• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2023

The path to becoming a cytotechnologist (also known as a cytologist) in the United States of America (USA) requires a minimum of a bachelor's degree and the completion of a training program certified by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. Aspirants are recognized as cytologists after passing a test administered by the American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification on completion of a recognized cytotechnology training program. Cytotechnology training programs are currently provided by 18 universities and hospitals. Six of them provide master's level education, unifying existing programs to the master's level, which is necessitated due to a shortage of pathologists and the rapid development of the health care system. The improvement and unification of the curriculum, qualification renewal system, and the effort to change the title of qualified personnel from cytotechnologist to cytologist are seen as measures that would strengthen the capabilities of cytotechnologists as well as assist in keeping pace with the rapidly changing medical system. Knowledge about the educational courses available for cytotechnologists and the efforts to strengthen their expertise in the USA would be helpful to professors who guide students preparing for overseas employment and seeking professional improvement in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 1997

Purposes of the study were to : (a) measure the levels of job satisfaction, (b) investigate the degree of job characteristics, (c) determine the levels of organizational commitment, (d) investigate relationships between demographic variables and job satisfaction, and (e) examine the relationship between organizational commitment, job characteristics and job satisfaction. Questionnaire was developed and mailed to 300 dietitians who are currently working in school, hospital and industry foodservices. A total of 177 questionnaires were usuable : resulting in a 59% response rate. Results of this study were summarized follows : 1. Approximately half of the respondents(46.9%) indicated that the were 26 to 30 years old. A total of 112 respondents(63.3%) were unmarried. A bachelor's degree was reported as the most common education level(46.9%) while 6.2% of the participants reported a master's degree. Years of employment in professional practices were ranged from 2 to 5. Approximately 40% of the respondents had earned over \900,000 per month. 2. Work itself of the JDI was with the highest job satisfaction mean score followed by supervision, co-workers, wage and promotion. 3. In total job satisfaction score, dietitians in school foodservices were a significant lower than dietitians in industry foodservices and hospital foodservices. 4. A significant relationship was found for demographic factors and four job facets in terms of job itself, co-workers, and promotion. 5. A work itself was the most improtant facet th the dietitian followed by wage and promotion. 6. Task identity of the JCI facets was the most prevalent job characteristics followed by variety, dealing with others, feedback and friendship. 7. Three groups of dietitians had no significant difference in total job characteristics score. 8. A group of dietitians with a higher job satisfaction score had a significant higher score in job variety and job autonomy. 9. Organizational commitment mean score with dietitians was 1.88. 10. Job satisfaction score for five facets and total job satisfaction were significantly correlated with organizational commitment score.11. Job charateristics with job variety, job autonomy, feedback, task identity, friendship were positively correlated with organizational commitment.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.5-33
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• 2017

In this study, an investigation has been made on the status of the issuance of librarian qualification, the status of operating Subject specialized librarians at home and abroad, the status of professional manpower of the similar cultural facilities, and their recruitment method, based on which an attempt has been made to propose a way to nurture the Subject specialized librarians. First, I propose a method for training Subject specialized librarians through a regular curriculum and a retraining process, while suggest the ways to nurture the Subject specialized librarians from undergraduate and also nurture the existing librarians to become the Subject specialized librarians. Second, the basic qualification of the Subject specialized librarians must have a career of more than 3 years in a specific subject area with a master's degree or higher, and in order to have a subject area background, it is proposed that a bachelor's degree or a master's degree must absolutely be acquired in the corresponding subject area. Third, in order to improve the treatment of such Subject specialized librarians, the Subject specialized librarians in the administrative service group could be organized into a research librarian (or library and information science) series and types as a subordinate literary series under the researcher position. That is, it is proposed to differentiate the librarians and the Subject specialized librarians by reorganizing series and types of the Subject specialized librarians while maintaining the current librarian series.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.7-14
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• 2022

