• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2005

In discrete red and black, you can stake any amount s in your possession, but the value of s takes positive integer value. Suppose your goal is N and your current fortune is ${\Large\;f},\;with\;O<{\Large\;f}. You win back your stake and as much more with probability p and lose your stake with probability, q=1-p. In this study, we consider optimum strategies for this game with the value of p less than ${\frac{1}{2}}$ where the house has the advantage over the player. It is shown that the optimum strategy at any ${\Large\;f}$ is the DBold strategy which is to play boldly in discrete red and black when $p<{\frac{1}{2}}$. And then, we perform the simulation study to show that this strategy, which is to bet as much as you can, is optimal in discrete case.

• 한국정보보호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보보호학회 1997년도 종합학술발표회논문집
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• pp.265-273
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• 1997

Intranet is an enterprise network using Internet protocols as communication standard and HTML as content standard. The Internet is like a house built on information water. It has a lot of strong points as a future enterprise network. However, companies wish to have confidence in its functional and economic effectiveness and security before adopting it. The security issue especially is a problem to solve inevitably. Enterprises will hold back to adopt Intranet unless there are enough security counter plans and countermeasures against vulnerabilities of Intranet(it is the wise decision !). Nevertheless the researches related to Intranet has been concentrated on techniques for building it. In this paper, we focus the security aspect of Intranet. Intranet security must be considered on the whole from structure design to users' services. We propose a security-based Intranet structure and security management system.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2005

This study is analysis for adjacent structures and ground movement by deep excavation work. Underground Inclinometer has shown that deformation of increment is minor within to allowable limit. According to the measurements result of slope and crack for adjacent structures, a detached house showed bigger than hospital structure to deformation of increment. Variation of underground water level didn't effect so much to ground and adjacent structures movement because underground water flows in rock and didn't give the water press to propped walls. Measurement data of strut variation is within tolerance limit. Because excavation site's wall was strengthened suitably. This study will contribute in establishment of measurement standard and information-oriented construction during deep excavation in multi-layered ground including rock masses.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.683-691
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• 2002

In a game called red and black, you can stake any amount s in your possession. Suppose your goal is 1 and your current fortune is ｆ, with 0 < f < 1. You win back your stake and as much more with probability p and lose your stake with probability, q = 1- p. Ahn(2000) considered optimum strategy for this game with the value of p less than $\frac{1}{2}$ where the house has the advantage over the player. The optimum strategy at any f when p < $\frac{1}{2}$ is to play boldly, which is to bet as much as you can. In this paper we perform the simulation study to show that the Bold strategy is optimum.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2013

계화기법(界畵技法)으로 그린 '전라구례오미동가도(全羅求禮五美洞家圖)'를 통해 운조루(雲鳥樓) 살림집의 공간배치계획과 경관 기법을 고찰한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, '오미동가도'는 창건주 류이주(柳爾?)가 용천부사로 재임할 때(1782년) 설계도면을 보내 집을 짓게 하였다는 점, 정형화된 풍수적 사신사 구조의 자리잡기와 기본계획도 성격이 농후한 점, 그리고 합각지붕이 1804년에 솟을대문으로 중수되었다는 점 등을 고려하면 운조루 창건시기(1776~1783년)에 제작되었을 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 운조루는 지리산 노고단(祖山)과 형제봉을 주산(主山)으로, 오봉산(案山)과 계족산(朝山)을 안대로 자리했는데, 동쪽으로 흐르는 동방천(外明堂水)을 표현하는 등 배산임수 풍수국면을 설득력 있게 표현하고 있다. 셋째, 운조루는 직교 축선에 위계를 설정하여 품(品) 자형 건물군이 5영역으로 분화된 구조인데, 바깥뜰 외원과 뒤뜰 후원을 갖춘 5동(棟) + 6마당(庭) + 2원(園)의 토지이용체계를 가진다. 넷째, 심미성과 풍수적 화기비보(火氣裨補)를 겸한 바깥뜰(외원)의 조성은 연못(방지원도형)을 중심으로 유교와 도교적 관념 등 상징적 경물(景物)을 대입시켜 지속 가능한 생태정원을 구축하고 있다. 다섯째, 사랑마당에는 화계(花階)와 화오(花塢)를 가꾸었고, 괴석, 학과 매화나무, 소나무, 위성류, 초화류 등 조경 요소를 활용하여 선경의 이상세계를 구축함은 물론 정심수를 도입하는 등 형이상학적 상징성을 엿볼 수 있다. 특히, 사랑채 누마루에서 조망되는 원경과 중경, 그리고 앙부(仰俯) 경관 등 자연의 경(景)이 내부로 관입되거나 외부로 확장되는 차경(借景)과 관경(觀景)의 미를 발견할 수 있다. 여섯째, 북쪽 담장 밖의 소나무 총림과 조산(造山)은 주거환경의 쾌적성 제고 측면은 물론 풍수적 채움의 미학이 고려된 전통조경기법 사례라 하겠다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2014

