• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.269-287
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• 2023

The genus-level biotic index of benthic macroinvertebrates (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Genus Index, BMGI) was developed and applicated based on the data collected from 13,347 sampling units of 814 sites from 2010 to 2021 in Korea. Tolerant values of 274 indicator taxa were established by analyzing the relationship between the relative frequency and abundance of indicator taxa and the water quality index considering biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), total suspended solids (TSS), and total phosphorus (T-P). BMGI showed a slightly higher correlation with water quality than the species-level biotic index (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index, BMI) that was developed and applied in Korea. Although the BMGI does not contain species-level information, the reason why BMGI shows higher applicability than BMI seems to be due to the increase in the number of indicator taxa and the decrease in the misidentification of immature aquatic insects. The coefficient of determination in multiple regression with BOD₅, TSS, and TP for BMGI was 0.62 in the long-term averaged data of 814 sites, and the standardized coefficient of BOD₅ was -0.46, TSS was -0.17 and T-P was -0.21, respectively. As a result of the evaluation by BMGI, of the 814 sites, 38% were in good, 25% in fair, and 37% in poor condition.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.929-936
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• 2011

비점오염원 저감을 위해 설치된 동복천 인공습지의 효율적인 관리 방안을 제시하기 위하여, 동복천 인공습지의 시기별 및 부하량별 수처리 효율평가를 실시하였다. 유입수의 BOD, SS, T-N 및 T-P 함량은 각각 $0.85{\sim}3.14mg\;L^{-1}$, $3.33{\sim}9.70mg\;L^{-1}$, $0.64{\sim}5.33mg\;L^{-1}$ 및 $0.03{\sim}0.10mg\;L^{-1}$ 범위이었으며, 연평균 처리효율은 BOD, SS, T-N 및 T-P가 각각 34%, 5%, 31% 및 13%로서 BOD와 T-N의 처리효율이 SS와 T-P 처리효율 보다 높았다. 인공습지 구성시스템별 오염물질 부하량에 따른 오염물질 처리량은 BOD에서 침강지 > 습지조 > 침전지, SS에서 침전지 > 습지조 > 침강지, T-N에서 침전지 > 침강지 > 습지조 순이었으며, T-P의 경우에는 침전지와 침강지에서는 큰 차이가 없었으나 습지조에서는 다른 시스템에 비해 높은 효율을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.420-431
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• 2010

하천형 저수지인 팔당호의 건기시 수질을 모의하기 위하여 단순 물질수지 모델을 개발하였다. 대상 물질은 총인 (TP), 클로로필${\alpha}$ ($Chl.{\alpha}$), 5일 생물학적 산소 요구량 (BOD) 화학적 산소요구량 (COD)이었다. 모델은 지난 20년간의 실측치를 잘 재현하였으며 유기물질의 성인을 밝히는데 이용될 수 있었다. 모델을 통하여 분석한 결과, 팔당호에서 인에 대한 조류의 이용성을 결정하는 임계 수리부하는 약 $1.5m\;d^{-1}$로 나타났다. 팔당호의 $Chl.{\alpha}$, COD, BOD 농도는 임계부하보다 작은 수리부하의 조건에서 생산과 호흡 및 침전과 같은 조류의 변화에 민감하게 반응하였다. 최근 유기오염 저감을 위한 중앙정부와 지방정부의 강도 높은 노력에도 불구하고 팔당호의 수질은 크게 개선되지 않았으며 오히려 COD 농도는 증가하였다. 모델 해석을 통하여 이는 조류 생산량의 증가와 아울러 비점오염원 등에서 외래성 부하가 증가하였기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 특히 2000~2007년 기간의 조류 기원성 유기물 농도는 전체 유기물 농도의 절반에 해당하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 이는 1988~1994년 기간에 비하여 2.5배, 1995~1999년 기간에 비하여 1.3배에 달하는 수준이었다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 팔당호의 수질개선을 위해서는 조류 발생을 억제하는 것이 필요함을 시사하는 것이었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 1979

