• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2014

Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotinic acid (NA) on the characteristics in fresh semen of miniature pig. We evaluated viability, acrosome reaction and mitochondrial integrity of sperm on 0, 3, 7 and 10 days during storage period with nicotinic acid. As results, the survival rate of sperm in 15 mM NA (day 3, $87.8{\pm}1.2%$; day 5, $84.0{\pm}2.7%$; day 7, $82.2{\pm}0.9%$) and 30 mM NA (day 3, $87.7{\pm}0.3%$; day 5, $84.4{\pm}2.5%$; day 7, $82.3{\pm}0.7%$) groups were higher than control and 5 mM NA groups in 3, 7 and 10 days of semen storage. The NA-treated sperm on 10 day was used day for observing acrosome integrity. The survival sperm with acrosome reaction was higher in 30 mM NA group (day 3, $2.7{\pm}0.2%$; day 5, $3.3{\pm}0.6%$; day 7, $11.4{\pm}0.3%$) than in the control, significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, the live sperm with mitochondrial integrity was higher in whole treatment groups of NA than control group, significantly (P<0.05). Specially, most mitochondrial integrity on 10 day of semen storage was significantly higher in 30 mM NA group ($90.2{\pm}1.6%$) than other treatment groups (control, $81.8{\pm}3.1%$; 5 mM NA, $83.4{\pm}3.0%$; 15 mM NA, $89.1{\pm}0.7%$, P<0.05). In conclusion, supplement of NA in liquid semen of miniature pig can improve and maintain semen quality, such as viability, acrosome reaction, and mitochondria integrity.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of activation method on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction, apoptosis and in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Porcine in vitro matured oocytes were activated by four activation methods; 1) electric stimulus (ES) (E), 2) $ES+10{\mu}M$ Ca-ionophore (A23187) treatment (EC), 3) ES+2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) treatment (ED), or 4) ES+A23187 and 6-DMAP treatments (ECD). Parthenogenetic embryos were sampled to analyze x-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) mRNA, ER stress-associated genes and apoptosis genes at 3 h after ES and the 1-cell and blastocyst stages. In the EC group, the band intensity of spliced Xbp1 (Xbp1s) mRNA was higher than those of the other groups at the 3 h and 1-cell stage, and higher than that of the E group at the blastocyst stage. Four ER stress-associated genes were expressed at the highest level in the EC group and weakly expressed in the ED group at 3 h after activation. However, most of the genes were highly expressed at the 1-cell and blastocyst stages with some variation in the EC and ECD groups. Expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 mRNA was significantly higher in the EC group than in the other groups at all development stages. The developmental rates to the blastocyst stage were higher in the ED and ECD groups than in the E and EC groups. These results suggest that the intracellular ER stress of parthenogenetic porcine embryos is affected by the activation method and subsequently lead to the apoptosis of embryos.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature and shade, which are basic environmental conditions, on growth, yield, inorganic components, and general components of Codonopsis lanceolata, in order to obtain basic data for improving yield capacity. In natural light, in the 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ groups, the plant heights ranged between 218.9 cm and 223.9 cm, and there was no significant difference between groups. However, the leaf size was larger in shade, and the leaf area was significantly larger in the 15 and $30^{\circ}C$ groups. In natural light, root length and diameter were shorter and thinner when the temperature was higher, and growth was highly suppressed at $30^{\circ}C$. With regards to macroelements, the contents of Na, Mg, and P increased as temperature increased, regardless of the plant part; however, no constant tendency was observed in K and Ca according to temperature. The contents of Mg and Ca (from highest to lowest) were in the order leaf>stem>root, whereas the contents of Na, P, and K were in the order stem>leaf>root. Contents of general components varied according to temperature, and were highest at $30^{\circ}C$. While the plant height was increased under the constant $25^{\circ}C$+DIF (Difference between day and night temperature) condition, growth was suppressed in the -DIF group, in which the night temperature was higher than the day temperature, which suggests that a change in night temperature is one of the factors that affects the growth of C. lanceolata. As in the growth of the above-ground parts, fresh weight of the root was high in the constant $25^{\circ}C$ group and +DIF group. Notably, it was more than 2.5 times the fresh weights in the constant $15^{\circ}C$ group, constant $20^{\circ}C$ group, and -15 DIF group.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2004