Hong Kong, a well-known metropolis characterized by skyscrapers on both sides of the Victoria Harbour, consists mainly of 3 parts, namely the Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon peninsula and the New Territories (N.T.) which is the land area north of Kowloon plus a number of outlying islands. Located in the N.T. are all the new towns, market towns; and in the plains and valleys lie scattered village houses of not more than 3 storeys within the confines of well-defined village. These village houses are governed by a rural housing policy that could be traced back to the very beginning of the former British administration in the N.T. By the Convention of Peking of 1898, the N.T., comprising the massive land area north of Kowloon up to Shenzhen River and 235 islands, was leased to Britain by China for 99 years from 1st July 1898. Soon after occupation, the colonial government conducted a survey of this uncharted territory from 1899 to 1903, and set up a land court to facilitate all land registration work and to resolve disputed claims. By 1905, the Block Crown Leases with Schedule of Lessees and details of the lots, each with a copy of the lot index plan (Demarcation Plan) were executed. Based on the above, Crown rent rolls were prepared for record and rent collection purposes. All grants of land thereafter are known as New Grant lots. After completion and execution of the Block Crown Lease in 1905, N.T. villagers had to purchase village house lots by means of Restricted Village Auctions; and Building Licences were issued to convert private agricultural land for building purposes but gradually replaced by Land Exchanges (i.e. to surrender agricultural land for the re-grant of building land) from the early 1960's until introduction of the current Small House Policy in October 1972. It was not until the current New Territories Small House Policy came into effect in December 1972 that the Land Authority can make direct grant of government land or approve the conversion of self-owned agricultural land to allow indigenous villagers to build houses within the village environs under concessionary terms. Such houses are currently restricted to 700 square feet in area and three storeys with a maximum height of 27 feet. An indigenous villager is a male descendent of a villager who was the resident of a recognized village already existing in 1898. Each villager is only allowed one concessionary grant in his lifetime. Upon return of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China on July 1st, 1997, the traditional rights of indigenous villagers are protected under Article 40 of the Basic Law (a mini-constitution of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region). Also all N.T. leases have been extended for 50 years up to 2047. Owing to the escalating demand and spiral landed property prices in recent years, abuse of the N.T. Small House Policy has been reported in some areas and is a concern in some quarters. The Hong Kong Institute of Land Administration attempts to study the history that leads to the current rural housing policy in the New Territories with particular emphasis on the small house policy, hoping that some light can be shed on the "way forward" for such a controversial policy.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2013

Korean Government has developed Sejong City as a new administration city. This city of future was planned and designed toward one of the most eco-friendly city on the basis of ICTs. To attain this object, a carbon emission monitoring system (CEMS) was designed and installed as a part of u-city service which provides various information anytime and anywhere to enrich the people's quality of life. In this paper, at first, the structure and functions of CEMS are introduced. This system is consist of 5 parts - data collection from user and linked public DBs, transforming data into meaningful information for the policy makers, system-user interfacing via statistical tables and graphs, and system maintenance. This system can be operated by the citizen participation through whole the process. With the help of GIS map and graphic interface, statistics of monitored data for both citizen and decision maker provided and after feed-back, they have affected on the behaviour of citizen's energy consumption and related policy as well. By the CEMS, energy consumption data of 124 agreed households were collected during 9 months in 2012. Electricity, gas and water consumption were remote-metered automatically by the system and analysed. This showed that more than 85% of CO2 emission is rely on electricity usage. Furthermore, number of family members and size of house influences on the emission of CO2 by each household together with the life-style of the occupants. Electricity and water consumption showed the seasonal factor while gas consumption represents the number of family members. Even this paper has limitations caused by 9 months of data collection, it shows the policy directions to reduce the emission of CO2 focusing on the house size and number of family members of each households. With the result of this research, life-style of the generation of dwellers should be investigated and the CO2 emission characteristics of other housing type as well for the data building for future policy making.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.356-360
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• 2014

