• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Sirtuins (SIRTs) play important roles in cellular and organismal homeostasis. They have distinct gene expression patterns in various cancers; however, the relationship between SIRT expression and the progression of thyroid cancer is unclear. We investigated the expression of SIRTs in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and their role as biomarkers for predicting the aggressiveness of this disease. Materials and Methods: We used immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in tumor specimens from 270 patients with PTC. We also evaluated the potential association between SIRT expression and diverse clinicopathological features. Results: High SIRT1 expression was negatively correlated with lymphovascular invasion, central lymph node metastasis, and lateral lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analyses revealed that high SIRT1 expression was a negative independent risk factor for lateral lymph node metastasis. By contrast, high SIRT3 expression was positively correlated with locoregional recurrence. Interestingly, when patients were grouped by tumor SIRT expression patterns, the group with low SIRT1 expression and high SIRT3 expression was correlated with more aggressive cancer phenotypes including central lymph node metastasis and lateral lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SIRTs play dual roles in tumor progression, and the combination of decreased SIRT1 expression and increased SIRT3 expression is significantly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with PTC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3519-3524
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• 2014

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. It has been hypothesized that Oct4 positive radioresistant stem cells may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Hence, we evaluated Oct4 expression in ESCC in pre-treatment, post neo-adjuvant residual and post-surgical recurrent tumours. Materials and Methods: Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were used to study Oct4 expression and the observations were correlated with histological tumor grades, patient data and clinical background. Results: All patients presented with dysphagia with male predominance and a wide age range. Majority of the patients had intake of mixed diet, history of alcohol and tobacco intake was documented in less than half of the patients. Oct 4 expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated (PDSCC) and basaloid (BSCC) subtypes than the other better differentiated tumor morphology. Oct4 was also expressed by adjoining esophageal mucosa showing low grade dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Biopsies in PDSCC and BSCC groups were more likely to show a positive band for Oct4 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dysplasia and BCH mucosa also showed Oct4 positivity by PCR. All mucosal biopsies with normal morphology were negative for Oct4. Number of tissue samples showing Oct4 positivity by PCR was higher than that by the conventional immunohistochemistry (p>0.05). Oct4 expression pattern correlated only with tumor grading, not with other parameters including the clinical background or patient data. Conclusions: Our observations highlighted a possible role of Oct4 in identifying putative cancer stem cells in ESCC pathobiology and response to treatment. The implications are either in vivo existence of Oct4 positive putative cancer stem cells in ESCC or acquisition of cancer stem cell properties by tumor cells as a response to treatment given, resulting ultimately an uncontrolled cell proliferation and treatment failure.

• 대한간호
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• 제20권5호통권113호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1981

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2003

Background: Intracellular antibody specific to hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) might be useful for studying the role of HBx in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and HBV replication. Methods: With variable region genes for H7 monoclonal anti-HBx Ab, we constructed a vector for bacterial expression of single chain Ab (scFv) and a vector for eukaryotic cell expression of it. The expression of H7 scFv and its binding activity against HBx was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: H7 scFv expressed in bacterial cells retained reactivity to HBx. We demonstrated its intracytoplasmic expression in CosM6 eukaryotic cells. Conclusion: This is the first study showing the expression of intracellular anti-HBx Ab in eukaryotic cells. H7 scFv may be a good tool to study the function of HBx in HBV infection.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2006

This study was begun on the premise that architecture which has the definite disposition for survival even in the urban, social structure of that uncertainty and constructs specialty is biomorphic architecture. This study was made with the following four specific purposes largely. First, through the theoretical investigation of biomorphic architecture that appears in the tendency that mordern architecture develops into the architecture of do-stereotype and new form, its meaning and definition are examined. Second, the analysis of biomorphic architecture is investigated and the generation causes are applied architecturally and generate biomorphic architecture is made. Third, by analyzing the material expression characteristics of biomorphic architecture, the meaning and possibility of architecture, which expresses the vitality of organism, as the material expression characteristics of biomorphic architecture, are investigated. The material expression characteristics was deduced through the generation background of biomorphic architecture. The material expression characteristics of biomorphic architecture is the various modeling by smart-network and the response system of sensitivity poly-logue.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1657-1662
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• 2017

