• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.357-365
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• 1995

수영장에서 염소를 이용한 살균시, 수영장의 물과 공기에서 클로로포름 농도가 증가하고 수영자는 이로 인해 클로로포름에 대한 인체 부담응 받을 수 있다. 본 연구는 40 분 수영으로 인해 야기되는 클로로포름에 대한 인체 부담을 확인하고, 60 분 수영 후에 시간에 따라 수영자의 호흡내 클로로포름의 농도가 변화하는 것을 평가하였다. 이 실험을 위해서 수영장의 물과 공기의 클로로포름 농도도 측정되었다. 인체 부담 확인을 위한 연구에서, 수영장 물과 공기내의 클로로포름 농도 범위는 각각 18.1 에서 25.3 ${\mu}g/l$ 및 30.9 에서 60.7 ${\mu}g/m^3$ 이였다. 40분간의 수영으로 인한 호기내의 클로로포름 농도는 수영 전의 호기 농도에 비해 64 에서 266 배 가량 높게 나타났다.수영전의 호기 농도 범위가 0.07 에서 0.19 ${\mu}g/m^3$ 인 반명에, 40분간의 수영 후 호기 농도 범위는 10.5 to 21.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$ 로 나타났다. 또한, 수영 후의 호기 농도가 동일한 날에 방문한 피실험자들간에 서로 다르게 나타났다. 60분간의 수영 중에 수영자의 호흡내 클로로포름 농도는 점진적으로 증가하였고, 수영 5 분 동안은 급격히 감소하다가 그 이후로는 천천히 감소하여 마침내 수영 후 1-2 시간에는 배경 농도에 접근하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how much effect to accuracy when measuring abdominal fat by Computed Tomography (CT) under different respiration movements. The study volunteer composed of 66 normal adults ($50.4{\pm}11.2$ years, 33 males, 33 females). We measured their obesity by using Broca index, body mass index (BMI) and CT and have investigated the correlation. The CT scanning for the obesity measurement have done in two ways, one was done in stopping breath after exhaling and the other was holding a breath after inhaling. The results showed no statistically significant difference among the three measuring techniques. And, the error in two ways of inhaling and exhaling was showed 24.2% of volunteers. The two ways of respiration movements made different result in visceral fat area (P = 0.044), subcutaneous fat area (P = 0.636) and abdominal obesity value (P = 0.012). This study demonstrates that the two ways of respiration movements when scanning CT makes change in accuracy in visceral fat area, and in abdominal obesity quantitative measure. Therefore, our study suggests that CT should take twice in two ways while a patient stops breath after exhaling and holds a breath after inhaling when measuring abdominal obesity using CT equipments.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify comparison of the abdominal muscle thickness and activity by using tool and unstable surface which is accompanied bridge exercise doing abdominal drawing-in breath. Method : This study was performed on normal 13 males and 17 females subjects doing bridge exercise accompanied abdominal drawing-in breath used tools. At this time muscle thickness and muscle activity is measured through ultrasound and EMG. Result : The results of this study, rectus abdominis, internal oblique and transverse abdominis showed a significant difference in muscle thickness when performed using pilates circle. And external oblique showed a significant difference muscle thickness when performed using gym ball. Rectus abdominis and external oblique showed a significant difference in muscle activity when performed using pilates circle. And internal oblique showed a significant difference in muscle activity when performed using sling. Conclusion : Therefore it is suggested that it would be effective to apply the gymball and pilates circle in the unstable surface for abdominal weakness.

• 센서학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

This study aims to suggest the partition ratio (Q-factor) of healthy Koreans and the comparison results of breath alcohol concentration (BAC) measurements using two methods (photoacoustic and electrochemical methods) for developing breath alcohol ignition interlock devices (BAIIDs). Given the relationship between BACs and BrACs and the Q-factor, the alcohol metabolism of healthy Koreans (96 males and 91 females) is revealed for understanding the digestion of alcohol and surveying the fundamental data of alcohol-related problems, CO₂ concentrations vs. alcohol concentrations, and the performance of alcohol sensors in the marketplace. The average Q-factor of healthy Korean males and females are 1,913 (95% confidence interval from 1,889-1,937) and 1,991 (95% confidence interval from 1,945-2,036). Photoacoustic measurements could be applied to predict the BACs of drinkers, which is confirmed by the Bland-Altman plots presented in this study. The biases based on the partition ratios (Q=1,913 and Q=1,991) in the Bland-Altman plots were -0.0004% (95% CI from -0.0011 to +0.0003% for males) and -0.0017% (95% CI from -0.020 to +0.017% for females).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.378-387
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• 2015

