• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2011

By employing Environmental Input-Output Table 2005, which has 76 intermediate sector and 21 energy sources, this paper analyses the flow of energy demand and $CO_2$ after estimating an induced $CO_2$ emissions from 76 industrial sectors. Index of $CO_2$ intensity($CO_2/GDP$) and other index of $CO_2$ intensity($CO_2/calory$) showed that final demand sector uses more high calory energy source. Intermediate sector used less environmental friendly energy source and emit more $CO_2$ at same calory. Industries those has high induced $CO_2$ emissions are Thermal Power($32.587CO_2-g/Won$), Cement($10.370CO_2-g/Won$), Road Transportation($7.255CO_2-g/Won$), Cokes and Other Coal Products($5.791CO_2-g/Won$), Steam and Hot water supply, Sewage, Sanitary services($4.575CO_2-g/Won$). It is shown that industry such as Iron and Steel which has low $CO_2$ intensity, high backward linkage effect and high forward linkage effect makes high induced $CO_2$ emissions. Environmental load and $CO_2$ emissions in overall economy will decrease when not high $CO_2$ intensity industry but also low $CO_2$ intensity industry makes lower $CO_2$ intensity.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.99-106
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• 2016

Purpose - The antecedent to the relationship between the effect of the characteristics of strategic alliances and the performance of container liner shipping companies has been investigated in this study as container liner shipping companies' strategic alliances. It affects positively and negatively home, partner, and the third parties' performance in container liner shipping companies. Extensive literature reviews on shipper's strategic alliances reveal that strategic alliances in financial and non-financial performance of container liner shipping companies show the performance such as economic effects, business performance, global supply chain management performance, customer satisfaction, and forward integration and backward integration performance. The purpose of this study is to test empirically that the relationship between the characteristics of strategic alliances and financial and non-financial performance in container liner shipping companies. Structured equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the hypothesis using AMOS statistics program. Most previous researches focused on the relationship between the characteristics of strategic alliances and alliance types. There are few empirical studies that focus on business performance data because it is difficult to collect data in container liner shipping companies. However, this research measures financial and non-financial performance differently compared with the previous researches focusing on the characteristics of strategic alliances and alliance types measurements. Research design, data, and methodology - The conceptual model for the study is based on the studies of Lim (2010), Chen & Zhen (2009), and Wang & Meng (2014). The model is built around the factors of characteristics of strategic alliances and business performance. Cost, marketing, and service factors are regarded as proxy for the characteristics of strategic alliances. The financial and non-financial performance are regarded as proxy for the performance of strategic alliances. Based on the analysis of one hundred cases such as forwarder, shipper, and liner shipping companies, this study uses structural equation modeling to verify the effects of the characteristics of strategic alliances on business performance. Conclusions - This study provides container liner shipping companies to get some policy and practical implications in terms of the characteristics of strategic alliances and business performance. First, the cost factor for alliances characteristics has a positively significant influence on the financial and non-financial performance of strategic alliances. The cost factor relationship between high and low performance group does not have a significant difference on the performance of strategic alliances. Second, the marketing factor of alliances characteristics has a positively significant influence on the financial and non-financial performance of strategic alliances. The high performance group's marketing factor has a great non-financial performance than low performance group, but the low performance group's marketing factor has a grater financial performance than high performance group factor does. Third, the service factor of alliances characteristics has a negative influence on the non-financial performance of strategic alliances. The high performance group's service factor has a great non-financial performance than low performance group. Based on the findings from this study, related implications and future avenues deserve to be discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.175-193
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• 2010

This paper has two objectives. One is to understand status of the distribution industry in Korea and compare it with industrialized countries. The other is an attempt to apply input-output(I-O) analysis to investigate the economic impacts of the distribution industry in the national economy for the year 2008. In the economy as a whole, the distribution industry represented about around 15 per cent employment and accounted for near 8 percent in GDP. The employment portion of the distribution in overall industry is almost same that of US, UK, and Japan, but shared portion in GDP is at least 3 per cent below these countries. Next, a static I-O framework is employed, focusing on two topics in its application. First, the impacts of the product or investment in the distribution industry on the product, value-added, and employment of other sectors are explored by using demand-driven model. Second, the national economic impacts of the distribution industry in Korea are looked into by using open model and inter-industry analysis. It can be summarized that the distribution industry has a high production-inducing effect, more worker and employment-inducing effect, a high forward and a low backward linkage effect. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.393-398
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• 2005