본 연구는 임신한 생쥐에 DEHP의 투여가 분만 후 생쥐의 번식기능과 태아의 성비에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 임신한 자성 생쥐에 DEHP을 투여한 후 임신 19일째에 임신한 자성의 체중, 태아의 체중, 태아수 및 태아성비를 조사한 결과, 실험개시시와 실험종료시 임신한 자성의 체중은 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, 자${\cdot}$웅성태아의 체중, 평균 태아수 및 태아의 자${\cdot}$웅성 성비는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다. 임신기에 DEHP의 투여가 분만한 후 어미의 번식기관무게와 혈구화학치에 미치는 효과를 검사한 결과, 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 없었다. 임신기에 DEHP의 투여가 분만한 후 난소와 자궁의 조직에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 난소에서는 모든 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 없었으나, 자궁에서는 0.5mg 투여구가 대조구에 비해 자궁내막층과 부종이 감소했으며, 1.0mg 투여구와 10.0mg 투여구는 일부에서 자궁내막층이 감소했지만 0.5mg 투여구에서의 감소보다는 적었다. 임신중인 생쥐에 저농도의 DEHP의 투여는 임신중인 모체와 태어난 자손의 번식 특성과 혈구화학치에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.297-309
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized preschool oral health education program as one of educational media and to apply it to preschool education. It's ultimately meant to help improve the oral health education policy of the nation toward young children and to provide multiple information on that. The subjects in this study were 250 young children who were at the age of 7 and attended kindergartens in the city of S. To evaluate an oral health education program prepared in the study, the selected young children were taught by using it, and a survey was conducted twice before offering education and three weeks after it to assess their knowledge. Besides, their patient hygiene performance was tested. For data handling, SPSS program was utilized, and in order to see if there would be any changes in their oral health behaviors, statistical data on percentage were obtained and crosstab was employed. To track any possible additional changes in their relevant knowledge and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, t-test was implemented. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for changes in oral health behaviors, there were significant differences in tooth brushing time(p<0.05), tooth brushing method(p<0.01) and toothbrush keeping method(p<0.001) between before and after the education. 2. Regarding changes in oral health knowledge, there was a significant gap between before and after the education(p<0.001). In detail, their knowledge about the cause of dental caries(p<0.05), the right choice of toothbrush(p<0.001) and toothbrushing after meals(p<0.01) became significantly different. 3. There was no gap in patient hygiene performance index between before and after the education. 4. To boost the effect of oral health education on kindergarteners, it seems necessary to give a lecture on oral health, to demonstrate tooth brushing by using dntiform, and to offer instruction by utilizing disclosing solution. 5. Repeated education should be provided on a regular basis by preparing standardized teaching plans tailored to the characteristics of kindergarteners, and a wide variety of teaching materials that could be easy to understand, authentic and provide motivation to them should be developed.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.533-546
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior among 918 secondary students and their needs for oral health education in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province and Choongbuk Province. Methods : The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS 18.0, and frequency analysis, correlation analysis, crosstabs, t-test and ANOVA were utilized. Results : The girls proceeded the boys in oral health knowledge, and the high school students were ahead of the middle schoolers in oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. Those who ever received oral health education surpassed the others who didn't in oral health knowledge and behavior(p<0.01). The students hoped to be provided with oral health education by dental hygienists during regular classroom hours once per semester, 30 minutes to one hour at a once, and their favorite ways of oral health education were videotape watching and practice. As for needs for oral health education, the middle school students had higher needs for that than the high schoolers, and the former's needs scores were above the average(p<0.05). Conclusions : There were differences among the students in oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior according to their school system, gender and oral health education experiences, but oral health education was provided without taking their differences into account. It was recommended, efficient oral health education programs should be developed by focusing on how to take care of and prevent oral diseases, and videotape watching and practice that were preferred by the secondary students should be included in the programs.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 단일 벽(Single-wall) 구조를 갖는 나노크기의 속이 빈(hollow) 볼(Ball)형(NBs; Nano-balls), 짧은 길이 튜브(S-NTs; Short-fiber Nano-tubes)형 및 긴 길이 튜브(L-NTs; Long-fiber Nano-tubes) 물질을 동일한 조성 Al/Ge=1.33을 갖는 Aluminogermanate(ALGE) Precursor 최초 혼합용액의 단순한 pH 조절 과정에서 자기조합(Self-assembly)을 통해 성공적으로 합성하였다. 먼저 pH=13으로의 염기성화(Na/Al=28~30) 및 최종 pH=9 조건에서 5 nm의 균질한 크기를 갖으며, 화학조성인 Al/Ge=1.5~1.6인 속이 빈 구조의 NBs가 합성되었다. pH=13으로의 염기성화 및 최종 pH=4 조건에서는 3.3 nm 지름, 길이 15~20 nm, Al/Ge=2.6~2.8의 S-NTs가 합성되었다. 그러나 pH=9로 염기성화(Na/Al=3.8) 시킨 후 최종 pH=4조건에서는 나노-튜브의 길이가 100 nm 이상인 L-NTs가 처음으로 합성되었다. 이러한 결과는 ALGE Precursor로부터 -Ge-OH 표면에서의 $H^+$-dissociation 정도 차이, 즉, $Na^+$ 양 및 최종 pH 조건을 달리함으로써 의도하는 형태의 ALGE 나노물질 유도가 가능함을 시사한다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2006

