology. However, it is not easy to understand TKM toxicokinetics because of various factors such as a mixture of 2-30 kinds of herbal materials containing thousands of chemicals, and complex chemical properties. For these reasons, little is known about toxicokinetics of TKM. This study was aimed to characterize and review the absorption, distribution and metabolism of korean traditional medicines in a view of toxicokinetics. For this aim, some of korean traditional medicines were reviewed on a basis of drug-drug interaction, biotransformation and intestinal metabolisms by bacteria. As the factors affecting mainly on toxicokinetics of TKM, individual herbal material's degree of lipophilicity and metabolic rate, and decoction components according to different kinds of herbal materials were considered. Other factors such as intestinal pH and bacterial activity for metabolism affecting on TKM toxicokinetics, especially in small intestine. It would be a better way for improving the adverse or poor effects caused by TCM if the factors affecting on toxicokinetics of TKM is considered.