• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with child's Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity. The participants (n = 133) were Korean juveniles (3^rd and 4^th graders) and their parents. They completed a questionnaire packet including the SPARK (Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids) survey and the parent equivalent survey. Correlation, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the association between child's BMI and 10 factors of SPARK as predict or variables. 25.6% of the participants were classified as overweight (21.1%) or obesity (4.5%). 3 parental factors including mother's BMI and frequency of mother's and father's physical activity were identified as significant predictors of children's BMI. The 10 variables accounted for 28% of the variance (p<.01) in the linear regression model. These results provide insight into parental factors which are related to a child's BMI and physical activity. Parental role modeling which refers to parents' efforts to model an active lifestyle for children plays an important role.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.659-667
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in abdominal X-ray radiography using automatic exposure control (AEC). This study included 321 patients who underwent abdominal X-ray using AEC, and we correlated ESAK with height, weight, BMI and compared mean ESAK according to BMI grades (Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese 1, Obese 2). As a result, Weight ($R^2=0.777$, p<.001) and BMI ($R^2=0.835$, p<.001) were positively associated with ESAK, but no significant association was found between height ($R^2=0.075$, p<.001) and ESAK. The mean ESAK with respect to BMI grades showed statistically significant difference and in the post-hoc analysis, the existence of 5 subgroups at the significance level of 0.05 indicated that there were differences in the ESAK in all BMI grades. Also, as the increment of ESAK between two neighboring BMI grades increases from Underweight to Obese 2, the exposure dose dramatically increased as the BMI increased. Thus, an excessive exposure dose due to increasing BMI when using AEC should be acknowledged and Efforts to reduce dose should be taken, such as: by fixing the exposure conditions.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.293-297
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to compare body mass index (BMI) with waist circumference (WC) as a predictor of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: The subjects were consisted of 458 adults, aged 20 year or above, of one community in Kyunggi-do. Mean IOPs were stratified jointly for BMI and WC tertiles. Multi-variate linear regression analysis was also used to compare between BMI and WC. Results: Although any BMI tertiles were not associated with IOP within each tertile of WC, WC tertiles was significantly related to elevation of IOP within the third BMI tertile (${\geq}24.9kg/m^2$). After adjusting for age and sex, only WC showed significant association with IOP. In additional adjustment for lifestyle variables, both BMI and WC were significantly associated with elevation of IOP. However, the results showed the stronger association of IOP with WC than BMI, whether they were adjusted by age and sex or additionally lifestyle variables. Conclusions: These data showed that BMI and WC were positively associated with IOP. However, WC appeared to be a better indicator for higher IOP than BMI.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.147-151
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• 2016

Automatic exposure control (AEC) is frequently used in many hospitals for Standing Whole Spine examination which is able to control radiation dose with respect to the body type such as body mass index (BMI) and we can measure dose area product (DAP) based on respective patient information. However, few studies have been conducted organ absorbed dose evaluation based on location of patient organ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between BMI and organ absorbed dose along with location of patient organ. For that purpose, we calculated absorbed dose with selected 5 patient organ (thyroid, breast, heart, kidney, and pancreas) using a PCXMC simulation tool with measured DAP. According to the results, measured DAP increases with BMI and organ absorbed dose decreases with BMI in anterior organs such as thyroid, breast, and heart. On the other hand, there is no correlation between organ absorbed dose and BMI in posterior organs such as kidney and pancreas. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the radiation effects are different with respect to BMI and location of patient organ in Standing Whole Spine examination.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and metabolic determinants of circulating soluble leptin receptor (CSLR) and free leptin index (FLI) in pre-pubertal obese male children. Methods: We conducted a preliminary cross-sectional study at three tertiary hospitals and one public primary school. Eighty obese male children without growth and developmental abnormalities aged 5-9 years were recruited. In these children, obesity was solely caused by excessive food intake, and not by acute illness, medications, endocrine abnormalities, or any syndrome. Body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, high density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, triglyceride level, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance are the potential determinants for leptin regulation, which is represented by CSLR level and FLI. Results: Carbohydrate was the main source of energy. BMI and body fat mass had negative weak correlation with CSLR and positive weak correlation with FLI. Furthermore, carbohydrate intake was found to be independently associated with CSLR based on the results of the multiple linear regression analysis. Following an increase in carbohydrate intake, CSLR level decreased progressively without any negative peak. Conclusion: Leptin regulation in prepubertal obese male children is associated with body composition and dietary intake. Carbohydrate intake is useful for predicting CSLR. Lipid profiles and insulin resistance are not related to both CSLR and FLI. Treatment and prevention of leptin resistance in obese children should focus on reducing BMI, fat mass, and carbohydrate intake.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3492-3499
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to investigate nursing students' attitude toward body weight control, food behaviors according to their recognition, satisfaction on body image and Body Mass Index(BMI). The subjects were 273 nursing students. A survey was conducted using a self administered questionnaire. The data were an analyzed by a SPSS program. The majority of the surveyed participants were normal range for body mass index(BMI). Most of nursing students preferred a thin body image and were not satisfied with their body image. Most also controlled their body weight for appearance by exercising and the other efforts to change the body weight. From the above results, it is considered that nursing students need to establish proper self-recognition and dietary behaviors for their body images and counseling for desirable body weight control methods.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.274-286