본 연구는 융합 전 수핵란의 활성화 처리 유무와 활성화 처리 시간이 소 체세포유래 핵이식란의 체외 발육능에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 수행하였다. 소 체외성숙란의 탈핵 후 체세포 핵을 이식하고 일부는 전기 융합 후 활성화를 유기하였고(pre-AC), 일부는 먼저 활성화 처리 후 융합을 실시(post-AC)하였다. 난자의 활성화는 $Ca^{2+}$-ionophore(A23187)로 처리 후 DMAP로 4시간 배양하는 방법으로 유기하였다. 핵이식란은 CR1aa액에서 9일간 배양하여 발육율을 검토하였으며, 활성화 후 30분${\sim}$2.5시간에 고정하여 confocal microscope하에서 핵형 변화를 검사하였다. 배반포기까지 발육율은 post-AC구(20.6%)가 pre-AC(15.3%)보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 또한 활성화 처리를 하여 핵이식란의 배 발달을 비교한 결과 post-AC구가 더 늦은 배 발달 속도를 나타내었다. Post-AC구를 활성화 후 30분, 2시간, 4시간으로 나누어 융합하여 발육율을 검토한 결과 발육율에 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과는 수핵란의 활성화 시간에 따라 핵이식란의 발육 및 핵형이 영향을 받을 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2006

본 연구는 내분비계 장애물질인 BPA와 DEHP가 돼지 정액 성상(운동성, 생존율, 원형질막의 정상성, 기형율)에 유해한 영향을 미치는지를 검토하였다. 일정 농도로 희석한 돼지 정액에 BPA와 DEHP를 각각 0, 1, 10, $100{\mu}M$의 농도로 처리하여 3, 6, 9시간 동안 체외배양을 실시하였다. BPA 처리에 따른 운동성과 생존율은 체외배양 시간과 첨가농도에 따라 감소하였으며, 체외배양시간이 경과함에 따라 대조구와 명백한 차이를 나타냈다. $100{\mu}M$의 농도로 처리한 경우의 운동성과 생존율은 체외배양시간에 관계없이 처리군이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). DEHP처리에 따른 정자의 운동성과 생존율도 체외배양시간과 첨가농도에 따라 감소하여 BPA의 성적과 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 정자 원형질막의 기능성은 배양시간에 따라 감소하였으며 BPA및 DEHP 첨가농도 간에 차이가 인정되었으며, 특히 $100{\mu}M$ 처리구에서 급격히 감소하는 성적을 나타났다. 정자의 기형율은 BPA및 DEHP 처리시간 및 농도에 크게 영향을 받지는 않았다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때, 고농도의 BPA와 DEHP($>10{\mu}M$에 정자의 장시간 노출은 유해한 영향을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.576-582
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• 2017

자기부상열차의 분기기는 차량의 진행방향에 따라 노선을 변경해 주는 장치로서 차량의 분기기 통과시 차량의 주행 안전성을 보장해야만 한다. 일반 바퀴식 열차의 분기기기와는 달리 자기부상열차의 분기기는 대차가 궤도를 감싸고 주행하므로 분기기를 지지하는 구조물은 거더 형태로 구성된다. 이러한 분기기 구조는 거더 자체가 움직여 작은 반경의 곡선을 생성하기 위하여 단지 3~4개의 관절만을 이용하기 때문에 비연속적 선형레일을 만들게 된다. 이로 인하여 비연속적 선형 레일은 거더 사이에 변곡점이 생기고, 이를 통과하는 차량의 진동을 발생시킬 수 있다. 그로인해 해당 지점에서 대차와 레일의 접촉이 발생할 수 있다. 또한 분기기 전체가 강 구조물로 구성되어 있어 진동 측면에서도 일반적인 콘크리트 구조물에 비해 취약한 구조를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인천공항 시범노선에서 운행 중인 차량의 분기기 통과 시 동적상호작용에 의한 분기기의 진동 및 처짐 등을 측정하고, 차량의 진동 및 부상안정성 등을 측정하여 분기기의 설계 타당성과 안전성을 평가하고 향후 성능 개선에 도움을 주고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해서 차량의 25km/h 속도에서 부상 및 횡공극의 안정성을 확인하였고, 차량의 승차감이 UIC 513 기준에서 "편안함" 결과를 확인하였다.