• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2012

Monitoring sunspots consistently is the most basic step required to study various aspects of solar activity. To achieve this goal, the observers must regularly calculate their own correction factor $k$ and keep it stable. Relatively recently, two observing teams in South Korea have presented interesting papers which claim that revisions that take the yearly-basis $k$ into account lead to a better agreement with the international relative sunspot number $R_i$, and that yearly $k$ apparently varies with the solar cycle. In this paper, using artificial data sets we have modeled the sunspot numbers as a superposition of random noise and a slowly varying background function, and attempted to investigate whether the variation in the correction factor is coupled with the solar cycle. Regardless of the statistical distributions of the random noise, we have found the correction factor increases as sunspot numbers increase, as claimed in the reports mentioned above. The degree of dependence of correction factor $k$ on the sunspot number is subject to the signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, we conclude that apparent dependence of the value of the correction factor $k$ on the phase of the solar cycle is not due to a physical property, but a statistical property of the data.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 1981

The author aimed at clarifying the background variables that influence on the interpersonal behavior of youth, and getting the data for comprehensive guidance programs of youth in high schools and industries. In this study the author samples academic high school boys and girls, attached high schools boys and girls to industries and laboring youths. the Scale of interpersonal behavior was administered to the youths sampled as above and the data were analysed accounting to groups, sex, and religious. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The most important factor influenced the interpersonal behavior of youth was identified as social environment. That is, the youths in industries or students attached high school to industries showed more prominent characteristics in interpersonal behavior patterns. Then industrial environment effects more on the youth's behavior than school environment. 2. Sex differences were identified is in interpersonal behavior of youths. Boys are more managerial and autocretice, more cooperative, more docile, more self-efacing, more aggressive and more aggressive and more resistant than girls. But in christian group there found no sex differences is interpersonal behavior. 3. Religion was thought to be one of the most important influencing factor to the interpersonal behavior .But in this study there found no realistic effects, of religion on the interpersonal behavior as much as though of. 4. But according to the denominations, christianity was found to influences more on the interpersonal behavior of youths than Buddhism.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.165-184
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify factors which predict and discriminate women' reemployment. 288 married women whose careers had been interrupted for more than 1 year and 287 married women who re-entered into the labor market within 5 years were surveyed. Collected data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. In the personal factor(reemployment need), proximal context factors(career barriers, family support and expectation for reemployment) and background context factors(SES, family life cycle), background context factors were revealed not to predict significantly women's reemployment. Secondly, in the case of proximal context factors, it was found that 'expectation of family members for reemployment' and 'sharing family care' had strong effects on reemployment. And compared with interrupted women, reemployed women were less likely to perceive career barriers. Specifically, they showed lower expectation to their job and status which they would achieve, less perceived gender/age discrimination in labor market, and had more confidence that they could find a job. Finally, with regard to the personal factor (reemployment need), the lower women had self-actualization need, the higher economic need, and the higher social need, it was highly likely to classify into reemployed women. We discussed the way to improve reemployment of career interrupted women based on above mentioned findings.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2023

The localized surface-plasmon resonance has drawn great attention, due to its unique optical properties. In this work a general theoretical description of the dipole mode is proposed, using the forced damped harmonic oscillator model of free charges in an ellipsoid. The restoring force and driving force are derived in the quasistatic approximation under general conditions. In this model, metal is regarded as composed of free charges and bound charges. The bound charges form the dielectric background which has a dielectric function. Those free charges undergo a collective motion in the dielectric background under the driving force. The response of free charges will not be included in the dielectric function like the Drude model. The extinction and scattering cross sections as well as the damping coefficient from our model are verified to be consistent with those based on the Drude model. We introduce size effects and modify the restoring and driving forces by adding the dynamic depolarization factor and the radiation damping term to the depolarization factor. This model provides an intuitive physical picture as well as a simple theoretical description of the dipole mode of the localized surface-plasmon resonance based on free-charge collective motion.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between physical factors (X-factor, X-factor stretch) and club factors (club speed, ball speed, club path, smash factor, vertical launch angle, spin rate, flight time, total length) during impact and it affect on the total distance of the ball during a golf driver swing. Background : There were not enough studies that analyzed the correlation between physical factors(X-factor, X-factor stretch) and club factors(club speed, ball speed, club path, smash factor, launch angle, spin rate, flight time, total length) during a purpose swing to increase total distance. Method : For this study, 9 right handed professional male golfers (KPGA) were chosen. The test subject group used their own drivers and each took a total of 10 swings. These swings consisted of 5 purpose swings to increase total distance and 5 normal swings. Results : The purpose swing to increase total distance showed larger physical factors(X-factor, X-factor stretch) compared to a normal swing however the results were not statistically significant. Total distance increased during a purpose swing as a result of ball and club speed. Conclusion : The results showed that club factors, ball speed and club speed contributed the most in affecting the total distance of the ball during a purpose swing.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2018