금강수계(錦江水系)의 신탄진(新灘津)등 6개지점(個地點)을 조사지역(調査地域)으로 설정(設定)하고 1977년(年) 9월(月)부터 1978년(年) 8월(月)까지의 수질(水質)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) pH, $NO_3-N$, $NO_2-N$는 조사지점별(調査地點別), 월별(月別)차이가 없었다. 2) 부여(扶餘), 강경지점(江景地點)의 BOD는 각각 3.9~5.6, 5.6~6.0ppm으로 상수도원(上水道源) 오염한계(汚染限界)에 도달(到達)하였다. 3) 대전천(大田川)이 합류(合流)하는 매포지점(梅浦地點)의 BOD는 신탄진지점(新灘津地點)의 BOD에 비(比)하여 1977년(年) 9월(月), 10월(月), 11월(月)에 각각 1.9, 3, 2.1배(培) 증가되었다. 4) 용존산소(溶存酸素)는 $7.6{\pm}3.8ppm$으로 수온(水溫)의 변화(變化)와 지점별(地點別) 차이가 있었다. 5) 경도(硬度), 부유물질(浮游物質), $NH_3-N$는 조사지점별(調査地點別), 월별(月別)로 차이가 있었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1996

Using rotating biological contactor(RBC) with artificial endogenous stage and aerobic fixed biofilm reactor(AFBR), organic material removal and biological nitrification of piggery wastewater has been studied at a pilot plant. RBC was operated in the endogenous phase at a interval of every 25 days. The concentration of COD, BOD and TKN in influent wastewater were from 2,940 to 3,800 mg/L, from 1,190 to 1,850 mg/L and from 486 to 754 mg/L respectively. The maximum active biomass content represented as VSS per unit aera was $2.0mg/cm$^{2}$ and biofilm dry density of $17mg/cm^{3}$ was observed at biofilm thickness of $900{\;}{\mu}m$. It was observed that the pilot scale RBC/AFBR process exhibited 72 percentage to 93 percentage of BOD removal, In order to obtain more than 90 percentage of BOD removal, the organic loading rate to the RBC/AFBR process should be maintained less than $0.09{\;}m^{3}/m^{2}{\cdot}day(125.9g{;\}BOD/m^{3}{\cdot}d$. The TKN removal efficiencies was from 45.5 to 90.9 percentage according to vary influent loading rate, It was estimated that the RBC/AFBR process consumed approximately 6.2 mg/L(as $CaCO_{3}$) of alkalinity per 1 mg/L of $NH_{3}$-N oxidized as the nitrification took piace.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1993

The purpose of this experimental research was focused to improve the quality of the effluent and the yielded sludge when the papermill wastewater was treated by the indirect aerated submerged biofilter as a second treatment method of papermill wastewater. Changing the various experimental factors (Nutrient additions or not, HRT, Fh ratio, recirculation ratio, etc) with indirect aerated submerged biofilter, the results are as follows. 1) because of the microbes concentration could be sustained to 9, oho man in submerged biofilter and then the volumetric organic loads could be increased to 2.7 kg-BOD/$m^3$<\TEX>/day, the reactor volume can be reduced. 2) Because of the yield coefficient(Y) and the endogenous decay coefficient(kd) were revealed 0.4 and 0.07/d, the yielded sludge volume was reduced. 3) The concentration of the sloughed sludge in the reactor was 2.62~4.01 %, so the thickener could be omited in the papermill wastewater sludge treatment process. 4) When the operating was conducted at HRT of 4hrs, the treatment efficiencies of BOD and COD were obtained 80% and 70%. 5) The range of the theoretical recirculation ratios of this reactor was 14~26. According to those ratios, at the low loads ( BOD volumetric loads is less than 0.79 kg-BOD/$m^3$<\TEX>/day, FM ratio is less than 2.0/d) the results were fitted to the theoretical recirculation ratios (14 ~26) and at the high loads the efficiency were increased to the rise of recirculation ratios.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1996

