• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2006

Purpose: We achieved high resolution MR imaging and spectra of human skin in vitro with using a 14.1 T MRI/MRS system, and evaluated the hydration effect of various cosmetic products by measuring the skin's. moisture concentration. Materials and Methods: We used the Bruker 14.1 T MRI/MRS system with a vertical standard bore that was equipped with a DMX spectrometer gradient system (200 G/cm at a maximum 40 A), RF resonators (2, 5 and 10 mm) and Para Vision software. Spin echo and fast spin echo pulse sequences were employed for obtaining the high resolution MR images. The 3D-localized point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) method was used to acquire the MR spectra. Results: The high resolution MR images and spectra of human skin in vitro were successfully obtained on a 14.1 T system. The water concentration of human skin after applying a moisturizer was higher than that before applying a moisturizer. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the high-resolution MR images and spectra of human skin from a high field NMR instrument could be applicable to evaluating the hydration state of the stratum corneum.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2006

Genistein의 전이율을 조사하기 위하여 순도 97% 이상의 genistein 250 mg을 펠렛으로 성형한 후 500 mg및 1 g의 용량으로 각각 2, 4개씩 산란계의 어깨 부위 피하에 이식하여 계란의 난황 내에서 검출되는 genistein의 함량을 HPLC 및 HPLC-MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. Genistein 500 mg 처리구에서, 12, 18, 30일에 각각 218, 395 ng/g, 500 ng/g의 genistein 이 전이되어 59일까지 계속적으로 유지되었다. 또한 genistein 1,000 mg 처리구에서는 12일 후에는 240 ng/g, 18일 후에는 406.5 ng/g, 30일 후에는 514 ng/g의 genistein이 전이되어 59일까지 계속적으로 유지되었다. 본 연구를 통하여, 500 ng/g 이상의 genistein이 함유된 계란을 59일 이상 지속적으로 생산할 수 있어 피하이식을 통한 비급이 방식은 기존의 급이 방식에 비해 20배 이상 효과적이었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.323-327
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• 2001

March 19, 1999, the renovation qf the runway of the Bo-Fai ai1field in Hua Hin, Prachubk-erikhan, Thailand, unearthed chemicals which were left over from the project "anch Hand Operation" held during the Vietnam war era. The chemical mixtures were analyzed by the US EPA, the Department oj Medical Sciences (DMSc), Ministry oj Public Health (MoPH) and the Pollution Control Department (PCD), the Ministry oj Science Technology and Environment (MOSTE) of Thailand, The samples were found to contain several defoliants used in the operation. They were 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Dicamba, Cocydelic acid, and Dioxins. Due to the complexity of the issue, the multiplicity of possible health effects, and the socio-economic implications for imports and exports, the Thai Society of Toxicology submitted a proposal to request World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. The assistance is for the area of chemical safety and called for immediate action to explore the magnitude qf risk involved with Dioxins. In this paper we present our approach to health risk assessment which takes into an account the epidemiological studies of high-risk group exposed to the Ranch Hand operation. Dioxins are endocrine disruption chemicals which public concerns are developed due to presumption that a hazard exists (www.eva.gov/dioxins/html) for which current methodologies are deemed insufficient. The recent concepts of how oxidative stress toxicants may affect health end points and biomarkers of exposure of exposed individuals are discussed. While research activities are undergoing, The Thai Society of Toxicology do not anticipate significant risk to local residents and the environment due to our concurrence with opinion from the international experts invited by the World Health Organization proposed to the local experts at a workshop in Bangkok.n Bangkok.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2013