Facial expression recognition systems using video devices have emerged as an important component of natural human-machine interfaces which contribute to various practical applications such as security systems, behavioral science and clinical practices. In this work, we present a new method to analyze, represent and recognize human facial expressions using a sequence of facial images. Under our proposed facial expression recognition framework, the overall procedure includes: accurate face detection to remove background and noise effects from the raw image sequences and align each image using vertex mask generation. Furthermore, these features are reduced by principal component analysis. Finally, these augmented features are trained and tested using Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The experimental evaluation demonstrated the proposed approach over two public datasets such as Cohn-Kanade and AT&T datasets of facial expression videos that achieved expression recognition results as 96.75% and 96.92%. Besides, the recognition results show the superiority of the proposed approach over the state of the art methods.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.517-521
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• 2013

Background Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The formation of ROS induces oxidative stress and activates oxidative damage-inducing genes in cells. No research has been published on oxidative damage-related extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protein levels in human diabetic skin. We investigated the expression of EC-SOD in diabetic skin compared with normal skin tissue in vivo. Methods The expression of EC-SOD protein was evaluated by western blotting in 6 diabetic skin tissue samples and 6 normal skin samples. Immunohistochemical staining was also carried out to confirm the EC-SOD expression level in the 6 diabetic skin tissue samples. Results The western blotting showed significantly lower EC-SOD protein expression in the diabetic skin tissue than in the normal tissue. Immunohistochemical examination of EC-SOD protein expression supported the western blotting analysis. Conclusions Diabetic skin tissues express a relatively small amount of EC-SOD protein and may not be protected against oxidative stress. We believe that EC-SOD is related to the altered metabolic state in diabetic skin, which elevates ROS production.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2011

Background: B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) is primarily expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells, and stimulates B cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and Ig production. In the present study, we explored the effect of activin A on BAFF expression by APCs. Methods: To investigate the effect of activin A on BAFF expression by mouse APCs, we measured the level of BAFF expression at the transcriptional and protein levels using RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: Activin A markedly enhanced BAFF expression in mouse macrophages and dendritic cells at both the transcriptional and protein levels. SB431542, an activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4) inhibitor, completely abrogated activin A-induced BAFF transcription. Furthermore, overexpression of DN-Smad3 abolished activin-induced BAFF expression at the transcriptional and protein levels. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that activin A can enhance BAFF expression through ALK4-Smad3 pathway.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Heat shock protein(HSP) 27 is a member of the small HSP family that plays a part in the epithelial cell growth and differentiation, wound healing. apoptosis and cell protection against inflammatory cytotoxic mediators. The expression of HSP27 was investigated in normal laryngeal tissue and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Materials and Methods : We studied expression of HSP27 by Western blot on 20 patients of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Results： HSP27 expressed in all normal and cancer tissues. In 9 cases(45%), expression of HSP27 more prominent in cancer tissue. Statistically, there were no significant difference in the expression of HSP27 in normal and cancer tissue, clinical stage and tumor differentiation. Conclusion 45% of cancer tissues was more prominent than normal tissue. But further studies on expression of HSP27 in laryngeal cancer and relationship with clinical parameter should be done.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1037-1041
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• 2013

Background: Prognostication of breast cancer using clinico-pathologic variables, although useful, remains imperfect. Recent research has focused on finding new markers of prognosis using gene expression profiling. Panels of proteins assessed by immunohistochemistry might also be useful in this regard. This study focused on Bcl-2 protein expression in triple-negative (TNBC) and non- triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) with correlation to clinico-pathologic variables. Materials and methods: We analyzed Bcl-2 expression in 77 women with primary breast carcinoma divided into two groups; triple-negative and non- triple-negative according to expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptors (Her2/neu). Bcl-2 expression was assessed in relation to age, histo-pathological subtype, grade, nodal status and tumor size. Results: Bcl-2 was expressed in 74% of triple-negative breast cancers and 70% of non- triple-negative cancers. In TNBC, expression was significantly correlated with invasive ductal subtype, while in non-TNBC it was significantly correlated with age and negative nodal status. In both groups higher Bcl-2 expression associated with favourable prognostic factors in breast cancer, but no significant statistical correlations were found. Conclusions: Frequency of Bcl-2 expression does not differ between TNBC and non-TNBC, but different prognostic factors correlate with Bcl-2 in the two cases.