This study was conducted to Investigate the biological treatment capability of MMCMAS(Movinig Media Complete Mixing Activated Sludge) reactor for high strength organic wastewater (Average BOD=800mg/l). And this experimental results were compared previous study for low strength organic wastewater (Average HOD=150mg/l) by the same reactor. In this study, we abtained following conclusions ; (1) The laboratory MMCMAS reactor demonstrated that SBOD removal efficiencies of more than 90% can be achieved at organic Bonding rates of 30.9 gBOD/$m^2$/d for high strength organic wastewater and 39.4 gBOD/$m^2$/d for low strength organic wastewater, respectively. (2) The nitrification rates of MMCMAS reactor was found same results of similiar organic loading rates. (3) The ratio of attached biomass to total biomass on the moving media varied in the range of 40 to 63% and 32 to 94% for high and low strength organic wastewater, respectively. And it was varied at the various concentration of influents for the similiar organic loading rates. The sludge production rates was found approximately 0.37 gVSS/$gBOD_{rem}$. in MMCMAS reactor.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2021

Analysis of long term affecting factors on water quality items of gas emission form (BOD, COD) and leachate emission form (T-N, non-bio-degradable COD (NBDCOD)) was performed for the SUDOKWON 1st Landfill Site (LS1) and 2nd Landfill Site (LS2). As landfill gas was generated, BOD and COD decreased from 6,887 and 20,025 mg/L in 1993 to 49.5 and 670.2 mg/L in 2019, respectively. TN and NBDCOD increased with waste decomposition but gradually decreased after landfill closure because of the precipitation infiltration effect. Due to the drastic decline of carbon in the leachate, the BOD/TN ratios of LS1 and LS2 declined from 13.0 and 17.0 during early stage of the landfill to 0.07 and 0.16 in 2019, respectively; LS2 and NBDCOD/COD increased from 0.25 to 0.65 during the same period. These conditions caused carbon deficiency in denitrification treatment and a chemical post-treatment request for NBDCOD. The different behaviors of gas emission and leachate emission items suggest the necessity of different strategic approaches in the long term perspective.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2000

In this study the removal possibility of nutrients of T-P, NH3-N, NO3-N and T-N is examined through a positive experimental study using submerged biofilter of media packing channel method. From the analysis of nutrients removal efficiency for each run of the collected sample following results are obtained. Firstly the result of N/P surveying for inflow shows serious value that excess the limit value of 20 as the values are in the range of 12.0~42.7 and the average is 25.73. Secondly the highest concentration of the incoming NH3-N reaches double of the standard since the concentrations of NH3-N and NO3-N for inflow shows 0.06mg/$\ell$ and 2.5~3.8mg/$\ell$ respectively and the average removal rate which passed the submerged biofilter adopted in this study is a satisfactory level. Next the average removal rate of T-P of 51.5% shows the possiblity of entrophication removal since the removal rate of T-P of 66.8~68.8% in relative low temperature period of RUN 1~2 appeared higher than in RUN 3~6 and T-N shows relatively poor result with the average removal rate of 34.1% And it is known that the bigger BOD/P and BOD/N are the more removal rate increases from the examination result of the relation between BOD/P and BOD/N and the treatment water T-P and T-N to decide the relation with the concentration of organic matters and though that the appropriate proportion is necessary for effective removal of nitrogen and phsophorus.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2001

양돈농가에서의 계절별 돈사배출수 발생량은 돈사내에서 스크레퍼 및 인력으로 돈분을 분리수거하여 분은 퇴비화하고 배출수는 활성오니법을 이용하여 정화처리하고 있는 농가를 6농가를 선정하여 돈사배풀수랸 및 배출수의 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 돈사배출수량의 평균배출량은 4.15 l/일/두였으며, 계절별로는 여름철 5.02, 겨울철 4.11, 겨울철에 3.44, 봄철에 4.04 l/일.두로 여름철에 가장 많은 세정수가 발생되었다. 2. 돈사배출수 조사농가의 돈분은 수분 함량은 평균 82.9%였고 돈분의 BOD 및 SS농도는 각각 56,847mg/l, 119,750mg/l였으며, 돈사배풀수의 BOD, SS농도는 각각 2,951, 1,983mg/$\ell$였다.