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of preoperative low body mass index (BMI) on both the short- and long-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 510 patients with gastric cancer were divided into the following 3 groups: low BMI group (${\leq}18.5kg/m^2$, n=51), normal BMI group ($18.6-24.9kg/m^2$, n=308), and high BMI group (${\geq}25.0kg/m^2$, n=151). Results: There were significantly more stage III/IV patients in the low BMI group than in the other groups (P=0.001). Severe postoperative complications were more frequent (P=0.010) and the survival was worse (P<0.001) in the low BMI group. The subgroup analysis indicated that survival was worse in the low BMI group of the stage I/II subgroup (P=0.008). The severe postoperative complication rate was higher in the low BMI group of the stage III/IV subgroup (P=0.001), although the recurrence rate and survival did not differ in the stage III/IV subgroup among all the BMI groups. Low BMI was an independent poor prognostic factor in the stage I/II subgroup (disease-free survival: hazard ratio [HR], 13.521; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.186-154.197; P=0.036 and overall survival: HR, 5.130; 95% CI, 1.644-16.010; P=0.005), whereas low BMI was an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications in the stage III/IV subgroup (HR, 17.158; 95% CI, 1.383-212.940; P=0.027). Conclusions: Preoperative low BMI in patients with gastric cancer adversely affects survival among those with stage I/II disease and increases the severe postoperative complication rate among those with stage III/IV disease.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2006

To study the correlation with increasing body fat mass for the Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life, a nationwide, cross-sectional survey was performed with 178 male college students in december 2005. Among the student subjects, 76 were analyzed for body protein mass, body mineral mass, body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio(WHR), body mass index(BMI) and obesity degree using Inbody 3.0(Biospace Co, Seoul, Korea). Body protein mass was at a high level of 92.1%, body mineral mass was at a low level of 94.7%. Body fat mass was at a high level of 28.9%, percent body fat was at a high level of 37.3%, WHR was at a high level of 31.6%, and obesity degree was at a high level of 38.2%, BMI was at a high level of 24.3% and BMR was observed at a high level of 41.8%. WHR was correlated with '7. Prepare food proper amount sanitarily.' and obesity degree, while BMl was were correlated with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount.' positively. BMR was correlated with '6. Enjoy 3 meal a day regularly.' ArmCircle was correlated with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount.' and fitness score was corrected with '4. Increase movement and eat proper amount', and '8. Enjoy Korean rice food style.' positively. Body protein mass and body mineral mass were negatively correlated with fruit, ArmCircle was positively correlated with fish, obesity degree was positively correlated with soup and BMI and ArmCircle were positively correlated with sweet. '8. Enjoy Korean rice food style.' was negatively significantly correlated with overweight, over percentage body fat, obesity degree > 120 and BMI. Male students were not practicing the Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life well with an average score of 37.7%. However, male students who are within the normal range of body composition analysis value have to notice that over range of weight, protein, percentage body fat, WHI and obesity degree was observed above average score of 30%.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.4 s.48
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• pp.665-676
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to observe the longitudinal changes in BMI (Body Mass Index) of obese and non-obese 3rd. grade high school students in Seoul for 12 years and to see the trends of overt weight gain in obese adolescents. The results are as follows; 1. The average annual increasing rates of body mass Indices in male students were $1.14kg/m^2$ in obese group and $0.59kg/m^2$ in non-obese group. In female students, the average annual increasing rates of body mass indices were $0.93kg/m^2$ in obese group and $0.53kg/m^2$ in non-obese group. 2. The change rate of BMI for 12 years was significantly higher in obese group than non-obese group. 3. Puberty had less influence on the change rate of BMI in obese group compared to non-obese group. 4. In obese group, 71.8% of the variance in BMI at 17 can be predicted by BMI at 16 years in male students. In female students 44.4% can be predicted by BMI at age 16. 5. Among the 17-year-old obese students, 58.8% of the males and 56.2% of females were found not to have been obese at 7 years of age. 6. Among the 17-year-old obese students, those who were obese at 7 years of age were found to have higher BMI at later ages than those who were in the non-obese group. Obese adolescents were more likely to be obese in their childhood than non-obese group. There was no optimal age for the significant weight gain and the increasing rate of BMI was constantly higher in obese group than in non-obese group. Due to the fact that child obesity in early age contributes to obesity in adolescence, close observation is advised. On the other hand, a large proportion of obese adolescents can be preventable by early interventions, because about 50% of obese adolescents were not obese in early elementary school age.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Visual evaluation of chest radiograph images is the most practical and effective method. This study compared the Body Mass Index, waist circumference, and mAs with chest radiographs of 351 women. The Bureau of Radiological Health method was used to evaluate the image quality of chest X-ray images by anatomical and physical methods. The average age of the subjects was $30.17{\pm}4.73$ and the average waist circumference was $66.91{\pm}4.67cm$. The mean Body Mass Index value was $20.21{\pm}2.23$, the mean value of mAs was $3.04{\pm}0.78$, and the mean value of Bureau of Radiological Health was $79.83{\pm}8.45$. When the Body Mass Index value increased, waist circumference and mAs mean value increased. The mean value of Body Mass Index was statistically significant(p<0.05) in Group 4 compared to Groups 1 and 2, with increasing Body Mass Index. Exposure control of the automatic exposure control system is considered to be well performed according to body thickness or Body Mass Index at the time of chest radiography. As the Body Mass Index increases, the thickness of the body increases and the breast thickness of the woman also increases. Therefore, it is considered that the exposure amount is changed by the automatic exposure control device to affect the image quality.