• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2016

Audiometric calibration is a prerequisite for securing the reliability of audiometric test results by checking the internal consistency of the relevant instrument. The purpose of this review is to help instrument operators understand the calibration procedure of aural acoustic immittance instrument which is frequently used for objective assessment. By referring to the latest international standards and the national standards relevant to the aural acoustic immittance instrument, the following parameters will be reviewed: 1) introduction of performance characteristics, 2) detailed procedure of the calibration method. According to the newest international and national standards [IEC 60645-5 (2004), ANSI S3.39-1987 (R2012)], the aural acoustic immittance instrument basically includes six components: 1) calibration cavity, 2) acoustic immittance analysis system, 3) probe assembly/unit and signal, 4) pneumatic air-pressure pump system, 5) acoustic reflex activator system and 6) tympanogram and acoustic reflex plotting system, each of these components should meet set standards. The result of behavioral hearing tests is influenced by various complex factors including the examinee's cooperation, background noise of the examination room, measurement method, skill level of the audiologist and calibration status, but the objective hearing tests is more influenced by the calibration status of the instrument than any other factors. The audiologist should take full responsibility for the reliability of the hearing test result, so he/she should carry out the calibration check and adjustments of aural acoustic immittance instrument periodically and maintain the instrument continuously by referring to the newest standards and the manufacturer's instruction manual.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1993

국내 가압 경수로는 핵연료 재장전후 해당 주기 노심핵설계의 타당성 및 안선 제한치의 만족 여부를 확인하기 위하여 저출력에서 노물리 시험을 수행한다. 그러나 고리 3호기 7주기를 포함한 일부 저출력 노물리 시험 중 step 반응도를 삽입한 후에도 반응도가 서서히 증가하는 기이한 현상이 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 시험시 중성자속 준위가 낮고 노외 핵계측기로 비보상형 전리함을 사용하기 때문에 감마 background가 존재하여 생기는 것이다. 이로 인해 노물리 시험 결과는 많은 오차를 포함할 수도 있는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 반응도가 증가하는 현상을 정량적으로 분석하고 기준 제어봉 제어능 측정 시험을 모사함으로써 노물리 시험 결과의 오차를 줄일 수 있는 방법을 제시하고 이후의 노물리 시험에 적용하여 확인하였다. 또한 감마 background 준위를 산정한 후 중성자속 준위를 조정하여 기준 제어봉 제어능 측정 시험을 통해 감마 background의 영향을 받지 않는 중성자속 준위를 결정하였다. 결정된 중성자속 준위는 핵가열이 발생하는 중성자속의 3/10이다. 이것은 기존의 상한치보다 3배 증가된 것이다. 이 결과는 고리 4호기 7주기 및 영광 1호기 7주기 노물리 시험에 성공적으로 적용되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.427-430
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 화재에 의한 인적물적 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 조기에 화재를 영상처리 기법을 이용하여 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 인공조명으로 부터 화염을 판별하기 위해 화염의 고유한 색정보를 이용하여 화염후보영역을 판별하고 화염후보영역이 아닌 경우는 배경과 현재 프레임의 밝기차이와 채도를 측정하여 연기후보영역을 판별한다. 그러나 단순한 밝기 및 색체 정보만으로 화염이나 연기로 판별할 경우 오인식할 경우가 많아 화염 및 연기 후보영역에 대해 움직임을 측정한다. 각 후보영역에 대해 전형적인 움직임이 검출되면 최종적으로 화염인 경우는 활동성 정보를 이용하여 화염으로 판별하고 연기인 경우는 경계검출법을 적용하여 최종 연기 영역을 검출한다. 제안하는 방법에 대해 실제 CCTV 카메라의 영상신호에 적용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 효과적으로 화염과 연기를 동시에 검출할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.32.1-32.10
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• 2023

