• Title/Summary/Keyword: Back Flashover

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Analysis of lightning surge on the 345kV Gas Insulated Substation (345kV GIS 변전소 뇌써지 해석)

  • Kim, Jae-Kwan;Lee, Jong-Beom;Cho, Han-Goo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.561-563
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    • 2003
  • This paper deals with simulation of lightning overvoltage generated by back flashover entering 345[kV] Gas Insulated Substation. In order to protect the substation equipment against lightning surge, insulation coordination is performed with the lightning arrester. This paper suggests optimal location of lightning arrester using the EMTP/ATPDraw to mere economically and effectively reduce the lightning surge incoming overhead lines.

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The Development of Lightning Outage Rate Calculation Program (송전선로 뇌 사고율 예측계산 프로그램 개발)

  • Kang, Yeon-Woog;Shim, Eung-Bo;Kweon, Dong-Jin;Kwak, Ju-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.22 no.10
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    • pp.118-125
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    • 2008
  • The outages of transmission lines give big damages to the industrial world Lightning outages occupy above 50[%] among the outages of transmission lines. To decrease the lightning outage rates, it is necessary to try countermeasures considering economical points. For the lightning protection of power transmission lines, it is very important to accurately predict the lightning outage rate because the reliability criterion for transmission line is normally specified as the number of flashovers per 100[km] per year. The phenomenon of an insulator flashover by a lightning stroke is a very complex electromagnetic event. And to calculate the lightning outage rates of transmission lines, so many calculation should be repeated because there are many overhead lines and power lines. Therefore it is necessary to develope a program for it. In this paper, we briefly introduce the basic concept for lightning outage calculation algorithm and the program.

Development of Firefighters' Personal Protective Clothing with Nomex Honeycomb Fabric and its Protective and Comfort Evaluation (노멕스 허니콤 구조 직물을 적용한 소방관용 특수방화복 개발 및 이의 보호 쾌적 성능평가)

  • Jung, Jae-Yeon;Ku, Ponjun;Kim, Do Hyung;Kwon, Min-Jae;Kang, Sungwook;Choi, Jeong-Yoon;Lee, Joo-Young
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.606-617
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    • 2019
  • The present study newly developed a firefighters' protective jacket and pants using a Nomex honeycomb structured layer (HPC) in cases of being exposed to flashover or flameover. This study evaluated the protective and comfort functions of an HPC compared to the current KFI firefighters' protective clothing (FPC). The results are as follows. First, thermal protective performance (TPP) of fabric layers was 2.75 times greater for HPC than FPC at $125kW/m^2$. Second, the predicted second and third degree burn areas were smaller for HPC than FPC when using a flame manikin. Third, thermal insulation using a thermal manikin was 0.2 clo greater for HPC than FPC. Fourth, there were no marked differences in maximal performance, mobility, and microclimate temperature/humidity between FPC and HPC through human wear trials. The thermal insulation of HPC was higher than that of FPC; however, any negative effect of HPC thermal insulation on the comfort functions for firefighters was not found. In conclusion, the newly-developed HPC provided more protection in reducing burn injuries from $125kW/m^2$, while no negative impact on maximal performance, mobility and thermal comfort functions of firefighters, which is appropriate for quick-evasive tactics at the flashover, flameover or back draft fires.

Analysis of Grounding resistance reduction effect of Transmission tower (가공송전선로의 철탑 접지저항 저감효과 분석)

  • Min, Byeong-Wook;Kim, Tai-Young;Park, Bong-Gyu;Choi, Jin-Sung;Kang, Yeon-Woog;Park, Kwang-Uk;Bae, Hyun-Kwon
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2011.07a
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    • pp.453-454
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    • 2011
  • With the transmission line the ratio of lightning breakdown the while whole breaking down is occupying a high share with average 72%, is a tendency which increases continuously. In order decreasing the back flashover faults from like this lightning breakdown, it is very important to maintain grounding resistance of tower below target. In this paper, we synthetically analyzed the grounding resistance reduction effect of tower foundation and standard ground connection from construction site, and investigated efficiency for ways to increase the length of counter poise and expand the size of conductivity concrete materials.