This study aimed to test the factor structure of the measure of student participation in distance education. The study population consisted of all teachers in public education and faculty members in higher education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by applying it to a sample of bachelor's and graduate students at the college of Education at umm al-Qura University. The (ESE) was applied to a random sample representing the study population consisting of (216) respondents. The results of the study showed that the scale consists of three main factors, with showed a high degree of construct validity through fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis. The results have shown a gradual consistency of the measure's invariance that reaches the high level of the Measurement Invariance across the gender and study groups variables.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.137-142
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• 2021

Distance learning universities provide online course content. The main methods of providing class contents are on-demand and live-streaming. This means that students are not restricted by time or space. The advantage is that students can take the course anytime and anywhere. Therefore, unlike commuting students, there is no commuting time to the campus, and there is no natural process required to take classes. However, despite this convenient situation, the attendance rate and graduation rate of distance learning universities tend to be lower than that of commuting universities. Although the course environment is not the only factor, students cannot obtain a bachelor's degree unless they fulfill the graduation requirements. In both commuter and distance learning universities, taking classes is an important factor in earning credits. There are fewer time and space constraints for distance learning students than for commuting students. It is also easy for distance learning students to take classes at their own timing. There should be more ease of learning than for students who commute to school with restrictions. However, it is easier to take a course at a commuter university that conducts face-to-face classes. I thought that the reason for this was that commuting to school was a part of the process of taking classes for commuting students. Commuting to school was thought to increase the willingness and motivation to take classes. Therefore, I thought that the inconvenient constraints might encourage students to take the course. In this research, I focused on the act of commuting to school by students. These situations are also applied to the distance learning environment. The students have physical time constraints. To achieve this goal, I will implement a course restriction method that aims to promote the willingness and attitude of students. Therefore, in this paper, I have implemented a virtual school system called "virtual go to school (VG2S)" that reflects the actual route to school.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