The environmental pollution caused by green-house gases such as $SF_2$ has been becoming the main issue of industrial society. As a part of these efforts, 180 countries signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to cut back on their green-house gas emissions [1]. Therefore, a study on the dielectric characteristics of the $GN_2$ is important for designing a eco-friendly high voltage apparatuses. In this paper, to develop an electrically reliable, stable, and eco-friendly high voltage apparatus, the breakdown voltage and partial discharge inception voltage characteristics in $GN_2$ considering utilization factors are studied for the establishment of insulation design criteria of an high voltage apparatus. Dielectric experiments are performed by using several kinds of sphere-plane electrode systems made of stainless steel. Also, the dielectric characteristics of the $GN_2$ are analyzed by using a Finite Elements Method (FEM) according to various field utilization factors. The results are expected to be applicable to designing the high voltage apparatuses using $GN_2$ as an insulation gas.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권8호
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• pp.1560-1565
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• 2011

The environmental pollution caused by green-house gases such as $CO_2$ and $SF_6$ has been becoming the main issue of industrial society. Many developed countries are making efforts to minimize the amount of $CO_2$ emission come from the operation of high voltage electrical apparatuses. As a part of these efforts, 180 countries signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to cut back on their green-house gas emissions. Nowadays, the study on the development of dry air insulated switchgear (DAIS) which is known as an eco-friendly electrical apparatus is in progress. A DAIS is advantageous for minimizing the effect of impurities and enhancing the dielectric characteristics over an air insulated switchgear (AIS) by applying constant pressure to an enclosed cubicle. Therefore, a study on the electrical insulation performance of dry air as a gaseous insulation medium is conducted in this paper to substitute a gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for DAIS. As results, it is verified that the AC dielectric characteristics of dry air are similar to those of air and the lightning impulse dielectric characteristics of dry air are superior to those of air at 1bar pressure condition. However, dry air is of inferior dielectric characteristics to $SF_6$ at 4bar pressure condition. Finally, it is suggested that the internal pressure of DAIS should be over 4bar pressure to develop a high voltage switchgear which has similar electrical performance to a conventional GIS. Also, the empirical formulae on calculating the maximum electric field intensity at sparkover of dry air are deduced by experiments according to pressures. It is expected that these results are helpful to design and develop a high voltage electrical apparatus.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is 1) to clarify that the house is no long the safe place through the cases of the senior safety accidents and to argue the need for housing repair and 2) to present the minimum standards for housing repair by comparing the cases here as well as the abroad and to back up the standards with the current senior housing environment 300 people at least 60 years old living in Seoul$\cdot$Metropolitan area were interviewed using the structured questionnaire. As the result, the following conclusions were made: 1. There was high accident rates of the senior residents due to physical deficits within the house, causing excessive medical cost and decreased housing satisfaction. This problem can be sufficiently prevented by housing repair which can not only solve the safety problem but also support self sufficient living for the senior residents. 2. Proper housing repair required the architectural know how as well as the expertise knowledge of the physical characteristics of the senior people. Therefore, it is essential to secure the professional (i.e., occupational therapist) who can analyze the needs of the senior residents and evaluate and/or predict the obstacles during repair. Furthermore, development and distribution of the standardized manual are also needed. 3. The minimum standard for housing repair could be approached in view of 'barrier-free' concept. First, the bumps should be removed, slippery prevented, and safety grab-bar installed for safety. Second, the entrance should be widened and the bathroom and kitchen restructured to support for the senior residents' self sufficiency. To make housing repair policy more efficient, the legal basis is required. It can be incorporated into the existing senior citizens 'Welfare Act' or the 'Senior Residents Medical Insurance' which will be effective starting in 2007.