Background: Although many studies have been conducted on worker fatigue and sickness absence, the association between fatigue and sickness absence is unclear in Korean workers. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of worker fatigue on future sickness absence. Methods: The study was conducted on workers who received medical check-ups at a university hospital for two consecutive years (2014-2015). During check-ups in the first year, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to assess fatigue levels, and during check-ups in the second year, sickness absence was surveyed to determine whether they had been absent from work due to physical or mental illness during previous 12 months. The χ² test was used to analyze relationships between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, fatigue levels, and sickness absence. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression analysis controlled for confounding factors. Results: A total of 12,250 workers were included in the study, and 396 (3.2%) workers experienced more than one day of sickness absence during the study period. Adjusted ORs for sickness absence were 3.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.64-4.28) in the moderate-fatigue group and 6.87 (95% CI: 4.93-9.57) in the high-fatigue group versus the low-fatigue group. For men in the moderate- and high-fatigue groups, adjusted ORs for sickness absence were 3.40 (95% CI: 2.58-4.48) and 8.94 (95% CI: 6.12-13.07), and for women in the moderate- and high-fatigue groups, adjusted ORs for sickness absence were 2.93 (95% CI: 1.68-5.10) and 3.71 (95% CI: 1.84-7.49), respectively. Conclusions: Worker fatigue is associated with sickness absence during the following 12 months, and this association appears to be stronger for men than women. These results support the notion that sickness absence can be reduced by evaluating and managing work-related fatigue.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.443-447
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• 2014

토양 시료 중에 극미량의 $^{134}Cs$ 방사능 농도는 지각 기원자연방사성 핵종들에 의한 background의 영향 및 피크간의 중첩 및 간섭으로 구분하기가 어렵다. 감마선 분광학에서 참 피크의 식별은 피크의 모양이 대체로 Gaussian임을 고려하여 smoothing에 의해 통계적 요동을 감소시켜 보거나 피크의 폭이나 솟아오름의 정도를 검사하거나, 저에너지 tailing 현상에 대한 함수를 추가하거나 Gaussian 함수자체를 변형시켜 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러므로 스펙트럼 분석에 대한 정보와 지식이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.193-210
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• 2013

China has emerged as the world's factory since the economic reform in 1987, and the Chinese economy has been growing at a rapid pace. Now, China is considered as one of the biggest markets in the world. Thus, many Korean IT service companies including open market operators have interests in expanding their business into China. However, to be successful in Chinese online shopping market, Korean open market operators should check the cultural differences between the online shoppers in Korea and China at first, Under this background, this study proposes the factors affecting user satisfaction in open market services based on the revised Delone and McLean model. Then, it investigates the differences in the effects of these factors across Korea and China. For empirical analysis, we collected the survey data from open market users in both countries, and applied multiple regression analysis to the data. As a result, we found significant differences between Korean and Chinese open market users. Also, we found that most of these differences could be explained using Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions theory. The findings of this paper imply that Korean and Chinese users may respond differently to IT services, though Korea and China are geographically close and share a similar cultural background.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

공공장소에서의 유기물은 의도적 공공테러를 목적으로 폭발물이나 화학물질 등을 포함할 수 있기 때문에 일단 가능한 위험물로 반드시 다루어져야 한다. 공항이나 기차역과 같은 대형 공공장소에서는 전체 영역을 감시하는 모든 모니터를 점검할 보안 인력을 유지하는데 있어서 비용적 측면의 한계가 있게 마련이다. 이것이 비전 기술에 기반한 위험 유기물의 자동 검사 시스템을 개발하여야 하는 기본적 동기이다. 이 연구에서는 잘 알려진 DBE 기법을 적용하여 배경 이미지를 안정적으로 추출하는 것을 보이며, HOG 알고리즘을 적용하여 물체 분류에 있어서 사람과 물건을 구분하는 기능을 구현하였다. 제안된 시스템의 유효성을 보이기 위하여 감시 지역의 한 실내 환경에 대해 금지구역 침범을 탐지하고 유기물에 대한 경보를 발생하는 실험을 수행하였다.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.306-309
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• 2002