Oxidation of Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim, and Enrofloxacin by ozone was experimentally investigated to observe the effects of background water quality (such as ultrapure water, humic acid, and biologically treated wastewater) and water temperature on the removal rate of these antibiotics, and, thereby, to be able to provide design information when the ozone treatment process is adopted. Initial concentrations of the antibiotics spiked to $10{\mu}g/L$, and the ozone dose was 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 mg/L. While the removal rate of Ciprofloxacin under ultrapure water background by ozone oxidation was over 99%, the removal rate under humic acid and biologically treated wastewater background was markedly lower, in the range of 49.3% ~ 99% and 19.8 % ~ 99 %, respectively. When water temperature is decreased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, the removal rate is reduced from the range of 19.8% ~ 99 % to the range of 7.5 % ~ 99 % under a biologically treated wastewater background. The effects of background and temperature on the removal rate of Trimethoprim and Enrofloxacin were similar to that of Ciprofloxacin, but the degree was different. Therefore, it is concluded that the background of water to be treated, as well as water temperature, should be taken into consideration when the design factor, such as ozone dose, is determined, so that the treatment objective of the ozone treatment process can be most effectively met.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2015

Recently, with the rapid advancement in information and computer vision technology, a CCTV system using object recognition and tracking has been studied in a variety of fields. However, it is difficult to recognize a precise object outdoors due to varying pixel values by moving background elements such as shadows, lighting change, and moving elements of the scene. In order to adapt the background outdoors, this paper presents to analyze a variety of background models and proposed background update algorithms based on the weight factor. The experimental results show that the accuracy of object detection is maintained, and the number of misrecognized objects are reduced compared to previous study by using the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2017

Oxidation of erythromycin, sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole by ozone was experimentally investigated to see the effects of background water quality such as ultrapure water, humic acid and biologically treated wastewater and water temperature on the removal rate, consequently to provide design information when the ozone treatment process is adopted. Initial concentration of the antibiotics was spiked to $10{\mu}g/l$ and ozone dose was 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 mg/l. While the removal rate of erythromycin under ultrapure water background by ozone oxidation was over 99%, that under humic acid and biologically treated wastewater background was markedly reduced to the range of 59.8%~99% and 17.0%~99%, respectively. When water temperature is decreased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, the removal rate is reduced from the range of 17.0%~99% to the range of 9.4%~97.4% under biologically treated wastewater background. The effects of background and temperature on the removal rate of sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole were similar to erythromycin, but the degree was different. Therefore, it is concluded that the background of water to be treated as well as water temperature should be taken into consideration when the design factor such as ozone dose is determined to meet the treatment objective in the ozone treatment process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2016

Due to the rapid economic development of Korea, the bridge have been built by government over the several years. Additionally, there are too many mountain and river and the bridge have been built in rural area. But bridge designers weren't considering the bridge landscape. And bridge was a negative factor in regional landscape. Because of this, this study surveyed the landscape preferences of rural bridge landscapes according to different bridge types. The results were summarized as follows: And this research include conducting a study on visual preference according to the bridge's type and background. And, the landscape of arch bridge in the river 1 is landscape of the highest preference. The the landscape of girder bridge in the river 2 is landscape of the lowest preference. In the river 1 and 2 landscape, high preference is observed in the arch bridge and low preference is noted in the girder bridge. In the mountain 1 and 2 landscape, high preference is observed in the cable-stayed bridge and low preference is noted in the girder bridge. In conclusion, the visual preference of bridge landscape depend on the background and bridge shape, the study said. Therefore, when bridge designer design the bridge, designer have to choose proper bridge shape according to the background. This research was conducted only in bridge landscape of rural area but the visual preference of bridge landscape can be changed according to the various background. And further research is needed to analyze visual preference of bridge landscape according to the various background.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.291-299
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• 2015

This study analyze empirically how the characteristics of a venture business' founder and company development stage will affect on B2B transactions and business management difficulties based on "2012 Survey of Korea Venture Firms". According to this study, there are different frequencies of difficulties in B2B transactions depending on the founder's age and educational background as well as different recognitions about business management difficulties with considering the founder's age, educational background, major and other factors. It is analyzed that in educational background factor, master's degree and in major factor, humanities and social science show comparatively frequent business management difficulties. On the other hand, it is analyzed that there is not meaningful difference in the recognition about the difficulty-frequency in B2B transactions in each company growth stage. It is considered that the difficulties occur frequently in every company growth stage but, these types of difficulties are solved routinely. At the Exit phase, however, there is high recognition about business management difficulties as the transaction with the companies in this stage is avoided.