• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.729-736
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 비음수 행렬 분해 필터 뒷단에 위너필터를 추가하여 배경음 분리 성능을 향상하는 방법을 제안한다. 배경음이 혼재된 음성 신호의 경우 비음수 행렬 분해 기법으로 1차 분리된 신호에는 아직 완전히 분리되지 못한 부분이 잔류할 수 있다. 이러한 경우 위너필터에 의해 잔류하는 신호의 크기에 비례하여 줄여줄 수 있어 배경음 분리 또는 저감 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 실험을 통해 위너필터를 추가한 경우가 비음수행렬 분해 기법만 적용한 경우에 비해 저감 효과가 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2003

These days, the researches related with the emotional robots are actively investigated and in progress. And human language, expression, action etc. are merged in the emotional robot to understand the human emotion. However, there are so many sound sources and background noise around the robot, that the robots should be able to separate the mixture of these sound sources into the original sound sources, moreover to understand the meaning of voice of a specific person. Also they should be able to turn or move to the direction of a specific person to observe his expression or action effectively. Until now, the researches on the localization and separation of sound sources have been so theoretical and computative that real-time processing is hardly possible. In this reason for the practical emotional robot, fast computation should be realized by using simple principle. In this paper the methods for detecting the direction of sound sources by using the phase difference between peaks on spectrums, and the separating the sound sources by using fundamental frequency and its overtones of human voice, are proposed. Also by using these methods, it is shown that the effective and real-time localization and separation of sound sources in living room are possible.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 1996

The sleeplessness in childhood is quite different from that in adulthood in terms of causes, developmental process, and treatment. Sleep behavior in childhood is strongly influenced by parental personality and familial and cultural background. In understanding and management of sleeplessness of children, it is especially important to understand the separation anxiety and the ways of its management in bedtime because bedtime routine with children one of separation process from parents. Co-sleeping, parental intervention, transional object and bedtime routines can be appeared in order to reduce the anxiety from bedtime separation. Causes of sleeplessness in infant and toddler are bad sleep-onset association, nocturnal drinking, colic, and food allergy. In preschool and school aged children, limit-setting sleep problem and fears and nightmare can be causes of sleeplessness. When good sleep environment and habits are established sound sleep and more mature personality can be developed.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2020

Sound event detection in real-world environments suffers from the interference of non-stationary and time-varying noise. This paper presents an adaptive noise reduction method for sound event detection based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). In this paper, we proposed a deep learning model that integrates Convolution Neural Network (CNN) with Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). To improve the separation quality of the NMF, it includes noise update technique that learns and adapts the characteristics of the current noise in real time. The noise update technique analyzes the sparsity and activity of the noise bias at the present time and decides the update training based on the noise candidate group obtained every frame in the previous noise reduction stage. Noise bias ranks selected as candidates for update training are updated in real time with discrimination NMF training. This NMF was applied to CNN and Hidden Markov Model(HMM) to achieve improvement for performance of sound event detection. Since CNN has a more obvious performance improvement effect, it can be widely used in sound source based CNN algorithm.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.592-602
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• 2003

본 논문은 오디오를 동반한 방송 서비스에 있어서 기존의 단순 청취형의 오디오 서비스에서 탈피한 대화형의 객체 기반 3차원 오디오 방송 시스템의 구조를 설명한다. 객체기반 3차원 오디오 방송 시스템은 3차원 오디오 입력부, 3차원 오디오 편집/제작부, 3차원 오디오 부호화부, 3차원 오디오 복호화부, 3차원 오디오 장면합성부 및 3차원 오디오 재생부로 구성된다. 오디오 입력부에서는 3차원 배경음 객체와 독립적인 오디오 객체들을 획득한다. 편집/제작부에서는 오디오 객체들에 대한 3차원 음상정위 및 오디오 이미지 생성을 위한 파라미터를 설정하고, 이들을 조합하여 3차원 오디오 장면을 편집/제작한다. 부호화부에서는 장면정보와 오디오 객체들을 부호화하고, 복호화부에서는 오디오 객체들을 복원하고 장면정보를 획득한다. 장면 합성부에서는 장면정보와 오디오 객체들을 이용하여 오디오 장면을 구성한다. 3차원 오디오 재생부에서는 3차원 오디오 객체들 재생하고, 사용자의 제어신호를 이용한 대화형 기능을 구현한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

Background: The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) was developed to measure of gait-related activities. The FGA was translated in Korean but only a few psychometric characteristics had been studied. Objects: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of FGA scale using Rasch analysis. Methods: The study included 120 patients with stroke (age range=30~83 years; mean${\pm}$standard deviation=$58.3{\pm}11.1$). The FGA and Berg Balance Scale were performed, and were analysed for dimensionality of the scale, item difficulty, scale reliability and separation, and item-person map using Rasch analysis. Results: The 4 rating scale categories of FGA were satisfied with optimal rating scale criteria. The most items of the FGA showed sound item psychometric properties except 2 items ('gait with the horizontal head turns', and 'gait with narrow base of support'), and the 2 misfit items were excluded for all further analyses. The 8 items were arranged in order of difficulty. The most difficult item was 'gait with eyes closed', the middle difficult item was 'gait level surface', and the easiest item was 'gait with vertical head turns.' A person separation reliability was .93 and the person separation index was 3.57. Conclusion: This study suggests that the 8-item Korean FGA are valid measure of assess the gait-related balance performance, and to set the goal of rehabilitation plan in patient with stroke.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2012

Water Culture Pavilion was constructed as a part of dam construction and Four-major rivers restoration projects, which have the purpose to prevent damage of natural disaster, localized heavy rain and drought, and has several functions; promotion, education and region culture community. Exhibition space in this culture pavilion should have the excellent connection of various media, contents, and exhibition space because of limited space. The purpose of this study is to analyze flows, continuation and connection of exhibit space with the perspectives of the attribute of water and to suggest various content things, technical, spatial types. This study targets Four-major rivers Water Culture Pavilion in Korea and suggests exhibition presentation methods as analyzing contents, media and constituent of exhibition space for each pavilion exhibition. The result of this study is as follows : First, the circulation is common expressed attribute of water in these four water culture pavilion. The reason is that there is a connection between Four-major rivers restoration projects and the physical attribute of water circulating the steps of evaporation, condensation and precipitation. Second, each pavilion presents circulative solid exhibit, circulative background exhibit, circulative reflective exhibit based on circulation. These three types of exhibition is related the floor separation. Third, each pavilion exhibit zone shows the most circulation, solid, background, reflexibility through educational contents and promoting contents by using graphic, video, sound media.