An electromechanical type is the most useful mechanism in the various pumping mechanisms. It, however, requires a movement converting system including a ball screw, a helical cam, or a solenoid-beam spring, which makes the device complex and may lessen reliability. Thus, the authors have hypothesized that an electromagnetic actuator mechanism can eliminate the movement converting system and that thereby enhance the mechanical reliability and operative simplicity of an electro­pneumatic pump. The purpose of this study was to show a novel application of electromagnetic actuator mechanism in pulsatile pump and to provide preliminary data for further evaluations. The electromagnetic actuator consists of stators with a single winding excitation coil and movers with a high energy density neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet. A 0.5mm diameter wire was used for the excitation coil, and 1000 turns were wound onto the stators core with parallel. A prototype of extracorporeal electro-pneumatic pump was constructed, and the pump performance tests were performed using a mock system to evaluate the efficiency of the electromagnetic actuator mechanism. When forward and backward electric currents were supplied to the excitation coil, the mover effectively moved back and forth. The nominal stroke length of the actuator was 10mm. The actuator dimension was 120mm in diameter and 65mm in height with a mass of 1.4kg. The prototype pump unit was 150mm in diameter, 150mm in thickness and 4.5kg in weight. The maximum force output was 70N at input current of 4.5A and the maximum pump rate was 150 beats per minute. The maximum output was 2.0 L/minute at a rate of 80bpm when the afterload was 100mmHg. The electromagnetic actuator mechanism was successfully applied to construct the prototype of extracorporeal electro­pneumatic pump. The authors provide the above results as a preliminary data for further studies.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.211-230
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• 2016

First this research starts with agreement that comics is 'the sequential art'. It means that over two sequential panels makes how to recognize the story and this research owes to the connection of forward panel and backward panel. Webtoon, internet comics is also consisted to sequential panels. But only it is different with the publish comics by direction, shape, length and so on. So this research tries to make point of the connection between first panel and second panel. Especially it researches what types of connections between the last panel of first episode and the first panel of second one beyond the connections of panels at only episode. This research treats the types of gutter, 'connection' means to continue the same scenes or 'separation' does to devide the story and shows the new scenes. Weekly webtoon must have a kind of break time. The first panel of next episode should remind of the former story, it means easy technique. Otherwise some first panel don't show the same scenes or story so this study researches 130 artworks from the portal sites; Naver, Daum, mobile comics platform; Lezhin Comics and Toptoon, Corea.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 1992

The Mathematical Model, which can describe the maneuvering motion of a ship in low speed, is highly required these days because it is directly related to the safety of ship in confused harbour. Kose has presented a new model for the low speed maneuvering motion, but the usefulness of it is not confirmed widely. Lets of difficulties are revealed in the case of low speed maneuver, The first is the fact that a ship moves the stirred water region for the longer time than in the case of high speed. So, the hydrodynamic forces, exerted on the hull need to be treated strictly, not by the ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients. Another difficulty is arised from the fact the lateral motion is relatively large comparing to the longitudinal motion in low speed. And, by the result the effect of cross-flow drag or vortex sheding effects are dominant. Besides, the captive model tests of low speed motion has lots of problems. For example, the hydrodynamic forces do not converge to a certain values for the long time. And the absolute values of measured forces are very small, so we must expend lots of efforts to raise up the S/N ratio of the experiments. In this paper, a new mathematical model for the maneuvering motion in low speed, is built up, and the usefulness is discussed, comparing with other models, for example, Kose's model or M.M.G. model or Cross-Flow model, The CMT data for a PCC model of 3.00 M length, released from the RR-742 of Japan, are used for the validation of each models.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.240-247
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a rubber-crawler type vehicle as a traveling device for harvesting water-dropwort cultivated in water contained paddy rice field in winter season. Methods: A commercial rubber-crawler type vehicle was used to investigate application of rubber crawler to the paddy rice field as preliminary test. As the result of the preliminary test, a both prototype traveling device with rubber crawlers for a water-dropwort harvest was designed with inclination of $45^{\circ}$ at the front-end and rear-end of crawler under the basic water depth of 0.6 m in the paddy rice field. The device was fabricated and attached to the experimental harvesting test devices on the front of the prototype vehicle. The size of the prototype crawler vehicle with a harvesting part is $2,800{\times}1,460{\times}1,040 $ (mm) ($L{\times}W{\times}H$) with weight of 9.21 kN (maximum). Sizes of the crawler of prototype vehicle are ground contact length of 900 mm, width of 180 mm, height of 1,070 mm and distance between center to center of crawlers of 720 mm. The side-overturn angle of the prototype was $26.4^{\circ}$. Results: Driving performance of the prototype vehicle in water contained paddy field were good at both forward and reverse (backward) directions as weights were applied. The drawbar pull and the maximum sinking depth of the prototype vehicle were 3.5 kN and 0.13 m respectively at water depth of 0.5 m, when the weight and bearing capacity of the prototype rubber crawler in the paddy field were 8.51 kN and 26.3 $kN/m^2$, respectively. Conclusions: Results of the driving test performance of the prototype crawler in paddy rice field at the water depth of 0.5 m were satisfactory. The prototype had enough drawbar pull and driving ability in the deep water contained paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.542-548
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• 1989