Purpose: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to death if the patient does not receive emergency treatment. Thus it is very important to recognize the symptoms in the early stage. The purpose of this study was to identify clusters of symptoms that represent AMI in Koreans. Methods: The study used a retrospective, descriptive design with secondary data analysis. Data were abstracted from 725 medical records of AMI patients admitted from June 1, 2006 to August 15, 2014 at a university hospital. Results: Analysis of the AMI symptoms revealed five symptom clusters; Cluster 1 (n=140): middle chest pain (100%), shortness of breath, and cold sweating, Cluster 2 (n=256): substernal pain (100%), cold sweating, and shortness of breath, Cluster 3 (n=47): substernal pain (95.7%), left arm pain, shortness of breath, cold sweating, left shoulder pain, right arm pain, and the lower neck pain, Cluster 4 (n=212): shortness of breath (28.3%), left chest pain, and upper abdominal pain, and Cluster 5 (n=70): cold sweating (100%), left chest pain, shortness of breath, left shoulder pain, and upper abdominal pain. Length of hospital stay and mortality rate were significantly different according to symptom clusters (F=2.52, p =.040; F=3.62, p =.006, respectively). Conclusion: Symptom clusters of AMI from this study can be used for AMI patients in order to recognize their symptoms at an early stage. The study findings should be considered when developing educational prevention programs for Koreans with AMI.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4377-4384
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• 2014

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.37 million people died of lung cancer all around the world in 2008, occupying the first place in all cancer-related deaths. However, this number might be decreased if patients were detected earlier and treated appropriately. Unfortunately, traditional imaging techniques are not sufficiently satisfactory for early detection of lung cancer because of limitations. As one alternative, breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may reflect the biochemical status of the body and provide clues to some diseases including lung cancer at early stage. Early detection of lung cancer based on breath analysis is becoming more and more valued because it is non-invasive, sensitive, inexpensive and simple. In this review article, we analyze the limitations of traditional imaging techniques in the early detection of lung cancer, illustrate possible mechanisms of the production of VOCs in cancerous cells, present evidence that supports the detection of such disease using breath analysis, and summarize the advances in the study of E-noses based on gas sensitive sensors. In conclusion, the analysis of breath VOCs is a better choice for the early detection of lung cancer compared to imaging techniques. We recommend a more comprehensive technique that integrates the analysis of VOCs and non-VOCs in breath. In addition, VOCs in urine may also be a trend in research on the early detection of lung cancer.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권9호통권89호
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• pp.1255-1259
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to elucidate incidence of $VO_2$ plateau by comparing data derived from different time averaging intervals during incremental cycling exercise to $VO_2max$. Seventeen subjects (age: $23.5{\pm}3.3$ years and $VO_2max$: $3.65{\pm}0.73$ L/min, respectively) completed $VO_2max$ tests on cycle ergometer which breath by breath gas ex-change data were obtained. These data were time-averaged into 11-breath, 15, 30 and 60 s sampling intervals. The incidence of plateau were 100, 35, 24 and 6% for the 11 breath, 15 s, 30 s and 60 s averaging, respectively. No correlation was between ${\Delta}$ $VO-2$ at $VO_2max$ and $VO_2max$ (r=0.008). 53% (maximal HR within 10 b/min) and 100% $(RER{\geq}1.15)$ of subjects met the criteria for attainment of $VO_2max$. This data indicate that shorter sampling intervals (11 breath) is the most suitable for de-tection of the $VO_2$ plateau and RER can be used for the criteria for attainment of $VO_2max$ but not maximal HR. Also, the incidence of a plateau is not related to training status or physical fitness of subjects.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of breath-counting meditation (BCM) and deep breathing (DB) on heart rate variability (HRV). These breathing techniques have the characteristics of non-paced and self-controlled breathings, resulting in less increase of HRV. We also compared BCM and DB with usual breathing (UB) or relaxing breathing (RB) which can reveal the characteristics of those. Methods: 83 healthy volunteers sitting in chairs performed non-paced breathing; UB, RB, BCM, and DB each for 5 minutes. One minute of relaxation was permitted between breathings. Participants surfed the internet sitting in front of a computer during UB, while for RB, they remained steady with eyes closed. For BCM, they breathed inwardly counting from 1 to 10 repetitively, while they took a deep breath during DB. Physiological indices were simultaneously recorded with a biofeedback system. Results: Respiration rate, thoracic amplitude, and mean heart rate decreased in RB compared with UB, but there was no change in HRV. Respiration rate in BCM and DB was lower than that in UB or RB, and the amplitude of thorax or abdomen, and HRV all increased (p<0.05). However, mean heart rate and skin conductance decreased in BCM compared with UB (p<0.05), whereas those were no different between DB and UB. Conclusion: BCM, just concentrating mentally on breathing with counting each breath, can increase HRV with less sympathetic activation, while DB, actively moving thorax and abdomen for achieving the deepest respiration rate, can greatly raise HRV with the maintenance of mean vagal or sympathetic tone.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we performed ventilation simulations for a standard isolation ward including three intensive care rooms, one anteroom(buffer room), and its recommended ventilation equipments. The purpose of this study is to predict outflow of pathogenic bacteria from patient breath to verify the reliability and the safety of the isolation ward. Methods: We suppose three scenarios of the movement of medical staff. The leakage of patient's breath to out of the ward is predicted in these scenarios using CFD simulations. Results: The patient's breath leakage rate to out of the ward in scenario 1 according to room air changes per hour(ACH : 6 and 12) is predicted to be 0.000057% and 0.00002%, respectively. The patient's breath leakage rate to out of the ward in scenario 2 according to room air changes(ACH : 6 and 12) is predicted to be 0.00063% and 0.00019%, respectively. The patient's breath leakage rate to out of the ward in scenario 3, which is the worst case(6 room air changes) is predicted to be 0.1%. Implications: Through the ventilation simulation like that in this study, the reliability and the safety on isolation performance of various plan of isolation ward are predicted quantitatively.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