In order to investigate changes in quality and enzyme activity during Chungkookjang fermentation, germinated- and nongerminated yellow soybeans were fermented by Bacillus subtilis and traditional methods. When the soybean was soaked for 6 h and then watered for 4 days with 2 h-interval at $25^{\circ}C$, the highest germination rate was obtained. The germinated soybeans had a higher total isoflavone ($988.4{\mu}g/g$) than that of the nongerminated soybeans ($859.5{\mu}g/g$). Amino type nitrogen contents, protease and amylase activities were higher in germinated soybean Chungkookjang, which was fermented with B. subtilis, than nongerminated soybean Chungkookjang, which was fermented with B. subtilis and traditional methods. Reducing sugar and amino type nitrogen contents, the number of viable cells and protease and amylase activities, were higher for Chungkookjang fermented with B. subtilis, than Chungkookjang fermented by traditional methods. ALP and SOD activities in the Chungkookjang diet group were considerably higher than in the control group. AST activity in the germinated soybean Chungkookjang diet group was higher than in the nongerminated soybean Chungkookjang diet group. In conclusion, it is suggested that Chungkookjang prepared with germinated soybeans using B. subtilis D7 could be practically used as a functional product.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1975

The present experiments were carried out to investigate the active center of sodium and potassium ion activated adenosine triphosphatase. An ATPase, activated by sodium ion Plus potassium ion in the presence of magnesium ion, and inhibited by ouabain, has been obtained from rabbit red cell ghosts. The ATPase activity was measured by inorganie phosphate released from ATP. From this values of the measured inorganic phosphate, the activity of ATPase was calculated. The following results were observed. 1. The activity of $(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$ is inhibited by ouabain. This effect may not be due to an effect on sulfhydryl groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups, imidazole groups and hydroxyl groups. 2. The $(Na^++K^+)$-activated enzyme system is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and by d nitroflurobenzene, and this effect may be due to an effect on sulfhydryl groups. These results indicate that the sulfhydryl groups is attached to sodium-potassium dependent adenosine triphosphate, an aspect of the pump. 3. The $(Na^++K^+)-activated$ enzyme system is inhibited by maleic anhydride and this inhibition is reversed by lysine. This Seems to indicate that the active center of this enzyme is the amino groups. 4. The $(Na^++K^+)$-activated enzyme system is inhibited by iodoacetamide and this inhibition is reversed by the simultaneous present of cysteine and aspartic acid in the suspension medium. This result indicates that this enzyme contains sulfhydryl groups and carboxyl groups. 5. The $(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$ activity is accelerated by adrenaline and this effect is abolished by aspartic acid. This effect of aspartic acid indicate that carboxyl group might be involved in the hydrolysis of ATP by the enzyme system. On the hydrolysis of ATP by the enzyme system. On the basis of these experiments it f·as suggested that the active center of $(Na^++K^+)-activated$ ATPase contains sulfhydryl groups, amino groups and carboxyl groups.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