For the selective separation of proteins, the solubilization and desolubilization of proteins in sodium-di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (AOT)-isooctane reverse micellar system were investigated. Protein solubilization increased with increasing the concentration of AOT to 200 mM and then decreased above that concentration. Protein was solubilized into reverse micelles in the pH range below the isoelectric Point of each protein, pH 4-10 for lysozyme and pH 5-6 for trypsin and ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$, Lysozyme, trypsin and ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ were efficiently extracted in the precence of KCl and NaCl while larger molecular weight proteins such as pepsin and BSA had high solubilization with $CaCl_2$. At higher ionic strength all proteins exhibited murk less tendency to solubilize and the increase of ionic strength resulted in the decrease of micelle size. Lysozyme was successfully back transfered at pH 12.2 and 1.0M KCl; trypsin at pH 12.6 and 0.5M KCl; and ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ at pH 6.7 and 0.5M KCl. In a test group separation experiments, complete separation of lysozyme from BSA could be obtained.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1984

The terrestrial UV flux rapidly increased in late spring, as measured by the chemical actinometry at two elevations (near sea level and 1,100m above sea level) on Jeju Island. More intense UV fluxes were observed at higher altitudes. Any harmful effects of solar UV-B on the growth of soybean were not detected in UV-B-exclusion experiment. To ascertain the effect of UV radiation on vegetative growth, intact (㏖ wt 124000) and large (${\sim}120000$) phytochromes were irradiated with UV-B radiation. In intact phytochrome, the Pfr form accounts for 60% of the total phytochrome under stationary state conditions, whereas it accounts for 50% in large phytochrome. Calculated quantum yields for the forward and the backward phototransformations of phytochrome by UV were ${\phi}r=0.016$ and ${\phi}fr=0.010$ in intact phytochrome, and ${\phi}r={\phi}fr=0.012$ in large phytochrome, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 1973

The ultrasonic absorption of Dodecyl pyridinium bromide (D.P.B.) in aqueous solution has been measured at $20^{\circ}C$ over a range of frequencies between 0.1 mc and 90 mc and a range of concentrations from 5 to 100 mM. The excess absorption was observed only in the solutions the concentration of which was higher than the critical micellar concentration (c.m.c.) both in the presence and absence of salt. The excess absorption of sound and the relaxation frequencies obtained from the absorption curves show a discontinuity with the variation of the concentration of D.P.B. in the neighborhood of 60 mM. Other properties such as viscosity, conductivity and velocity of sound also exhibit such a change near the same concentration. It is concluded that a change in the properties of the micelles of D.P.B. occurs in the neighborhood of this concentration. The mechanism of the observed ultrasonic excess absorption in attributed to the reaction $M_2{\rightleftarrow}M_1+2Br^-$where$M_2$ and$M_1$are two types of micelles. The rate constants of forward and backward reactions are found to be $6.9 {\times} 10^5 sec^{-1)$and $6.7{\times}10^{10}sec^{-1}mole{-2}$ respectively. Some kinetic characteristics including free energy, enthalpy, entropy and activation energy were calculated.