Objective : This study examined the test-retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Sensory Processing Scale for Children (SPS-C). Method : Senventy primary caregivers of children with sensory processing difficulties and 3 years old participated in the study. The subjects were recruited through child development centers, welfare centers, and acquaintances located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Busan, and Gyeongsang-do. The test-retest reliability verification targeted 20 main caregivers of children with difficulty in sensory processing. Re-evaluation was performed within 7 to 14 days after the initial evaluation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to confirm the relevance between the two time points, and the Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to confirm the degree of agreement. The interrater reliability verification was conducted with 18 primary caregivers and 18 subsidiary caregivers of children with sensory processing difficulties. Each caregiver evaluated the same child, and the Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to confirm the agreement between the two sets of caregivers. Results : The test-retest reliability was Pearson's correlation coefficient r=.914 and intraclass correlation coefficient ICC=.939, indicating a high level of relevance and agreement. The interrater reliability was an Intraclass correlation coefficient ICC=.727, which showed a moderate level of agreement, but the tactile area (ICC=.455) and proprioceptive area (ICC=.439) were not statistically significant and showed a low degree of agreement. Conclusion : Through this study, it was confirmed that the children's Sensory Processing Scale for Children (SPS-C) is a stable evaluation tool with test-retest reliability and interrater reliability verified, and it will be able to provide help in standardization studies for future clinical use.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.193-205
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the needs of learners in an advanced major course in a bid to strike a balance between theory and practice. And it's also meant to suggest an actual case of that effort in an advanced course. As a result of analyzing the collected data, the largest number of the learners who signed up for the advanced course chose that course to earn a bachelor's degree, and the second greatest group did that to bolster their expertise. The name of the college that offered that course (41.4%) had the most impact on their choice of it, followed by accessibility(28.6%). The most common thing they practiced in the oral health education course as one of major courses was forming a lesson plan, followed by teaching at schools and kindergartens, trial student teaching, producing PPT, making OHP materials, making a bulletin board and producing leaflets. During clinical activities for oral health education, the largest group considered it necessary to learn about more theories on educational psychology(54%), followed by the production of teaching media(29.9%) and teaching methods(25.3%). Likewise, the greatest group found it more necessary to practice educational psychology(42.5%), followed by the utilization of media(37.9%) and teaching methods(28.7%). An one-on-one interview was implemented before and after their classes to obtain more detailed information on their needs, and what their needs were in relation to the given curriculum was eventually confirmed, which made it possible to offer better education in response to their needs.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elementary school parents' environmental literacy varied according to independent variables, to verify specific variables that affected their environmental literacy, and to analyze the correlation between elementary school students' and their parents' environmental literacy. Twelve elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do were chosen for purposive sampling. 342 questionnaires were used for analysis among the 350 questionnaires collected during the study, and their environmental literacy was measured through 55 questions consisted of 12 items for knowledge category, 22 for attitude category, 5 for behavior category, and 3 for skills category with 16 demographic variables. Statistical analysis was conducted on each of the variables that make up environmental literacy through mean t-test, F-distribution, Scheffe test, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows. (1) there is the difference according to age and career in parent's actual environmental literacy, but there is no difference in geneder, birthplace, residential type, religion and income. The parents in forties scored significantly higher than parents in thirties in subdomains of environmental skill and environmental interest in environmental literacy. And the parents with bachelor's degree scored significantly higher than parents with at least a high school diploma in subdomains of ecological knowledge, knowledge on environmental problems & issue, environmental skill and environmental behavior. (2) the most influential media on parents' environmental literacy is TV, then newspaper, internet and book follow. (3) the correlation between environmental crisis and environmental interest is the highest, but the mainly negative correlation is analysed between knowledge subdomains and other subdomains. (4) there is the correlation between elementary school students' and their parents' environmental literacy.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate food service management system and nutrition education of the early childhood education institute in Yongdungpo, Seoul. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 26 public early childhood education institute and 34 private ones. A majority of the teachers were women over 40 with at least bachelor's degree. Other than the fact that food service provides food to the children, it contributed in providing the essential nutrients to the children, as well as giving them the opportunity to learn table manners. A normal food service would provide one set of lunch and two sets of snacks, which would be provided by the institute itself. In most cases, the director or teachers planned the menus instead of dietitians. Journals, cookbooks, and other information put out by mass communication, such as TV and newspapers, were used as reference to those menus. The factors considered in planning the menus were mainly nutritional balance and the children's food preference. The difficulties in meal management were about the budget and nutritional menu planning. Fifty five percent of the subjects were did nutrition education, and they focused mainly on the table manners and hygiene education but once a year. The difficulties and complaints in execution nutrition education at the institutes were lack of nutritional knowledge, personal shortage, and excessive work. The institutes were urgently requesting for menu provisions from local Public Health Clinics. As a recommendation from the results of this study, food service management and nutrition related subjects should be more enforced into the nursery teacher training curriculum. Also, it is necessary to provide nutrition education to teachers, and as a link, the need to develop a manual for nutrition education has become urgent.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.224-233
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• 2019

Objectives: In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Screening tests are the basis for early diagnosis. In Iranian women, the mortality rate of breast cancer is high due to insufficient screening examinations and delayed visits for care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors affecting breast self-examinations among Iranian women employed in medical careers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 501 women working in the medical professions at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in western Iran in 2018. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed, self-report questionnaire that contained demographic information and questions based on protection motivation theory and social support theory. Descriptive data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23 and model fitting with PLS version 2. Results: The mean age of the participants was $37.1{\pm}8.3years$, and most of the women (80.4%) were married. Most women had a bachelor's degree (67.5%). The findings of this study showed that the coping appraisal construct was a predictor of protection motivation (${\beta}=0.380$, p<0.05), and protection motivation (${\beta}=0.604$, p<0.05) was a predictor of breast self-examination behavior. Additionally, social support theory (${\beta}=0.202$, p<0.05) had a significant positive effect on breast self-examination behavior. Conclusions: The frequency of practicing self-examinations among women employees in the medical sector was low; considering the influence of social support as a factor promoting screening, it is necessary to pay attention to influential people in women's lives when designing educational interventions.