Using sodium hypophosphite as reducing agent, bath composition and plating condition of electroless copper plating on plating rate have been studied. The followings were determined as optimum, bath composition; $CuSO_4\;0.025M,\;NiSO_4\;0.002M,\;NaH_2PO_2\;0.4M$, sodium citrate 0.06M, $H_3BO_3$ 0.6M, thiourea or 2-MBT $0.2mg/{\ell}$, and operation conditions; pH $9{\sim}10$ at bath temperature rage of $60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. A small amount of nickel ion($Ni^{2+}/Cu^{2+}$=0.002/0.025) to the hypophosphite reduced solution promotes autocatalysis and continuous plating. An additive such as thiourea or 2-MBT of a small amount($0.2mg/{\ell}$) can be used to stabilize the solution without changing plating rate much. The attivation energy between $20^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$ were calculated to be 11.3kcal/mol for deposition weight. Plating reaction had been ceased by the adjustment of pH above 13, temperature higher than $90^{\circ}C\;and\;under\;20^{\circ}C$. Deposited surface became worse in the case of increment of bath temperature above $80^{\circ}C$.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of a psychosocial stress management program on stress and coping in student nurses. Method: A nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was used. A convenience sample of 24 students from the Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University were assigned to experimental (n=12) and control groups(n=12). Stress was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (10 points) and blood cortisol. Coping was measured using a scale modified by So (1995) based on the Ways of Coping Checklist developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1985). Depression was measured using the CES-D by Radloff (1977) and state anxiety, using the State Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger (1976). The psychosocial stress management program included education, relaxation (Korean Dan Jeon-typed Breathing and music), and social support. Result: Results showed for the two groups, 1) a significant difference in stress scores (U= 19.50, p=0.002), 2) no difference in cortisol levels (8am, 4pm), 3) a significant difference in problem-focused coping (U=25.50, =0.007), 4) no difference in emotion-focused coping, and 5) no difference in state anxiety and depression. Conclusion: By utilizing the program, students were able to learn how to control their stress and improve their coping. Therefore with a partial modification, psychosocial stress management can be useful for continual management of stress in student nurses.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the content of atractylenolides I and III in Atractylodes japonica. An established HPLC-DAD method was used to monitor contents of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica obtained from Korea and China and compared with contents of A. macrocephala, A. chinensis, and A. lancea. Quantitative analysis of atractylenolides I and III was carried out on a Shiseido C18 column (S-5 ${\mu}m$, 4.6 mm I.D. ${\times}$ 250 mm) with gradient elution composed of acetonitile-water. The results show that the average content of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica were 0.0954 and 0.1963%, respectively, and contents of A. lancea were higher than A. macrocephala, A. chinensis. In this study, we identified the differentiation of the quality of A. japonica from different species and collected locations and established content standard of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica and this content standard was helpful to quality control of A. japonica.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1570-1574
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• 2004

A flock of AA breed chickens were reared in peterstme brood-vait chamber and were provided with high energy pelleted feed. At 14 d of age, a total of 350 birds were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: 100 birds were exposed to normal ambient temperature of 20$^{\circ}C$ for control group; 150 birds were exposed to lower ambient temperature of 11$^{\circ}C$ to induce ascites (treatment I); and another group of 100 birds were exposed to lower ambient temperature of 11$^{\circ}C$ and fed diet containing 1% L-arginine for ascitic prophylactic treatment (treatment II). Samples were collected from blood and abdominal fluid of chicken at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 wk of age subsequently, to analysis the contents of plasma endothelin (ET-1), angiotensin II (Ang II), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The results indicated that the contents of cAMP, cGMP, and Ang II in reatment I and ascitic broilers were higher than the corresponding control group (p<0.01, p<0.05), ET-1 of preascitic broilers were control group (p<0.05), while there was an insignificant difference with later ascitic broilers. The contents of cAMP and cGMP in treatment II were higher than the treatment I and control groups (p<0.01, p<0.05), whereas, the contents of Ang II were gradually decreased compared to the control group (p<0.05), the contents of ET-1 were insignificantly different. On further analysis, the increased plasma Ang II at low ambient temperature condition in broilers made endothelium cell secretion of increased ET-1, cAMP, cGMP and decreased NO. Therefore, low temperature accelerated ascites syndrome in broilers. Supplemently L-arginine can decrease ET-1, and increase cAMP and cGMP. It is concluded that cAMP mediated in broilers pulmonary hypertension syndrome.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2017

It is well known that water jetting is now widely used in the advanced cutting processes of polymers, metals, glass, ceramics, and composite materials because of some advantages, such as heatless and non-contacting cutting different from the laser beam machining. In this paper, we proposed the simulation model of waterjet by lengths and the inner spiral structure of the nozzle. The simulation results show that the outlet velocity of the nozzle is faster than the inlet. Furthermore, we found rapid velocity reduction after passing through the outlet. The nozzle of diameter ${\phi}500$ and length 70mm, shows the optimal fluid width and velocity distribution. Also, the nozzle with inner spiral structure shows a Gaussian distribution of velocity and this model is almost twice as fast as the model without spiral structure, within the effective standoff distance (2.5 mm). In the future, when inserting abrasive material into the waterjet, we plan to analyze the fluid flow and the particle behavior through a simulation model.