• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.647-653
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the lower extremities muscle activation between squatting exercise with gym ball and wall for improving muscle strengthening in lower extremities. METHODS: Participants were 21 university students (males 10, females 11) who didn't have any problem with orthopedic surgery. Participants performed squatting exercise with gym ball and wall. Squatting exercise with gym ball were performed using by gym ball behind back, and the gym ball were fixed in back and wall. We asked participants to push back the gym ball slightly to prevent fall of ball. Wall squatting exercise, we ask participants to contact their back in wall slightly in order to prevent trunk flexion during performed squatting exercise. Each squatting exercise had performed until knee joint were flexed at 60 degree, and maintained five seconds. We collected data from E.M.G of Biceps femoris, Gastrocnemius, Vastus medialis and lateralis, Tibialis anterior of lower extremity in isometric phase of knee joint angle 60 degree of each squatting exercise. We analysed data using by ANOVA and independent t-test of SPSS PC ver.20.0 in order to compare the muscle activation between squatting exercise with gym ball and wall. RESULT: All of lower extremities muscle activation showed more higher value in squatting exercise with gym ball than squatting exercise with wall, especially there was significantly difference of muscle activation in vastus medialis, tibialis anterior between squatting exercise with gymball and with wall. CONCLUSION: On comprehensively considering the results of the present study, we suggested that squatting exercise with gym ball was more effective method improving lower extremity muscle strengthening.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1105-1110
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• 2012

The spine is one of the most important skeletal joints, and it strongly affects the health of the musculoskeletal system. A normal spine has an S-shape, and it is very important to maintain this shape. Recently, spinal diseases such as low back pain have increased rapidly, especially among the elderly. Some of these diseases are caused by congenital spinal disorders and sporting and accident injuries as well as by bad postures. Improper spinal postures could generate excessive disc pressure, which is related to degeneration and pain. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the three-dimensional kinematic parameters of the thoraco-lumbar joint in several bad postures using a motion capture analysis technique. Different bad postures created a significant amount of flexion/extension, side bending, and axial rotation angle compared with neutral postures. Further study is necessary to investigate the disc pressure and ligament force due to the increase in joint rotation from the bad postures.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2006

The isometric rehabilitation program was applied to 47 people of the aged low back patients(man 22 people, woman 25 people) twice a week for 8weeks. The Medx was used to study an effect on a change for extended strength ratio(ESR) according to a posture change. The isometric ESR at each flexion angle ($0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\circ}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ})$ was measured total 3times("before excercise", "on 4th week after excercise", "8th week after excercise") and analyzed. So, we could come to a conclusion as follows. 1. The maximum extended strength measured at a range of 7 angles for an isometric excercise of 8 weeks increased than "before an excercise", including that men have an increase of 39.51% and women have 62.92% in training effect. All of men and women showed statistically significant increase in physical strength(p<.001).excercise") and analyzed. So, we could come to a conclusion as follows. 2. After an excercise of 8 weeks, man showed 62.17% at zero degree and 49.115% at 12 degree respectively in maximum extended strength. Women showed 106.6% at zero degree and 86.16% at 12 degree. In view of this, respectively man have increase rate of physical strength over 31% and women have over 46% at all angles, also have significant increase in extension angle(p<.001). 3. A change for isometric ESR have a decrease of 27.68% for men and 74.66% for women than before isometric excercise of 8 weeks statistically significantly(p<.05, p<.00l). Men showed 1.77:1 of a similar ratio in the decrease effect comparing with normal people, but women showed 225:1.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 1999