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A Study on the Analysis of the Lightning Surge Characteristics of Arresters in a 154kV Substation (154kV 변전소에서 피뢰장치의 뇌서지특성 해석)

  • Yun, Chang-Sub;Cho, Han-Goo;Lee, Jong-Beom
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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    • v.55 no.10
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    • pp.433-439
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    • 2006
  • This paper describes the characteristic evaluation of 154kV lightning arrester developed by domestic technology. To prove the protective ability of lightning arrester developed, various overvoltages were analyzed for A and B arrester were being used now at 154kV air and gas insulation substation, and for arrester developed. The results obtained by the various simulations show that the developed arrester has the effective protective ability and reducing ability of the overvoltage as A and B arrester, nevertheless there are somewhat differences among three kinds of arresters. Accordingly, it is evaluated that the arrester developed by domestic technology secured reliability can be installed actually at 154kV substation. In this paper, EMTP/ATP was used for simulation.

Effects on Resident of human body at fire outbreak for apartment building using CFAST (화재 시뮬레이션을 이용한 공동주택 화재발생시 거주자의 인체에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Joo-Won;Kwon, Jin-Suk;Choi, Jae-Hyouk
    • 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2011.02a
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    • pp.189-189
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    • 2011
  • 최근 공동주택은 보편적인 도시주거 유형으로 자리매김 하고 있지만, 성장 위주의 경제 산업 정책에 따른 안전의식미약, 사회구조개편에 따른 급격한 증가, 생활환경 변화와 에너지 사용 증가 등 화재 유발인자의 다양화로 인해 인적 물적 피해가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 다른 건물들과는 달리 공동주택의 거주자가 유아, 노인, 신체장애자 등 다양한 인적 구성의 형태로 이루어져 있어서 화재 발생 건수에 비해 인명피해가 월등히 높은 편이다. 공동주택에서의 화재에 대한 위험성을 인식하고, 그에 대한 인적 물적 피해를 최소화하기 위한 대책 마련이 시급하다. 본 논문은 CFAST(Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport)를 사용하여 공동주택을 대상으로 실물 화재 실험을 실시하고 공간화재에서의 화재 성상을 파악하여 화재 시 개구부의 개폐 여부에 따라 발생되는 산소와 이산화탄소의 농도와 온도가 인체에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아본다. 개구부를 개방 했을 경우에 외부창문의 개폐 여부에 상관없이 모든 방의 온도 분포가 뚜렷하게 나타났지만 개구부를 폐쇄 할 경우에는 발화지점인 거실의 온도 분포만 나타났다. Flashover현상과 Back Draft현상은 개구부의 개폐여부에 상관없이 외부 창문을 폐쇄 했을 경우에 나타났지만 특히 모든 개구부와 외부창문을 폐쇄 했을 경우에 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 각 실은 점화 후 4분경에 최고 온도를 보였으며 다른 방에 비해 발화지점인 거실의 온도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 온도에 의해서는 두 가지 영향이 일어날 수 있는데, 하나는 비교적 장시간에 걸쳐 발생하는 열응력이고, 다른 하나는 짧은 시간에 발생할 수 있는 화상이다. 만약 피부온도가 $45^{\circ}C$에 이르면 인체는 고통을 느끼게 되며, 이보다 더 높은 온도에서는 깊은 피부조직까지 손상을 줄 수 있다. 움직이지 않는 사람에 대한 고통 유발 임계온도는 약 $200^{\circ}C$이며, 인체는 땀의 발산으로 온도에 대한 내성이 증가하지만 이체가 장시간 열을 받으면 사망에 이를 수 있다. 결론적으로 공동 주택을 대상으로 CFAST를 이용해 분석한 결과 플래쉬오버 현상으로 인해 화재가 성장하여 급격히 온도가 상승하다가, 산소 부족으로 인해 화재가 성장하지 않고 온도가 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있다. 화재 시 온도, 산소, 이산화탄소를 고려하였을 때 약 3분 이내에 대피해야 온도 및 가스로 인한 피해를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

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