A superconducting CICC (Cable-In-Conduit-Conductor) is adopted the KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) superconducting magnet system which consists of 16 TF coils and 14 PF coils. For the test of KSTAR CICC, an ambient magnetic field of $\pm$ 8 T With a maximum change rate of 20 T/s is required and a background-field magnet system is being developed for SSTF (Samsung Superconductor Test Facility). The CICC for PF1~5 is used as the conductor for background-field coils to check the validity of the PF CICC design. Two pieces of cables have been fabricated and the cable has the length of 870 m and the diameter of 20.3 mm. A continuous CICC jacketing system is developed for the KSTAR CICC fabrication and the jacketing system uses the tube-mill process, which consists of forming, welding, sizing and squaring procedures. The design specification of CICCs and the fabrication process is described.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.12-24
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• 1997

One argument of this study is that the policy to handle and landscape of cultural and historical property had to do with people's visual preferences. This study seeks to investigate people's visual preferences toward the landscape of cultural /historical property, specifically dealing with 'Namdaemun', which is the first class cultural property of Korea. People's visual preference was specifically examined into the four specific concepts : 'visual identity','harmony','beauty of the target property', and 'overall beauty'. Two objective variables, such as, 'distance' between the viewer and the cultural property, and 'height' of background buildings were considered possible predictors of the four visual preference variables. Photos of 'Namdaemun' were taken at three different directions and at three different distances. The photographed images of 'Namdaemun' were transferred ito the digitalized graphic images, where the height of background buildings was artificially changed and simulated. The simulated visual images were taken into the slides again. A total of 59 students of the Department of Landscape architecture at Seoul City University were sampled as subjects. A series of 17 slides were shown to the subjects four times. The subjects were asked to check their preference ratings concerning the four concepts on a 7-point Likert scale. The results found in this study were as follows : 1) In the results of ANOVA, it was clear that people visually preferred the view where the height of background buildings were lower than 15 floors to the view of more than 15 floors . 2) From the results of the path analysis, it was found that 'harmony','visual identity' and 'beauty of the target property' were direct predictors of 'the overall beauty'. The 'height ' of background buildings and the viewer's 'distance' were not found to be direct predictors, however, they demonstrated their effects on 'the overall beauty' through the other variable, which were direct predictors of 'the overall beauty'. In sum, the longer the distance and the higher the background buildings, the lower people's preference with the 'overall beauty'. These indirect paths, in turn, also explain why and how the 'height' of background buildings and the viewer's 'distance' negatively influence the 'overall beauty'. An implication from the these results is that when the height of background buildings were not controllable, there would be some other strategies for improving people's visual preference toward the historical /cultural view. To increase 'visual identity' of the cultural property, for example, changing colors of the cultural property or increasing the lighting level, etc., would be one strategy, since the increased 'visual identity' will, in turn, increase 'the overall beauty'.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate rural residents' health status and lifestyle before inputing the health promotion services in CHP post juridiction area. For the survey. questionaire survey was done during the period from September 1993 to October 1993. Questionare was composed 14 items of general characteristics and 12 items of health age. Respondents were 119 residents among 300 residents in a rural area. For the analysis. descriptive statistics were used by calculating frequencies. percentages and $x^2-test$ Were employed to test the differences and the statistical significance. The major results are as follows; 1. Characteristics of the objects: The sex $61.0\%$ of female. the age was $36.0\%$ of over the fifties. the educational background was $47.4\%$ of elementary graduation. the marital status was $94.9\%$ of married and the monthly income was $35.3\%$ of less than 600,000 won. 2. Health status of the objects; Hepatitis antibody was possessed only $6.2\%$. hypertension was $27.3\%$. pulse rate and disease status were. for the most part, normal. 3. Health care status of the objects: They didn't use $74.1\%$ of medical services for the two weeks and regular health check-up. 4. Health behavior of the objects: The diet was $78.1\%$ of intaking meats and fish below 4 times for 1 week, no smoking was $66.1\%$. drinking was $70.83\%$ below two and half times for 1 week, life satisfaction was $21.8\%$. stress management was $41.5\%$ and exercise for health was $25.2\%$. 5. Experience of common cold for 3 years was $46.2\%$. hypertention by sex was $8.7\%$ of males and $19.4\%$ of females and diabetus was $1.7\%$ 6. Helth behavior by educational background didn't do in low educational background. 7. Health age of the objects was $62.3\%$ of $+1\~+4$ than actual age.