Background and Purpose. Objective measurements of hamstring muscle length are needed to quantify baseline limitations and to document the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Several indirect clinical tests for measuring hamstring muscle length are available, but influence of their test procedure is not well documented. The purpose of this study were 1) to describe hamstring muscle length as reflected by use of six tests(active straight leg raising(ASLR), passive straight leg raising(PSLR), passive straight leg raising with the lower back flat(PSLRB), active knee extension(AKE), passive knee extension(PKE), hip joint angle(HJA). 2) to examine the correlation among the tests. Subjects, Sixty subjects(30 men. 30 women) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years(mean 20.2 years) and with no limitation hamstring flexibility and no neurological and orthopedical problems. Methods. All subjects performed six tests. A inclinometer was used to determine the end point of range of motion. HJA was measured using an inclinometer placed over the sacrum. PSLRB were tested PSLR with the low back flat and the opposite thigh slightly flexed and support on pillows. Results, A mean ASLR value of 85.9 degrees, PSLR value of 99.9 degrees, PSLRB value of 109.8 degrees, AKE value of 77.2 degrees PKE value of 83.1 degrees and HJA value of 73.0 degrees were obtained for all subjects. A dependent t-test showed significant difference between the angles of ASLR and PSLR(p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the angles of PSLR and PSLRB(p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the angles of AKE and PKE(p<0.001). The highest correlation was between PSLR and PSLRB(r=0.915, p<0.001). All SLR tests were significants related(p<0.001), as well as AKE and PKE(p<0.001). The lowest correlation was between PKE and HJA(r=0.171. p>0.05). Conclusion and Discussion. The results indicated that the hip flexion angles for ASLR, PSLR and PSLRB were a difference, and the knee extension angles for AKE and PKE were a difference.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.227-237
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of precision that kinematics had when short approach shots were taken. In this study, the subjects chosen were 5 skilled and 5 unskilled subjects, who were allowed to shoot 10 rounds of shots at target distances of 1m, 2m, 4m, and 8m. Three dimensional analysis was used as methods to obtain kinematics of each shots. In order to verify the statistical significance of the kinematic factors followed by the results of different skills and target distances, we used the two-way repeated ANOVA. The study was experimented within the level of p<.05. The results obtained were as follows: 1) the difference of shots of the forward and backward variations were larger than those of the left and right variations, the unskilled subjects' shot distances greatly got larger than that of the skilled subjects as the distance of the target increased, 2) not being affected by the target distance variations, the skilled subjects' rate of down-swing was shorter than the back-swing on short approach shots, 3) the skilled subjects' center of body weight tended to move more naturally towards the target when doing the down-swing to finish than that of the unskilled subjects on short approach shots, 4) the skilled subjects' right hand angle of cocking were narrower and tended to be kept much more consistent than that of the unskilled subjects on short approach shots, 5) the unskilled subjects when doing their back-swings, their right hips swayed towards the back, their trunk-flexion angles were shown to be lower than that of the skilled subjects on short approach shots, 6) the skilled subjects`body weight tended to move more naturally towards the left foot when doing the down-swing to finish than that of the unskilled subjects on short approach shots.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Background: We developed a novel integrative lumbar stabilization technique that combines lumbar extension (LE) exercise with abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) to ameliorate low back pain (LBP) associated with neuromuscular imbalance and instability, based on the collective evidence of contemporary spinal rehabilitation. Objects: The specific aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LE exercise with and without ADIM on core muscle strength, lumbar spinal instability, and pain, as well as functional characteristics in individuals with LBP using advanced radiographic imaging techniques. Methods: patients with mechanical LBP (N = 40, 6 males; $35.1{\pm}7.6years$) were recruited and randomly assigned either to the combined LE and ADIM (experimental group) or the LE alone (control group). Outcome measures included the visual analog scale, the modified Oswestry Disability Index, muscle strength imbalance (MSI), and radiographic imaging. The lumbar intervertebral displacement (LID), intervertebral (IV) and total lumbar extension (TLE) angles were calculated to evaluate the lumbar segmental instability. Results: The experimental group showed significant differences in the L3-L4, L5-S1 LIDs, L4-L5 and L5-S1 IV angles, and TLE angle as compared to the controls (p<.05). Immediate pain reduction and muscle strength imbalance ratio were significantly different between the groups (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the addition of ADIM significantly increased lumbar spinal stabilization in individuals with LBP, thereby reducing pain associated with functional lumbar flexion during daily activities.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Purpose:This study was designed to investigate difference in isokinetic muscle strength in the knee extensor muscle and characteristic differences in muscle strength between males and females through the ankle joint angles. Methods: Seventy-four subjects participated in this study. There were two groups: 36 males and 38 females. The mean age of the men was 24.58 years and women was 23.74 years. Subjects were seated on a CON-TREX LP (leg press) lean to back of chair, and there bodies were fixed by straps with the hip joint at an angle of $130^{\circ}$. After randomly fixing the ankle joint at $0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, and $40^{\circ}$ of plantar flexion (PF) in range of full extension of knee joint. We studied force max average, force max average/kg, power average, and total work through the angle of the ankle joint when the knee joint was extended from $90^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$. Results: In the male group, all maximum measured value showed at the ankle joint $0^{\circ}$, all minimum measured value showed at $40^{\circ}$ PF (p<0.01). In the female group, all maximum measured value showed at the ankle joint $20^{\circ}$ PF, especially the power average increased significantly. All minimum measured value showed $40^{\circ}$ PF (p<0.01). Conclusion: There are differences between males and females in isokinetic muscle strength of the knee extensor through ankle joint angles in healthy adults. Males and Females have different characteristics of muscle strength through the ankle joint angles.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2006