자기공명영상을 이용한 심장혈류의 측정은 호흡과 심장의 불수의적인 움직임으로 인해 제한되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 심장혈류의 측정값을 비교하여 적절한 호흡방법과 영상변수를 제시하고 위상대조도 자기공명영상을 통한 심장혈류검사의 정확성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 연구 대상자는 정상의 지원자 15명(남: 10명, 여: 5명) 평균연령: $30{\pm}5.2$세를 대상으로 하였다. 상행대동맥과 하행대동맥에서 위상대조도 자기공명영상을 이용하여 각각 호흡정지 retrospective 1NEX와 비 호흡정지 retrospective 1-3NEX로 검사하여 비교하여 평가하였다. 연구 결과 상행대동맥에서 호흡정지 retrospective 1NEX의 평균혈류량/평균혈류속도는 각각 $96.17{\pm}19.12ml/sec$, $17.04{\pm}4.12cm/sec$로 비 호흡정지 retrospective 1NEX의 $72.31{\pm}13.27ml$, $12.32{\pm}3.85cm/sec$와는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 반면에 2NEX에서는 평균혈류량과 평균혈류속도가 $101.90{\pm}24.09$, 16.84{\pm}4.32, 3NEX에서는 $103.06{\pm}25.49$, $16.88{\pm}4.19$로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 하행대동맥에서 호흡정지 retrospective 1NEX의 평균혈류량/평균혈류속도는 $76.68{\pm}19.72ml/sec$, $22.23{\pm}4.8cm/sec$로 비 호흡정지 retrospective 1-3NEX와 비교 시 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러므로 비 호흡정지 retrospective방법은 NEX의 증가에 따라 호흡정지 retrospective방법과 비교하여 심장혈류 측정값에 유의한 차이점이 없기 때문에 숨을 잘 참지 못하거나 또는 소아환자에게 있어서 심장혈류 검사의 진단적 가치를 높여줄 것으로 사료된다.