Objective : Herniation of Intervertebral Disc(HIVD) is the most common disease causing low back pain. Acupuncture and Bee Venom Acupuncture has been us ε d for treatment of HIVD. This study is to investigate the effective of Bee Venom Acupuncture for HIVD. Methods : We researched 18 patients who were diagnosed by CT and MRI as having HIVD, and treated them Acupuncture only or Acupuncture and Bee Venom Acupuncture. We compared the VAS and ROM angle of two groups. Results & Conclusions : 1. In admission date, no significant improvement between Acupuncture group and Bee Venom Acupuncture group 2. In variation of flexion and extension, Bee Venom Acupuncture group shows statistically significant improvement 3. In VAS, Bee Venom Acupuncture group shows statistically significant improvement for 1 week and discharge day

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

This paper presents a portable tele-assessment system designed for remote evaluation of the hypertonic elbow joint of neurologically impaired patients. A patient's upper limb was securely strapped to a portable limb-stretching device which is connected through Internet to a portable haptic device by which a clinician remotely moved the patient's elbow joint and felt the resistance from the patient. Elbow flexion angle and joint torques were measured from both master and slave devices and bilaterally fed back to their counterparts. In order to overcome problems associated with the network latency, two different tele-operation schemes were proposed depending on relative speed of tasks compared to the amount of time delay. For slow movement tasks, the bilateral tele-operation was achieved in real-time by designing control architectures after causality analysis. For fast movement tasks, we used a semi-real-time tele-operation scheme which provided the clinicians with stable and transparent feeling. The tele-assessment system was verified experimentally on patients with stroke. The devices were made portable and low cost, which makes it potentially more accessible to patients in remote areas.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

The purpose of study was to investigate the kinematic variables of Kenmotsu motion in Parallel bars. To this study, by 3 dimensional kinematical analysis of 4 male national gymnasts participants in the 28th Athens Olympic Game in 2004, kinematic data collected using video camera. Coordinate data were smoothed by using a fourth-order Butterworth low pass digital filter with cutoff frequency of 6Hz. The conclusions were as follows. 1. In P2, because the constrained swing movement made the movement of a rising back difficult7, the movements of Reg. were performed at low position after Air phase. 2. In E5 event, for the shake of a stable handstand and applied techniques like a Belle(E-value), a Belle Piked(super E-value), a vertical velocity in E2, a horizontal velocity in E3 and a vertical velocity in E4 were necessary for high velocities. 3. In E4 event, it was appeared that for a flexible body's movement of a vertical up-flight, the large angle of the shoulder joint and the flexion & extension of the hip joint were necessary in Air phase and a long flight time and vertical displacement made Reg. movements stable at the high position.